• Computers and Concrete
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2018

With the increase in industrialization and urbanization, growing demand has enhanced rate of new constructions and old demolitions. To avoid serious environmental impacts and hazards recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) is being adopted in all over the world. This paper investigates successive recycled coarse aggregates (SRCA) in which old concrete made with RCA in form of concrete cubes was used. The cubes were crushed to prepare new concrete using aggregates from crushing of old concrete, used as SRCA. The mechanical behavior of concrete was determined containing SRCA; the properties of SRCA were evaluated and then compared with natural aggregates (NA). Replacement of NA with SRCA in ratio upto 100% by weight was studied for workability, mechanical properties and microstructural analysis. It was observed that with the increase in replacement ratio workability and compressive strength decreased but in acceptable limits so SRCA can be used in low strength concretes rather than high strength concrete structures.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.668-676
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• 1997

Al2O3/SiC nanocomposites are fabricated through intensive ball milling to mix fine SiC particles uniformly with the Al2O3 powder. Another role of milling is to reduce particle sizes by crushing particles as well as agglomerates. However, balls are worn during ball milling and the sample powder mixtures pick up to weight loss of the balls. In this study, pressureless sintering was performed to obtain Al2O3/SiC nanocomposites. It was found that the wear rate of zirconia balls during milling was considerable, and the zirconia addition after even a few hours of ball milling could increase the sintering rates of the nanocomposites significantly. Thus, addition of ZrO2 changed the sintering behaviors as well as mechanical properties of Al2O3/SiC nanocomposites.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.20-27
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• 1996

Ice loads can determined by many factors like ice properies and dimension, velocity and type of structures. The magnitude of ice load varies with the failure mode which can be predicted by failure maps if the aspect ratio and strain rate are known. To reduce the ice force, various types of structure have been investigated and it is now known that the identor shape plays an important role in reducing ice load on Arctic offshoe structures. The conical and wedge structures are good applied examples in the Arctic region. In this study, ice forces on single wedge indentors are investigated for crushing failure mode. The ice loads on wedged indentors are compared with those on cylindrical structures. Also the concept of "ice annual"is introduced to verify the ice loads to multi and single wedge structures.tructures.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1024-1028
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• 2008

The ballast, one of track components, plays an essential role as intermedium in transmitting train load to subgrade safely, and the deterioration of ballast directly effects the growth of track irregularity. In this study, we determined the main factor of ballast deterioration was miniature of ballast gravel caused MTT(Multiple Tie Tamper) works and accumulated traffic loads. To estimate the deterioration characteristics of ballast, we carried out field test through track construction for test and the model test simulating the actual operation environment, have done a comparative analysis with the sample's result(crushing rate) of high-speed railroad running actually.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.979-982
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• 2003

Two rapeseed meal samples (Sample A, hybrid 5900 and sample B, double low rapeseed No.4) obtained from China and one Canola meal sample obtained from a local crushing plant in Canada were used to investigate the amino acid degradability of rapeseed/Canola meal in rumen and amino acid digestibility of ruminal incubation residues by precision-fed rooster bioassay. Results show that in ruminal incubation the degradation rate of non amino acid nitrogen in crude protein is higher than that for amino acid nitrogen in crude protein, the results also suggest that the degradation rate of amino acid nitrogen in Chinese rapeseed meal sample B was lower than that for Canadian Canola, but that in Chinese rapeseed meal sample A is much close to that for Canadian canola meal. For all amino acids the digestibility of the bypass or residual protein as measured by the precision-fed rooster bioassay tended to be lower for Chinese rapeseed meal sample A than for sample B or Canadian canola meal which had similar digestibility values. However following a calculation of total amino acid availability, involving the digestibility of amino acids in the rumen and rooster bioassay the results are less contradictory. Results indicated that in traditional roasting-expelling process, heat treatment, especially dry heat treatmeat could decrease amino acids degradability in rumen of rapeseed/canola meal, but also may decrease total availability of amino acids of rapeseed/canola meal.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.161-166
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• 1997

This study was performed to develope the method of wildgrass to process as hydroseeding material which is a most popular revegetation method for Slope areas through the control of soil eroison and stability by seeding grasses. The wildgrass material for the processing were harvested at Suwon, Kyungki-do and Wonju, Kangwon-do in 1994. The investigations were established in laboratory for pot and field experiment with seven treatments by harvesting date and place in 1995. Results indicated that wildgrass harvested field in open space or road side was able to be used as hydroseeding material by proper processing. It was possible to substitute wildgrass seed to conrrnercial turfgrass seed, and plant tissue to mulching fiber by drying and crushing process. Germination of wildgrass seed was relatively slower than control (20g /$m^2$ turfgrass seed) in early stage of 20 days, but surface revegetation rate was higher in 50 days at wildgrass plot than control applied by normal hydroseeding method. Mixture of 5g /$m^2$ of cool season turfgrass seed to wildgrass material increased the rate of early stage of germination and surface revegetation. The application of wildgrass as hydroseeding material showed more naturalistic scenery than rutine hydroseeding with imported cool season turfgrass seed. Key words: Rydroseeding, Turfgrass, Wildgrass, Revegetation.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.347-352
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• 2011

Health insurance review & Assessment service (HIRA) has enforced cutting the drug costs when physicians prescribe split extended release drugs, starting from December, 2010. The objective of this study is to analyze extended release and enteric coated drugs on pharmaceutical reimbursement list in Korea, and to investigate the impact and barriers of the health insurance review on splitting extended-release formulation drugs. By using the ingredient code, extended release and enteric coated formulations make up 7.8% of all drugs in April, 2011. The most frequently used drugs are agent affecting circulatory and digestive system. From the extended release and enteric coated formulations (n=112), 34.8% (n=39) were not available in other dosage forms. According to questionnaire survey for 169 pharmacists (response rate: 73.8%), the rate of splitting and crushing of extended release and enteric coated drugs decreased. When pharmacists correct physician's prescription errors, the biggest problem was lack of other dosage forms. So it is necessary to develop variety of other dosage forms, and computerized checking system for splitting extended-release drugs. It is also important to inform physicians and patients in regard to the problems of split prescription of extended release and enteric coated drugs.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2010

Purpose: In the finger, there are three major palmar arches in the arterial system. The location of this arches are constant. The middle and distal transverse arches are consistently large (almost 1 mm) and may be used for arterial vessel repairs either proximally or distally, depending on the length and direction needed. This paper describes our experiences in reconstruction and replantation of the finger using rerouting the transverse digital palmar arch. Methods: 31 patients with injuries according to our classification were treated from March of 2005 to October of 2008. In this study the authors subdivided injuries into those with amputation distal to the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus (Class I, 31 fingers); those with amputation distal to the insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis (Class II, 4 fingers). Replantation was performed using the artery-only technique with neither vein nor nerve repair. Because the artery has been damaged, it is still possible to make a direct suture by transposing the arterial arch in an inverted Y to I arterial configuration or converting the arch. Venous drainage was provided by an external bleeding method with partial nail excision, medical leech, and repaired margin. Results: The success rate was 87% (n=27) in class I and 75% (n=4) in class II. The authors conclude that crushing and complete avulsion injuries & amputations are salvageable, with acceptable functional results in select patients, especially those with amputation distal to the insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis. Conclusion: We performed replantation and reconstruction with only-arterial transposing anastomosis successfully, resulting in good recovery of aesthetic and functional outcome. Three major digital palmar arches, especially distal two branches, give us additional treatment options. In the finger replantation and reconstructive techniques using rerouting healthy the transverse digital palmar arch increase the survival rate of the finger.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2014

휴 폐광산지는 산발생, 지하수 오염뿐만 아니라 침식 및 산사태 등 다양한 물리화학적 지질재해에 노출되어 있다. 임기광산 폐석적치장 광미를 대상으로 링 전단시험을 수행하여 전단속도에 따른 전단특성을 조사하고 한다. 본 연구에 있어 마찰저항을 최소화할 목적으로 링 전단상자 오링(O-ring)은 전단동안 회전이 가능하도록 설계되었다. 1차 시험은 일정한 수직응력(50kPa)과 전단속도(0.1mm/sec) 조건에서 전단시간에 따른 전단응력을 조사하였다. 2차 시험은 일정한 수직응력 조건에서 전단속도를 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 50, 100mm/sec로 순차적으로 증가시켜 전단속도에 따른 전단응력을 조사하였다. 3차 시험은 일정한 전단속도(0.1mm/sec)하에서 수직응력을 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150kPa로 증가시켜 각 경우에 대한 전단응력을 조사하였다. 시험결과에 따르면, 배수조건에 관계없이 임기광산 폐석적치장광미시료는 전단연화거동(strain softening behavior)을 보였다. 특히 전단속도가 10mm/sec보다 작은 경우 잔류전단응력은 100~300초 사이에 일정한 값에 도달하는 것으로 나타났다. 2차와 3차 시험결과에 따르면, 배수조건에 관계없이 전단응력은 전단속도와 수직응력의 함수로 나타났다. 하지만, 배수조건에 따라 링 전단상자 전단부에서 상이한 입자파쇄 특성이 관측되었다. 배수조건시 전단상자 전단면에서 하단까지 넓은 전단띠가 형성된 것에 반해, 비배수조건시 전단면에 국부 전단띠가 형성되었다. 이러한 점에 비추어 볼 때, 전단속도에 따른 입자파쇄 특성은 산사태 유동성을 높이는 중요한 인자로 판단된다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.804-809
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• 2011

$Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-{\delta}}$ 조성의 관형 분리막을 압출 성형 방법으로 제조하였다. 압출성형 직후 분리막의 TGA 분석결과 3단계의 무게감소로 첨가제와 탄산염이 분해되었고, 건조 수축율은 68 h 경과 후 변화가 없었으며 외경이 큰 분리막에서 높게 나타났다. 소결 후 분리막의 XRD 및 SEM 분석결과, 분리막은 단일상의 페롭스카이트 구조를 갖는 치밀한 막을 보였고, EDS 분석을 통해 $Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-{\delta}}$와 유사한 성분함량을 가짐을 확인하였다. 두께 0.95 mm $Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-{\delta}}$ 관형 분리막의 압환강도(radial crushing strength)는 5.7 kgf/$mm^2$이였으며, $950^{\circ}C$에서 산소투과량은 146.85 mL/min($Jo_2$=2.33 mL/$min{\cdot}cm^2$)를 나타냈었다. 투과 측의 진공펌프 사용이 쓸개 가스를 활용한 것보다 산소 투과량 증진에 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.