• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2012

The need of heavy and unconventional crude oil as an energy source is increasing day by day, so does the importance of petroleomics: the pursuit of detailed knowledge of heavy crude oil. Crude oil needs techniques with ultra-high resolving capabilities to resolve its complex characteristics. Therefore, ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry represented by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) has been successfully applied to the study of heavy and unconventional crude oils. The analysis of crude oil with high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) has pushed analysis to the limits of instrumental and methodological capabilities. Each high-resolution mass spectrum of crude oil may routinely contain over 50,000 peaks. To visualize and effectively study the large amount of data sets is not trivial. Therefore, data processing and visualization methods such as Kendrick mass defect and van Krevelen analyses and statistical analyses have played an important role. In this regard, it will not be an overstatement to say that the success of FT-ICR MS to the study of crude oil has been critically dependent on data processing methods. Therefore, this review offers introduction to peotroleomic data interpretation methods.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.66-68
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• 1987

헥산으로 추출한 대두유의 탈취유와 클로로포름-메타놀로 추출한 대두원유내에 존재하는 인지질의 정성정량 분석을 고성능 액체크로마토그라피를 사용하여 행하였다. 헥산으로 추출한 대두원유, 탈검유, 정제유, 탈색유 및 탈취유의 인함량은 각각 510, 120, 5, 1.4. 1ppm이었으며 클로로포름-메타놀로 추출한 대두원유의 인함량은 800ppm이었다. 원유내에서 확인된 인지질은 포스파터딜콜린, 포스파티딜에타놀아민, 포스파티딜이노시틀, 포스파티딜세린, 포스파티딜산이었으며, 탈취유에서는 포스파티딜세린과 포스파티딜에타놀아민만이 검출되었다. 이 분석방법을 사용하면 대두유내의 모든 인지질을 30분이내에 개별적으로 분리하고, 0.1ppm수준까지 정량분석할수 있다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.15-39
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• 2001

The study, using the input-output analysis of 402 industrial sectors by Bank of Korea(BOK) and the resulting outcomes of price model, aims to evaluate the spillover effects the international fluctuations in crude oil prices have on the commodities prices and consequently, analyse the management and profitability of the offshore fisheries in Korea. At present, the fisher men are provided with tax-free oils for their fishing operations as specified under the Special Tax Treatment Control Law. However, the exhaustion of marine resources and new international fisheries agreements, which resulted in the loss of fishing grounds, made the stable catch even more unpredictable and the hike in the price of the international crude oil would have adverse effects on the fishing industry. The study revealed that the increasing rise in the price of crude oil would exert sweeping spillover effects on other industry sectors in general and accordingly, lead to a poorer performance by fisheries. The price spillover coefficients for the diesel oil was 0.6026, which would translate into the 42.6% increase in the prices of oil when the increase ratio of 73.3% for the base crude oil was applied based on the calculation methods employed in the study. This in turn increased the ratio of diesel oil required in the offshore fisheries from 23.3% to 16.6%, diminishing the ratio of current net profits to minus 2.0% from 4.2% otherwise. By fishing type, the Pair Trawl suffered current net profits loss most by ratio of minus 9.4% and other fisheries such as Coastal Stow Nets, Coastal Angling, Danish Sein also suffered ratio of 7% and more in the loss of current net profits. With the deteriorating fishing performance, coupled with the increasing international crude oil prices, it is urgently required that the authorities concerned deliberate in depth on such schemes as follows in efforts to secure stable fishing production. First, provision of large-scale storage facilities for oil is needed to timely adapt to the fluctuations in international crude oil prices. Secondly, in line with the stabilization of tax-free oil prices, duty levied on oils for fishing and tax collected from the refineries need to be tax-exempt. Thirdly, the beneficiaries from the provision of tax-free oil should be broadened, not limited to special fishing operation only. Fourth, investment in stabilization of the oil prices should be encouraged, possibly through funding from the formation of fisheries development funds underway.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2001

본 연구는 포도씨의 영양성분을 분석하여 식용유지 자원 등으로서의 가능성을 검토하고 우수자원을 발굴하기 위하여 시행되었다. 포도씨의 전체 영양 성분을 분석한 결과 수분은 10.1%, 조단백질 11.7%, 조지방질 29.7%, 조회분 2.53%, 및 총 당 4.38 ${\mu}g/mg$, 환원당 3.96 ${\mu}g/mg$ 등의 평균함량을 나타내었다. 지방산 조성은 리놀렌산이 가장 많아 평균 66.15%를 차지하고 있으며 그 다음으로 을레인산>팔미트산>스테아르산의 순으로 구성되어 있고 리놀레닉산은 아주 적은 량을 함유하고 있었다. 중성지방질의 평균 함량은 85.4%, 당지방질은 6.50%, 그리고 인지방질은 8.06%로 나타나 전반적으로 포도씨 지방질은 중성지방질의 주성분에 인지방질과 당지방질이 소량으로 구성되어 있음을 알 수 있다. 포도씨 조지방질의 평균 검화가는 187.5을 나타내 들깨 기름 보다는 낮고 참깨 기름 보다는 높은 검화가를 나타내었다. 포도씨 기름의 항산화력이 참깨 또는 들깨씨 기름보다 우수하여 1,1,-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DDPH) 환원 능력에 있어서 각각 12 및 50% 높은 항산화 능력을 나타내었다. 항산화 물질과 페놀 함량에 있어서 참깨유 또는 들깨유보다도 많은 량을 함유하고 있다. 암흑 또는 햇빛 보관 조건에 관계없이 포도씨 기름이 참깨나 들깨 보다 낮은 산패도를 나타내고 있어 상당히 높은 산화 안정성을 보이고 있다. 또한 $150^{\circ}C$ 열처리를 가한 다음 산패도를 측정하였을 때도 포도씨 기름은 이들보다도 낮은 산패도를 나타내고 있다. 이러한 우수한 산화 안정성은 포도씨에 많이 함유되어 있는 항산화 물질과 관계가 되는 것으로 생각된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.31-41
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• 1998

As the leakage of crude oil from tankers breaks out frequently, it caused a serious problem for ocean pollution and calls for developing treatments to handle the leaked crude oil and mitigate the pollution. Thus it is required to develop new purification technolgies and appropriate treatment systems which have sufficient treatment capability in order to cope with the anticipated ocean pollution. In this experiment, A and B type heavy oils were used to make the emulsion of both water containing heavy oil and sea-water containing heavy oil. The following are the main results from this study ; 1. When A and B type heavy oils were added to the original sea-water and treatedin the homogrenizer respectively, the particle of oil beacame smaller in both cases. Under the same condition, while the initial oil density of sea-water containing B-heavy oil is higher than of emulsion with A-heavy oil, the particle of A-heavy oil is finer than that of B-heavy oil. 2. When A and B type heavy oils were added to distilled water and treated in the homogenizer respectively, the particle was more dispersed and finer than that in the case of sea-water in both cases. In this result, the water containing oil formed more stable emulsion than the sea-water containing oil. 3. In this experiment, all emulsions showed oil in water types. 4. Since the oil particle is larger in the sea-water than in the distillated water, interms of elimination of oil, it is thought to be more important to give Membrane treatment after implementing sandfilter, activity carbon, coagulation-sedimentation and floating separation as pre-treatment.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.215-232
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• 2020

Crude oils are essential source of energy. It is majorly found in geographical locations beneath the earth's surface and crude oil is the main factor for the economic developments in the world. Natural crude oil contains unrefined petroleum composed of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and it contains other organic materials like aromatic compounds, sulphur compounds, and many other organic compounds. These hydrocarbons are rapidly getting degraded by biosurfactant producing microorganisms. The present study deals with the isolation, purification, and characterization of biosurfactant producing microorganism from oil-contaminated soil. The ability of the microorganism producing biosurfactant was investigated by well diffusion method, drop collapse test, emulsification test, oil displacement activity, and blue agar plate method. The isolate obtained from the oil contaminated soil was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The identification was done by microscopic examinations and further characterization was done by Biochemical tests and 16SrRNA gene sequencing. Purification of the biosurfactant was performed by simple liquid-liquid extraction, and characterization of extracted biosurfactants was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The degradation of crude oil upon treatment with the partially purified biosurfactant was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy and Gas-chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS).

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.324-331
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• 1991

해상유출유의 풍화산물인 수분함유 기름 에멀젼(water-in-oil emulsion)의 생성경 향과 안정도, 그리고 생성속도를 16개 원유에 대하여 측정하였다. 해상유출유의 방제 전략적 측면에서 매우 중요한 요인인 에멀젼의 생성방해와 파괴를 위하여 사용되 는 유분산처리제와 에멀젼 파괴제의 성능을 비교하였다. 에멀젼의 생성경향은 사우디 아라비아산 원유와 이란원유, Dubai 원유, (Isthmus) 원유, 중국산 대경 원유 등이 높 게 나타났으며, 80-90%의 함수율을 보였다. 에멀젼의 안정도는 중동산 원유들이 대부 분 높았으며, 에멀젼 생성속도가 빠른 (Istymus) 원유와 대경원유 등은 오히려 불안정 한 특성을 보였다. 에멀젼의 생성경향과 안정도는 원유 중의 아스팔텐 함량과 가장 밀 접한 연관이 있었으며, 황, 바나디움 함량과도 처리제와 에멀젼 파괴제를 이용하여 에 멀젼 형성을 억제하는 능력을 시험한 결과, 국산 유처리제는 기름 용적의 0.2%, 정도 에서, 외산 유처리제와 에멀젼 파괴제는 0.1% 이하에서 방해 효과를 보였다. 에멀젼의 생성 방해효과는 에멀젼의 형성시기를 지연시키지만 함수율을 감소시키지는 못하는 것 으로 보인다. 에멀젼 파괴제인 Alcopol 0 유처리제에 비하여 강력한 파괴능력을 보였 으며, 에멀젼 용적의 0.1% 이하에서 빠르게 에멀젼 내로 침투하여 물과 기름으로 분리 할 수 있었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.25-35
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• 1991

This study was carried out to determine the proximate composition, amino acids and fatty acids contents and changes of physicochemical characteristics of each oil extracted from Spanish and Virginia type peanuts grown in Korea roasted at 110, 120, 130 and 14$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 minutes. 1. The moisture contents of raw Spanish and Virginia type peanuts were 6.5~6.8% respectively. The crude ash and reduced sugar contents of raw Spanish and Virginia type peanuts were 2.3% and 16.5% and the crude protein content was 27.0% in Spanish type peanuts and was aproximately 1% higher than in Virginia type peanut. The protein content was 25.7%~26.7% in Virginia type peanut roasted at 110, 120, 130 and 14$0^{\circ}C$. The crude fat content of Virginia type peanut was 46.0% which was aproximately 1% higher than that of Spanish type. But four kinds of oils content were 51.3%~51.8% in Spanish type peanut roasted at 110, 120, 130 and 14$0^{\circ}C$, which was about 2% higher than those of Virginia type. 2. Amino acids existed in peanut were glutamie acid, arginine, aspartic acid, leucine, glycine, phenylalanine, proline-lysine, tyrosine, valine and isoleucine, etc mainly. But methionine and threonine contents were very low. The content of glutamic acid was the highest in 71.6-81.7mg among amino acids. Glutamic acid content of Virginia type peanut was about 12% higher than that of Spanish type peanut. Total amino acid content was 441.8mg/g in Virginia type peanut and that was 16% higher than that of Spanish type peanut. The lysine content of Spanish and Virginia type peanuts roasted at 14$0^{\circ}C$ were 24% and 13%, these were lower than those of peanuts roasted at 11$0^{\circ}C$. 3. Main fatty acids of raw Spanish and Virginia type peanut oils were oleic(40.99-46.58%), linoleic(33.21-38.82%) and palmitic acid(9.72-11.58). Linoleic acid content of raw Virginia type peanuts was 5.6% higher than that of raw Spanish type peanut. And the oleic acid content of Spanish and Virginia type peanuts roasted at 11$0^{\circ}C$, 12$0^{\circ}C$, 13$0^{\circ}C$ and 14$0^{\circ}C$ was 50-53% and 41-43% respectively. Linoleic acid content of Spanish and Virginia type peanuts roasted at same temperatures as the former was about 28-31% and 37-38% respectively. That linoleic acid content of roasted peanuts was lower than that of raw peanuts. Linoleic acid content of raw and roasted Virginia type peanut, were higher than that of Spanish type peanuts. 4. Acid value and peroxide value of oils extracted from roasted Spanish and Virginia type peanuts were much higher than those of oils extracted from raw peanuts. The maximum AVs of oils extracted from Spanish and Virginia type roasted peanuts were samples roasted at 12$0^{\circ}C$and those AVs were 0.50 and 0.63 respectively. And the maximum POVs of oils extracted from Spanish and Virginia type roasted peanuts were samples roasted at 12$0^{\circ}C$ also and those POVs were 26.8 and 32.8 meq/kg. oil respectively. Acid value and peroxide value of oils extracted from roasted peanuts were increased with increasing the roasting temperatures from 11$0^{\circ}C$ to 12$0^{\circ}C$, then decreased, while TBA values were increased continuously with increasing the roasting temperatures.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1261-1270
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• 2009

Fifty hydrocarbon-metabolizing microorganisms were isolated from soil samples polluted by the petroleum oils in Gamman-dong, Busan. Among them, strain 2-3A, showing strong emulsification activity, was selected by oil film-collapsing method. This bacterium was identified as Acinetobacter sp. and designated as Acinetobacter sp. 2-3A. The optimum temperature and pH on the growth of Acinetobacter sp. 2-3A were $25^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0, respectively. The carbon and nitrogen sources for the most effective emulsification activity were 3.0% olive oil and 0.5% peptone, respectively. The 0.15% potassium phosphate was the most effective emulsification activity as a phosphate source. The optimum emulsification activity condition was $20^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0, and 2.0% NaCl. The optimum time for the best production of biosurfactant was 27 hrs. The emulsification stability was maintained at the temperature range from $4^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$, pH range from 6.0 to 10.0, and NaCl range from 0% to 10%. For the oil resolvability of the biosurfactant, the residual oils were investigated by gas chromatography. As a result, it was verified that the biosurfactant decreased and decomposed crude oils from $_nC_{10}$ to $_nC_{32}$.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.479-504
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• 2006

국제원유시장에서 대표적인 WTI, 브렌트, 두바이유의 현물 및 선물 가격 간의 인과관계를 분석함으로써 국제유가의 가격발견과정을 연구한다. 비순환성 그래프에서 도출된 국제유가의 동시적 인과관계를 이용하여 오차수정모형에서 유가간의 단기인과관계를 분석한다. 1999년 1월 4일~2005년 7월 15일까지의 시계열 데이터를 이용한 동시적 인과관계의 분석 결과 WTI 현물과 선물 가격에 대한 두바이의 동시적 영향은 통계적으로 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났으며, 반면 브렌트 현물 및 선물 가격에 대한 두바이의 영향은 유의미한 것으로 확인되었다. 단기적으로는 브렌트 가격의 확률충격 상당부분이 WTI에 의해 설명되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 브렌트가 두바이와 WTI를 연결하고 있어, 마커원유로서 브렌트에 더욱 주목할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.