• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1940-1949
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• 1995

A numerical study for a two dimensional multi-jet with crossflow of the spent fluid has been carried out. Three different distributions of mass-flow rate at 5 jet exits were assumed to see their effects upon the flow characteristics, especially in the jet-flow region. For each distribution, various Reynolds numbers ranging from laminar to turbulent flows were considered. Results show that a fully developed laminar flow exists above a certain Reynolds number whose exact value depends upon the mass flow rate distribution. AS the Reynolds number increases, the flow becomes transitional from downstream and finally a fully developed turbulent flow forms in the jet-flow region. The critical Reynolds number where the fully developed turbulent flow forms is quite dependent upon the distribution of mass-flow rate. One interesting result is that the distribution of the skin friction coefficient along the inpingement plate in the jet-flow region shows a consistent dependency on the Reynolds number, i.e. inversely proportional to the square root of the Reynolds number, regardless of flow regime.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.29 no.7 s.238
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• pp.828-836
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• 2005

Impingement/effusion cooling technique is used for combustor liner or turbine parts cooling in gas turbine engine. In the impingement/effusion cooling system, the crossflow generated in the cooling channel induces an adverse effect on the cooling performance, which consequently affects the durability of the cooling system. In the present study, to reduce the adverse effect of the crossflow and improve the cooling performance, circular pin fins are installed in impingement/effusion cooling system and the heat transfer characteristics are investigated. The pin fins are installed between two perforated plates and the crossflow passes between these two plates. A blowing ratio is changed from 0.5 to 1.5 for the fixed jet Reynolds number of 10,000 and five circular pin fin arrangements are considered in this study. The local heat/mass transfer coefficients on the effusion plate are measured using a naphthalene sublimation method. The results show that local distributions of heat/mass transfer coefficient are changed due to the installation of pin fins. Due to the generation of vortex and wake by the pin fin, locally low heat/mass transfer regions are reduced. Moreover, the pin fin prevents the wall jet from being swept away, resulting in the increase of heat/mass transfer. When the pin fin is installed in front of the impinging let, the blockage effect on the crossflow enhances the heat/mass transfer. However, the pin fin installed just behind the impinging jet blocks up the wall jet, decreasing the heat/mass transfer. As the blowing ratio increases, the pin fins lead to the higher Sh value compared to the case without pin fins, inducing $16\%{\~}22\%$ enhancement of overall Sh value at high blowing ratio of M=1.5.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2013

A jet in a crossflow (JICF) has been extensively studied because of its wide applications in technological systems, including fuel injection into a ram-combustor. However, in the case of insufficient mixing performance of the liquid jet into the crossflow, the flame in a ram-combustor is unstable. In this study, the nonuniform flame and combustion instabilities due to lack of mixing performance were experimentally investigated. By performing correlations to predict the penetration height and break-up point, the spray and mixing characteristics of JICF have been studied. In particular, the improved correlations of penetration height are proposed in two distinctive domains depending on the X/d location of the crossflow.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.8 no.4 s.31
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• pp.39-47
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• 2005

The present study has been performed to investigate the influences of rectangular fins on heat transfer in an impingement/effusion cooling system with crossflow. To simulate the impingement/effusion cooling system with initial crossflow, two perforated plates are placed in parallel and staggered arrangements with a gap distance of 2 times of the hole diameter. The crossflow passes between the plates, and various rectangular fins are installed on the plates. Reynolds number based on the hole diameter is fixed to 10,000 and the flow rate of crossflow is changed from 0.5 to 1.5 times of that of the impinging jet. A naphthalene sublimation method is used to obtain the heat/mass transfer coefficients on the effusion plate. Also to analyze the flow characteristics, a numerical calculation is performed. When rectangular fins are installed, the flow and heat transfer pattern is changed greatly from the case without fins. In the injection hole region, the jet impinges on effusion plate without deflection and wall jet spreads symmetrically. In the effusion region, the crossflow accelerates due to the decrease of cross-sectional area in the channel. Local heat/mass transfer coefficients are enhanced significantly compared to the case without fins. As the blowing ratio increases, the effect of rectangular fins against the crossflow becomes more significant and then the higher average heat/mass transfer coefficients are obtained than the case without fins. However, the increase of blockage effect gives more pressure loss in the channel.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.12a
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• pp.289-296
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• 2004

The present study has been performed to investigate the influences of rectangular fins on heat transfer in an impingement/effusion cooling system with crossflow. To simulate the impingement/effusion cooling system with initial crossflow, two perforated plates are placed in parallel and staggered arrangements with a gap distance of 2 times of the hole diameter. The crossflow passes between the plates, and various rectangular fins are installed on the plates. Reynolds number based on the hole diameter is fixed to 10,000 and the flow rate of crossflow is changed from 0.5 to 1.5 times of that of the impinging jet. A naphthalene sublimation method is used to obtain the heat/mass transfer coefficients on the effusion plate. Also to analyze the flow characteristics, a numerical calculation is performed. When rectangular fins are installed, the flow and heat transfer pattern is changed greatly from case without fins. In the injection hole region, the jet impinges on effusion plate without deflection and wall jet spreads symmetrically. In the effusion region, the crossflow accelerates due to the decrease of cross-sectional area in the channel. Local heat/mass transfer coefficients are enhanced significantly compared to case without fins. As the blowing ratio increases, the effect of fins against the crossflow becomes more significant and then the higher average heat/mass transfer coefficients are obtained than the case without fins.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.125-131
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• 2000

The local heat/mass transfer coefficients for arrays of impinging circular air jets on a plane surface are determined by means of the naphthalene sublimation method. Spent fluid makes a crossflow in the confined space. The crossflow reduces heat/mass transfer at the small gap distance between the jet plate and impingement surface because of reentrainment of the spent fluid. The present study suggests a new exhaust system having effusion holes in the impinging jet plate. The spent air flow out after impingement just through effusion holes located in the upper plate. This system increases heat/mass transfer coefficients and uniformity for small gap distances$(H/d{\leq}2)$

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.383-389
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• 2010

The vapor concentration of hexane in a liquid spray jet in crossflow was qualitatively measured on the basis of the infrared (IR) extinction techniques. The objectives of the present study are to understand the whole evaporation process from droplet breakup to vapor and to confirm the usefulness of IR emission method in a lab-scale ramjet combustor. From the experimental results, we concluded that hexane vapor mole fraction increased with temperature rise and kept nearly constant during the variation of fuel to air momentum ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.25-31
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• 2010

The vapor concentration of hexane in a liquid spray jet in crossflow was qualitatively measured on the basis of the infrared (IR) extinction techniques. The objectives of the present study are to understand the whole evaporation process from droplet breakup to vapor and to confirm the usefulness of IR emission method in a lab-scale ramjet combustor. From the experimental results, we concluded that hexane vapor mole fraction increased with temperature rise and kept nearly constant during the variation of fuel to air momentum ratio.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.1629-1633
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• 2004

Liquid is commonly introduced as transversal jets in venturi scrubber which is one of the gas cleaning equipments. The jet dynamics such as penetration and breakup is of fundamental importance to the dust-collection efficiency. We have developed a model that can numerically simulate the breakup of the liquid jet in crossflow. This simulation consists of models on liquid column, jet surface breakup, column fracture and secondary droplet breakup. These models have been embedded in the KIVA3-V code. We have calculated such parameters as the jet penetration, jet trajectory, droplet size, velocity field and the volume flux distribution. The results are compared with the experimental data in this paper.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.195-203
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• 2000

The local heat/mass transfer coefficients for arrays of impinging circular air jets on a plane surface are determined by means of the naphthalene sublimation method. Fluid from the spent jets is constrained to flow out of the system in one direction. Therefore, the spent fluid makes a crossflow in the confined space. The present study investigates effects of jet-orifice-plate to impingement-surface spacing and jet Reynolds number. The spanwise- and overall-averaged heat/mass transfer coefficients are obtained by numerical integrating the local heat transfer coefficients. The local maximum heat/mass transfer coefficients move further in the downstream direction due to the increase of crossflow velocity. At the mid-way between adjacent jets, the heat/mass transfer coefficients have a small peak owing to the collision of the adjacent wall jets and are affected strongly by the crossflow. The effect of the crossflow occurs strongly at the small orifice-to-impingement surface distance.