• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.31 no.1D
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2011

We built subway stops in order to meet demand. To do so, a standardized method is used to predict the demand. However, in some subway stops there are only few people moving around sparsely, but in some other stops there are too many people crammed in a crowd. The gap between forecasting and actual uses varies from 10% to more than 1,000%. This study is aimed to find out where this discrepancy between predicted vs. actual demand for urban rail transit comes from. Specifically, 40 subway stops in Seoul Metropolitan Area, which were opened last 10 years, are examined. This study suggests that, for better forecasting, we need to consider stops' locational characteristics as well as weekday commute-oriented exogenous factors. Locational characteristics includes; whether a stops is a terminal and/or weekend tourism node. There seems no "one size fits all" solution for transit demand forecasting; locational characteristics need to be reflected.

• STI Policy Review
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.75-97
• /
• 2014

Entrepreneurial financing, such as publicly initiated venture capital or grant schemes, serves as an important policy instrument that aims to bridge the financing gap facing young, innovative businesses, a gap that is mainly due to higher risk and growing uncertainty, and to strategically promote the creation of new ventures through the revitalization of their venture capital industries. This study examines public venture capital initiatives in Australia, Canada, and Sweden, and discovered that all three countries actively foster their venture capital industry through the formation of funds or the provision of tax incentives. It is notable that the majority of financing initiatives heavily depend on supply-side measures rather than demand-driven policies that focus on stimulating private investment in technological innovations and discoveries. This paper discusses in-depth the policy impact of public financing initiatives and their subsequent side-effects raised in the process such as overlapping in funding structure across the country, lack of monitoring and evaluation for feedback, fragmentation across the government ministries and agencies, and competition with the private sector, which may cause inefficiency as a result of public intervention. Financial constraints may arise for many reasons, partly resulting from the lack of investment readiness of young entrepreneurs. This signals a policy shift towards the creation of market-driven demand away from the traditional supply-push approach, and is a grand challenge to policymakers in entrepreneurial financing. Attention is leaning towards the efficiency and effectiveness of these public-financing initiatives in terms of their policy roles. It is worth noting that policy should focus on generating synergy so available resources can be channeled into the early, risky stage of new ventures, working as facilitator to the achievement of an intended policy goal.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 1998

Yedang lake has so plentiful pondage and many species of fresh-walter-fish that a large number of people crowd around there all the year round. Most of them are not used to prevent tsutsugamushi disease spreading by chigger(T-mite). Accordingly, this study was carried out in order to obtain basic materials for prevention of this disease and the results are summarized as follows. The number of wild rat that captured in surveyed areas was sixty five(apodemus agrarius: 63, Rattus norvegicus: 2) during the period of a year and ration of captured rats to trap was about 8%. The dominant species of T-mite in all the surveyed areas were Leptotrombidium pallidum and L. palpale and the total number collected was 5782.9 with one family, two genra, eight species. The density of T-mites that collected from rats in three areas(Nodongri, Hatanbangri, Kyochonri) appeared $743.3{\pm}80.4,\;847.2{\pm}86.2\;and\;869.6{\pm}86.4,\;and\;in\;soil\;149.5{\pm}13.9,;154.7{\pm}14.7\;and\;182.4{\pm}20.8$ respectively. On the whole, the number of T-mite that collected from the rats was about three times as much as it in soil. The comparison of individual number of T-mite per a rat collected in three surveyed sites(A,B and C) showed 126.7, 243.1, 258.6 and per $2,000cm^3$ of soil 12.7, 12.7, 54.6, 103.5 respectively. In other word, the number of T-mite at site A and B is smaller than that at area C, thus comparing habitats of three sites each other, C is better living environment of rat and mite than that of A or B. Seasonl occuarance of t-mite that is from rat gradually was increased toward winter and showed the peak to January, and decreased since March but it in soil was inverse proportion to it from rats, because the larvae of T-mite that was hatched in soil was transmited to host in order to suck the body fluid.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.45-56
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the number of investors influencing the achievement rate of domestic securities type crowdfunding, to find out why the general investors need to participate and to suggest measures to increase the participation of general investors. The results of this study are as follows. First, the effect of the recruitment amount, the target amount, the recruitment period and the business training is confirmed as factors affecting the achievement rate of domestic securities type crowdfunding. And it was confirmed that the influence factors on achievement rate could have a greater effect as the number of general investors increased. Therefore, the government should make more effort to relax regulations on general investors, and the investor of capital should strengthen the public disclosure of KSM through the KSM market in order to recover the funds of general investors, Crowd funding will be able to attract enough funds.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
• /
• v.35 no.7
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 2019

The active living of the elderly leads to improve their lives and enhance social networks. In the view of the active living, the walkability is an essential factor for the elderly's daily life. To support the active living, making age-friendly environment is important. Considering that the elderly mainly carry out activities through walking, making the age-friendly walking environment is a preliminary action. The existing studies applied various methods such as surveys by experts. In spite of the benefits in theirs, there is still a limitation that current walkability measurement methods did not incorporate the actual elderly's walking activity. Thus, the purposes of this study is to measure the elderly's walking quantitatively using a wearable sensor, and to investigate the feasibility of comparing several walking environments based on the data collected from the actual elderly's walking. To do this, experiment was conducted in four types environments with 22 senior subjects. The walkability was measured by walking stability represented quantitatively as Maximum Lyapunov Exponent (MaxLE). Through the experiment results, it was confirmed that the stability of the elderly walking was different according to the walking environment, which also meant that bodily responses (walking stability) is highly related to walkability. The results will provide an opportunity for the continuous diagnosis of walking environments, thereby enhancing the active living of the elderly.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 2022

Research is underway to solve the traffic problem by using crowdsourcing, where drivers use their mobile devices to provide traffic information. If it is used for traffic event detection through crowdsourcing, the task of collecting related data is reduced, which lowers time cost and increases accuracy. In this paper, we propose a scheme to collect traffic-related data using crowdsourcing and to detect events affecting traffic through this. The proposed scheme uses machine learning algorithms for processing large amounts of data to determine the event type of the collected data. In addition, to find out the location where the event occurs, a keyword indicating the location is extracted from the collected data, and the administrative area of the keyword is returned. In this way, it is possible to resolve a location that is broadly defined in the existing location information or incorrect location information. Various performance evaluations are performed to prove the superiority and feasibility of the proposed scheme.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2021.05a
• /
• pp.380-382
• /
• 2021

According to the National Police Agency, 161 out of 38,496 unsolved cases as of 2020. Most of the adult missing persons, the highest of the unsolved causes, are evaluated as simple runaway, which takes a long time to investigate. Even if search through CCTV, it can take a long time and the accuracy can be somewhat low because you have to check the faces of the characters one by one and find the characters only with the characteristics of the statements. This paper utilizes MTCNN to conduct research on character extraction in CCTV. We initiate simultaneous analysis of the features of faces learned with MTCNN and the clothes we are wearing, so that only the overlapping characters are extracted so that they can be identified to the related parties. For aim to learn more diverse feature detection to narrow down the features of missing persons in the future and increase their accuracy.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.379-389
• /
• 2024

Purpose and Method: Crowed Events can lead to sudden accidents caused by unpredictable variables. Therefore, focusing on the '10.29 Itaewon accident' among the representative cases, we examined the accident as the process of occurrence. In addition, improvement measures were suggested through analysis of related legal systems. Result: In the Itaewon accident, a "colony wave phenomenon" occurred due to "ultra-high-density cluster stay". In addition, cluster destruction occurred from a weak location in the cluster due to clusters and pressures in different directions to avoid this. Looking at the laws related to the safety management of Crowed Events, the laws and regulations differ depending on the location and type. Due to the complementary nature of the approach to the legal blind spot, the legal system that uses similar terms of the same concept and is not systematic is causing uncertainty in the application and interpretation of the law. Conclusion: Crowd control and on-site management should be carried out for events when the cluster density is expected to reach 8 people/m² or reached. Consistency should be maintained through the unified application of legislation to related legislation.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.51-66
• /
• 2014

The relationship study between SMEs' R&D and business performance is important research subject. The objective of this paper is to evaluate whether the effectiveness of government's R&D subsidy for SMEs is supported. The positive perspective is that the support policy stimulates the SMEs innovation activities including R&D and thus contributes to the performance, but the negative view is that the support policy rather decreases the firm's own R&D investment and thus the result is not necessarily promising. This paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of government subsidy on SMEs' R&D. This study suggested DID and Random Effect Models for analysis using the panel data of 2,807 SMEs in manufacturing sector. The data was collected from the 'Survey on SMEs Technology & R&D 2011' conducted by Korea Federation of Small and Medium Business. The results are as follows. First, government's subsidy has crowded out 4.7% of beneficiary's internal R&D investment. Second, government's subsidy has increased 27.3% of beneficiary's R&D intensity in spite of 4.7% internal R&D investment reduction. Third, government's subsidy didn't have a relationship with firm performance but the R&D intensity made positive influence on the firm performance. Finally, R&D intensity has increased the 6.7% of firm performance. These results mean that government's subsidy give a positive impact on SMEs' performance through R&D intensity with relatively small crowding-out effect.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.75-99
• /
• 2012

Innovation can come from inside or outside organizations. Recently, organizations have begun turning to external knowledge more often, through various forms of collective intelligence (CI) as collaborative platform to solve complex problems. Several factors facilitate this CI utilization phenomenon. First, with the rapid development of Internet and social media, numerous web applications have become available to millions of the Internet users over the past few decades. Web 2.0 and social media have become innovative web applications that provide an environment for human social interaction and collaboration. Second, the diffusion of simple and easy-to-use technologies that enable users to interact and design web applications without programming skills have led to vast, previously unknown amounts of user-generated content. Finally, the Internet has enabled communities to connect and collaborate, creating a virtual world of CI. In this study, web enabled CI is defined as a composed ability of individuals who are acting as a single cognitive unit to achieve common goals, think reasonably, solve problems, make decisions, carry out complex tasks, and develop creative ideas collectively through participation and collaboration on the web. Although CI plays a critical role in organizational innovation and collaboration, the dubious quality of CI is still problem that is difficult to solve. In general, the quality level of content collected from the crowd is lower than that from professionals. Thus, it is important to identify determinants of CI quality and to analyze the relationship between CI quality and its usefulness. However, there is a lack of empirical study on the quality factors of web-enabled CI. There exist a variety of web enabled CI sites such as Threadless, iStockphoto or InnoCentive, Wikipedia, and Youtube. One of the most successful forms of web-enabled CI is the Wikipedia online encyclopedia, accessible all over the world. Another one example is Naver KnowledgeiN, a typical and popular CI site offering question and answer (Q&A) services. It is necessary to study whether or not different types of CI have a different effect on CI quality and its usefulness. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to answer to following research questions: ${\bullet}$ What determinants are important to CI quality? ${\bullet}$ What is the relationship between CI quality factors and the usefulness of web-enabled CI? ${\bullet}$ Does CI type have a moderating effect on the relationship between CI quality, its determinants, and CI usefulness? Online survey using Google Docs with email and Kakao Talk was conducted for collecting data from Wikipedia and Naver KnowledgeiN users. A totoal of 490 valid responses were collected, where users of Wikipedia were 220 while users of Naver KnowledgeiN were 270. Expertise of contributors, community size, and diversity of contributors were identified as core determinants of perceived CI quality. Perceived CI quality has significantly influenced perceived CI usefulness from a user's perspective. For improving CI quality, it is believed that organizations should ensure proper crowd size, facilitate CI contributors' diversity and attract as many expert contributors as possible. Hypotheses that CI type plays a role of moderator were partially supported. First, the relationship between expertise of contributors and perceived CI quality was different according to CI type. The expertise of contributors played a more important role in CI quality in the case of Q&A services such as Knowledge iN compared to wiki services such as Wikipedia. This implies that Q&A service requires more expertise and experiences in particular areas rather than the case of Wiki service to improve service quality. Second, the relationship between community size and perceived CI quality was different according to CI type. The community size has a greater effect on CI quality in case of Wiki service than that of Q&A service. The number of contributors in Wikipeda is important because Wiki is an encyclopedia service which is edited and revised repeatedly from many contributors while the answer given in Naver Knowledge iN can not be corrected by others. Finally, CI quality has a greater effect on its usefulness in case of Wiki service rather than Q&A service. In this paper, we suggested implications for practitioners and theorists. Organizations offering services based on collective intelligence try to improve expertise of contributeros, to increase the number of contributors, and to facilitate participation of various contributors.