• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2007

As a part of the study for the materials development of compound feelings, therefore, this study investigated into the effects of the colors of warp and weft on the overall colors of fabrics, along with the visual changes of colors by the measuring angle of both warp and weft, by means of cross-dyeing of cotton/PET union fabrics. First, the dyeing of cotton and PET fabrics individually with the same color, the dyeing of PET fabrics followed by that of cotton fabrics resulted in a small difference in color than the dyeing in the reversed order. Second, in the case of the dyeing of cotton/PET union fabrics with the color of one fiber fixed and that of the other in ten colors, the color of cotton fiber, which is warp, gave much influence. In addition, the color change was remarkable among complementary colors, while it was negligible among adjacent colors. Third, in the case of dyeing of cotton/PET union fabrics with the color of one fiber fixed and that of the other in ten colors, the results were different by the measuring angle. When PET was fixed in green and cotton was dyed in ten colors, color-deepening was observed by the inclination in the direction of warp and weft without the dominance over all colors like cotton. When cotton was dyed in red and PET in ten colors, the color of PET appeared dimly in the horizontal case by the direction of the light, and red appeared as inclined in the direction of warp and weft. This is because of the dominance of cotton color over the overall color, since the density of cotton fiber, the warp of union fabrics, is higher than that of PET, the weft. Thus, this is to be considered in the selection of the warp's color. In view of the above results, the color changes are outstanding when the color of warp dominates the overall color and when the colors of warp and weft are complementary, in comparison with the case when the colors are adjacent. The colors also change by the measuring angle.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.170-171
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• 2005

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.151-162
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• 2006

This study investigated into the effects of the colors of warp and weft on the overall colors of fabrics, along with the visual changes of colors by the measuring angle of both warp and weft, by means of cross-dyeing of cotton/PET union fabrics. First, the reflectance of polyester is higher than that of cotton over the whole wavelength. Second, the dyeing of polyester uses the disperse dyes and that of cotton uses fiber-reactive dyes, the differences in the features of dyes and the reflectance of fabrics cause the same colors to be perceived different by the angle of observation. Third, the dyeing of cotton and PET fabrics individually with the same color revealed that the dyeing of cotton and PET fabrics in one bath resulted in a small difference in colors between the two fabrics than the separate dyeing in two bathes. In the case of one bath, the dyeing of PET fabrics followed by that of cotton fabrics resulted in a small difference in color than the dyeing in the reversed order. Fourth, when cotton/PET union fabrics were dyed in ten colors, the difference in colors between the two fabrics was small; and due to the difference in the density of warp and weft of union fabrics, some difference was detected in comparison with the results of separate dyeing of cotton and PET fabrics in one bath. The latter did not produce the changes in color which was recognizable with the naked eyes. Fifth, when cotton/PET union fabrics were dyed in ten colors, any color change was not observed by the measuring angle, and the inclination in the direction of warp or weft resulted in the tendency of color-deepening. In the measurement of the latter, the inclination in the direction of weft resulted in the higher color-deepening than that in the direction of warp, due to the influence of weft.

• Composites Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.293-298
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• 2016

In this paper, Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic (GFRTP) for automotive headlight source module was fabricated by compounding and injection molding using PPS (Poly Phenylene Sulfide) resin with glass fiber which has three cross section (round type, cocoon type, flat type). Tensile, flexural, impact properties were investigated on effect of cross section, glass fiber contents. And it was observed flatness, dimensional stability, fluidity depending on glass fiber cross section. As a result, flat glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic's mechanical properties were most excellent. Also, dimensional stability and flatness showed better results when using flat glass fiber.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.239-246
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• 2017

Recently fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites have attracted great interest from industry and study because they offer unique properties such as high strength, modulus, impact resistance, corrosion resistance, and damping reduction which are difficult to obtain in single-component materials. The demand for plastics is steadily increasing not only in household goods, packaging materials, but also in high-performance engineering plastic and recycling. As a result, the technology of recycling plastic is also attracting attention. In particular, many paper have studied recycling systems based on recycled thermoplastics. In this paper, properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic(GFRTP) materials were evaluated using recycled PET for injection molding bicycle frame. The effect on thermal and mechanical properties of recycled PET reinforced glass chop fiber according to fiber cross section and fiber content ratio were studied. And it was compared void volume and torque energy by glass fiber cross section, which is round section and flat section. Mechanical characteristics of resulting in GF/rPET has been increased by increasing fiber contents, than above a certain level did not longer increased. And mechanical properties of flat glass fiber reinforced rPET with low void volume were most excellent.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.120-131
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• 2006

Recently, it has been reported that chemical hair coloring can cause allergic reactions, the toxicity issue of chemical hair color was issued. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in the hair coloration technique using non-toxic and bio-compatible hair color gotten from natural resource. In this study, the possibility using fermented Indigo as natural hair coloring agent was investigated. Bleached hair samples were dyed using Indigo, and the effect of dyeing frequency, the physical change after dyeing, color, surface and cross-section characteristics, and tensile property were also studied. In addition, the protection property of cationic detergent finishing on damaged hair samples were also studied. The following conclusions are made; 1. While bleached hair samples with low value showed the negligible effect of repeated dyeing, bleached hair samples with high value showed the good effect of repeated dyeing. 2. Hair sample dyed with Indigo showed a high light-fastness, however, tensile strength and elongation showed very low values (high damage on hair sample). 3. Cationic detergent finishing did not affect on the colorfastness because of decoloration after dyeing, however, it increased the smoothness of hair sample, and therefore, can use as protectant of damaged hair. 4. Hair scale was damaged after dyeing. It seemed that the alkali, potassium carbonate, increased pH of dyeing bath to 11, as a result, the hair was swollen, weaken, and dissolved on the prolonged dyeing time. Dyed hair sample became stiff and fine. 5. The color difference was 4.62 (a high fastness value) in the test of sunlight exposure, shampoo, cationic detergent finishing, and acid perspiration fastness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.274-275
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• 2004

The majority of dyes belong to the chromophoric class known as donor-acceptor systems, the essential structural feature of such systems being the presence of one or more electron donating groups conjugated to one or more electron withdrawing groups via an unsaturated bridge. The indigo molecule may be formally divided into two identical electron donor/acceptor subsystems, each containing an add number of pi electrons, two subsystems being joined by carbon-carbon double bond. Indigoid type dyes which show a strong colour change on protonation or dissociation have many potential functional applications, for example as analytical pH indicators, solvent polarity indicators, and in various imaging and reprographic systems.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.569-572
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• 2003

The majority of dyes belong to the chromophoric class known as donor-acceptor systems. The essential structural feature of such systems is the presence of one or more electron donating groups conjugated to one or more electron withdrawing groups via an unsaturated bridge. The pyrazolin-5-one system is an effective electron acceptor residue, and can also act as a weak electron donor. In our experiments, the various symmetrical and unsymmetrical H-chromophores were synthesized in the indoxyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-one, pyrazolin-5-one, and pyridin-2,6-dione residues, resulting in cross-conjugated donor-acceptor systems. And the visible light absorption was then associated with the migration of electron density from the donor region of the molecule to the acceptor region. Also, it was useful to prepare related non-cross-conjugated donor acceptor chromophores by combining these residues with other electron donor or acceptor moieties. For convenience such chromophores are referred to as merocyanines.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.172-179
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• 2001

In order to improve dye uptime and wash fastness on dyeing of cotton fabrics with Amur cork tree, twitter ionic groups, acid groups, hydrophobic groups or cross linkage were introduced into cotton fabrics. Results obtained were as follows, 1 The optimum modification of cotton fabrics was carbosy methylation in the water solution containing 15% sodium chloroacetate and 15% sodium hydroxide and then introducing hydrophobic groups by treating in the solution containing $30m\ell$ DMSO and $3m\ell$ 2,4-TDI 2. Numbers of carbon, diisocyanate group than monoisocyanate group and aromatic compound than aliphatic compound in introduced hydrophobic groups were effective. 3. The dye uptake and wash fastness wore enhanced significantly by treating only with 2,4-TDI. 4. The wash fastness seems to correlate to the degree of swelling of the fabric during washing and also depend on the Interaction between dyes and acid groups as well as hydrophobic groups.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.114-123
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• 2014

This research investigated the physical properties of PET coolness filaments and their knitted fabrics including dyeing characteristics of these knitted fabrics according to the different dyeing time and temperature. The coolness filament(S) with non-circular cross-section and hydrophilic property was spun and another commercialized coolness(A) and regular(R) PET filaments were prepared for comparing coolness and another physical properties. Qmax of coolness knitted fabric made with S filament was higher than that of R-PET filament, and the maximum value of Qmax of S knitted fabric was shown at the dyeing conditions of temperature, $110^{\circ}C$ with 30 min. or 40min. It was shown that hand of S knitted fabric was a little harsh comparing to A and regular knit specimens, but shape retention and wearing performance of garment made with S knit specimen were estimated as good owing to high bending and shear rigidity. K/S of S knitted fabric was higher than those of regular PET and A knit specimens. Dyeing fastness of coolness knitted fabric showed between 4th and 5th grade.