• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2019년도 춘계학술논문요약집
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• pp.69-69
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• 2019

The distillation of liquid cathode is necessary to separate cadmium from the actinide elements in the pyroprocessing since the actinide deposits are dissolved or precipitated in a liquid cathode. It is very important to avoid a splattering of cadmium during evaporation due to the high vapor pressure. Several methods have been proposed to lower the splattering of cadmium during distillation. One of the important methods is an installation of crucible cover on the distillation crucible. A multi-layer porous round cover was proposed to avoid a cadmium splattering in our previous study. In this study, the effect of crucible cover on the cadmium distillation was examined to develop a splatter shield. Various surrogates were used for the actinides in the cadmium. The surrogates such as bismuth, zirconia, and tungsten don't evaporate at the operational temperature of the Cd distiller due to their low vapor pressures. The distillation experiments were carried out in a crucible equipped with cover and in a crucible without cover. About 40 grams of Cd was distilled at a reduced pressure for two hours at various temperatures. The mixture of the cadmium and the surrogate was heated at $470{\sim}620^{\circ}C$. Most of the bismuth remained in the crucible equipped with cover after distillation under $580^{\circ}C$ for two hours, whereas small amount of bismuth decreased in the crucible without cover above $580^{\circ}C$. The liquid bismuth escaped with liquid cadmium drop from the crucible without cover. It seems that the crucible cover played a role to prevent the splash of the liquid cadmium drop. The effect of the cover was not clear for the tungsten or zirconia surrogate since the surrogates remained as a solid powder at the experimental temperature. From the results of this work, it can be concluded that the crucible cover can be used to minimize the deposit loss by prevention of escape of liquid drop from the crucible during distillation of liquid cathode.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.539-543
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• 1992

The continuous growth method was developed for Mn-Zn Ferrite single crystals. It is a new process that the polycrystalline MnχZn1-χFe2O4 raw materials are supplied continuously from the powder feeding system to the crucible heated by R.F. induction and melted in the crucible, and after the single crystals seed is attached to crucible's hole, the crystals are pulled downward with rotation. Growing the crystals by using the growth method different from the conventional Bridgman or Floating Zone method, we defined the factors having effect on the crystal growing through the pre-experiments. They are temperature distribution in the crucible, melt velocity according to its height, wettability between the crucible's bottom and melt. Therefore, Mn-Zn Ferrite single crystals were to be grown by attaining the appropriate melt height in the crucible, powder feeding rate, temperature gradient between the crucible and interface, crystal growing speed, and this method was confirmed to have possibility for single crystal growing.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2005

In the present study, an EMC (Electromagnetic Casting) process, using a segmented Cu cold crucible under a high frequency alternating magnetic field of 20 kHz, was practiced for the fabrication of poly-crystalline Si ingot of 50 mm diameter. The effects of Joule heating and electromagnetic pressure in molten Si were systematically investigated with various processing parameters such as electric current and crucible configuration. A preliminary experimental work was initiated with the pure Al system for the establishment of a stabilized non-contact working condition, and further adapted to the semiconductor-off-grade Si system. A commercialized software such as Opera-3D was utilized in order to simulate electromagnetic pressure and Joule heating. In order to evaluate the meniscus shape of the molten melts, shape parameter was used throughout the research. A segmented graphite crucible, which was attached at the upper part of the cold crucible, was introduced to enhance significantly the heating efficiency of Si melt keeping non-contact condition during continuous melting and casting processes.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1994

LiTaO3 single crystals were growth without cracking using Pt-Rh crucible and Ir crucible. The starting composition to get the melt of congruent melting composition, which has been dependent upon the experimental procedure, was taken after fixing the total growing process by the result of preliminary experiments. The Rh contamination from the Pt-Rh crucible was to be neglected if the crystal had been grown under inert atmosphere, which resulted in the crystal color being slightly yellow. This color was decolored after 24 hour's annealing at 1200℃ under air atmosphere. The optimum conditions for the crystal growing and the diameter control were so dependent upon the crucible material in spite of using the crucible of the same size. The liquid-solid interface of LiTaO3 crystal of 1" diameter has been flat if the rotation speed was 45rpm.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2018

Steel crucible used for molten Al has a problem of very limited lifetime because of the interaction between Fe and molten Al. This study was performed to improve the lifetime of steel crucible for molten Al by coating metallic Al and by further anodizing treatment to form thick and uniform anodic oxide films. The lifetime of the steel crucible was improved slightly by Al coating from 30 to 40 hours by metallic Al coating and largely to 120 hours by coating the surface with anodic oxide film. The improved lifetime was attributed to blocking of the reaction between Fe and molten Al with the help of anodic oxide layer with more than 20 um thickness on the crucible surface. The failure of the steel crucible arises from the formation of intermetallic compounds and pores at the steel/Al interface.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.402-405
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• 2005

부양용해 기술은 티타늄등 용해 및 주조에 어려움이 있는 기능성 금속의 용해 시 소재의 오염이나 고가의 도가니 없이 용해할 수 있는 기술로써 기계 부품 경량화 및 고강도를 위한 기술 및 신수요 창출을 위한 기반을 제공할 수 있다. 본 논문은 실기용 부양용해 cold crucible의 설계 및 제작에 앞서 실기 제작할 cold crucible에 대한 기초 자료를 바탕으로 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 위한 부양체를 포함한 3차원 전자기장 해석 model을 구축하여, 실제 cold crucible 설계 제작 시 다양한 형태로 활용될 수 있는 기본자료를 확보하는데 그 목적이 있다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.885-887
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• 2003

부양용해 기술은 티타늄등 용해 및 주조에 어려움이 있는 기능성 금속의 용해 시 소재의 오염이나 고가의 도가니 없이 용해할 수 있는 기술로써 기계 부품 경량화 및 고강도를 위한 기술 및 신수요 창출을 위한 기반을 제공할 수 있다. 본 논문은 실기용 부양용해 cold crucible의 설계 및 제작에 앞서 모사 cold crucible에 대한 기초 자료를 바탕으로 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 위한 3차원 전자기장 해석 model을 구축하여, 모사 모델과의 측정값과 전자장 해석결과를 비교하여, 실제 cold crucible 설계 제작시 다양한 형태로 활용될 수 있는 기본자료를 확보하는데 그 목적이 있다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.536-547
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• 1997

축방향으로 균일한 자장이 가하여진 Czochralski 도가니에서 도가니와 성장결정이 다양한 각속도로 회전하는 경우에 대하여 유동장, 온도장 및 산소의 농도장이 수치적으로 연구되었다. 도가니 벽의 가열에 의한 부력의 효과와 자유표면에서 온도차이에 의한 열모세관효과로 인한 용융물질의 유동은 도가니와. 성장결정의 회전에 따른 원심력에 의하여 차등적으로 억제될 수 있다. 이 원심력에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 인자는 도가니의 회전속도이며 이것이 초크랄스키 결정성장과정에서 속도장, 온도장, 농도장에 큰 영향을 주고 있다. 도가니의 회전속도가 작을 때에는 성장결정의 회전이 원심력을 효과적으로 발생시킨다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.314-322
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• 2004

The CaO crucible is expected to serve as a useful tool for melting Ti and its alloys due to its thermodynamic stability. However, tjere still remain problems that need to be resolved in the melting of Ti and its alloys to enable commerical use. The cause of the defects of Ti-6AI-4V alloy castings melted in the CaO crucible were examined and compared with induction skull melting. The key factors of the melting technique using the CaO crucible, affecting the quality of Ti-6AI-4V alloy castings, were investigated. Defects of the Ti-6AI-4V alloy castings are caused by the chemical reduction of CaO by Ti. Pressurizing with argon gas in a vacuum induction chamber is effective for reducing the defects. Preheating of the charged material in the crucible and quick pouring into a mold of lower temperature, just after melting down, are important for produsing sound Ti-6AI-4V castings.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.276-283
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• 2012

This study presents the results on the changes of crucible thermal conductivity and inflow of Ar, and constructed the mathematical model about heat transfer into furnace. As process variables, simulation model was designated thermal conductivity of crucible to $0.5W{\cdot}m^{-1}{\cdot}K^{-1}$, $1W{\cdot}m^{-1}{\cdot}K^{-1}$, $2W{\cdot}m^{-1}{\cdot}K^{-1}$, $4W{\cdot}m^{-1}{\cdot}K^{-1}$, and inflow rate of Ar to 15 L/min, 30 L/min, 60 L/min. Initial condition and boundary condition were set respectively in two terms of process. Each initial conditions were set up by the preceding simulation of heat and fluid flow. The primary goal is the application of unidirectional growth of Si ingot using the result. In the result of the change of heat conductivity of crucible, the higher thermal conductivity of crucible shows the shorter solidification time and the bigger temperature difference. And the flow patterns are changed with the inflow rate of Ar. Finally, we found that the lower crucible's thermal conductivity, the better crucible is at polycrystalline Si ingot growth. But in case of Ar inflow, it is hard to say about good condition. This data will be evaluated as useful reference used in allied study or process variable control of production facilities.