• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.739-745
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• 2011

The MUSLE was utilized in this study to estimate soil erosion using daily precipitation which was main influential factor in soil loss estimation. Various scenarios were simulated to evaluate how transition of slope, agricultural products and precipitation could affect soil loss in the field. It was found that slope was the most affecting factor in soil loss estimation. Especially 1.8 times the soil loss was expected with potato at 45% slope compared with codonopsis at same slope with MUSLE model. Fortunately, farmers had planted codonopsis at this slope to reduce soil erosion from this steep slope. As shown in this study, the MUSLE method could be utilized to determine optimum crop type for each field with various slope conditions to minimize soil erosion. This approach utilized in this study could be applied to other agricultural watersheds to evaluate various soil erosion conditions.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2020

농작물 재배에 있어 가장 큰 위험 요소는 날씨이므로 재배지의 장기 농업 기상정보를 얻을 수 있다면 정식과 수확 시기 등을 예측할 수 있다. 따라서 체계적인 농작업을 기획하여 관리할 수 있으며 이는 농가의 안정적인 수확으로 이어질 것으로 기대한다. 본 연구는 GloSea5와 기계학습을 이용하여 효과적인 고랭지배추의 재배를 위한 장기 농업기상정보 예측 방법을 제시하였다. GloSea5는 계절예측시스템으로 최대 240일까지의 기상을 예측한다. 심층신경망과 공간랜덤포레스트를 이용하여 장기 일 평균기온을 예측한 결과 심층신경망이 공간랜덤포레스트에 비해 장기예측성능이 우수하였다. 하지만 공간랜덤포레스트는 강원도 전역의 기온을 짧은 시간에 예측하는 장점이 있다. 공간랜덤포레스트로 분석한 결과 여름철과 해발고도가 낮은 지역의 장기 일 평균기온이 잘 예측되었다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2019

4차 산업혁명 시대를 맞아 산학협력의 역할과 기능에 대한 혁신적 변화가 요구됨에 따라, 본 연구에서는 산학협력의 현황과 정부의 지원사업을 진단하고, 해외 주요사례분석을 통하여 신산학협력 활성화 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 대학의 전반적인 산학협력 수준은 높아지고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 정부의 산학협력 지원사업은 양적으로는 충분하나, 부처별 중복지원 문제, 산학협력 지원의 양극화 등의 문제점이 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 해외 주요 대학의 특징은 지역산업과의 연계가 높다는 점이며, 대학이 적극적으로 창업생태계를 주도하고 있다는 점이다. 신산학협력 활성화 방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미래지향적 산학협력으로, 미래수요에 기반한 신교육과정 개설과 교육방식 혁신을 강화해야 한다. 둘째, 능동적 산학협력으로 창업교육 확대와 대학보유 자원을 기반으로 한 창업을 활성화해야 한다. 셋째, 지역혁신주체와의 적극적 협력으로 지역혁신의 앵커역할을 수행해야 하며. 수익 창출형 산학협력 모델을 개발하여 대학 재정에 기여할 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

The present study has aimed at analyzing the technical and scale efficiencies of credit utilization by the farmer-borrowers in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. DEA approach was followed to analyze the credit utilization efficiency and to analyze the factors influencing the credit utilization efficiency, log-linear regression analysis was attempted. DEA analysis revealed that, the number of farmers operating at CRS are more in number in marginal farms (40%) followed by other (35%) and small (17.5%) farms. Regarding the number of farmers operating at VRS, small farmers dominate the scenario with 72.5 per cent followed by other (67.5%) and marginal (42.5%) farmers. With reference to scale efficiency, marginal farmers are in majority (52.5%) followed by other (47.5%) and small (25%) farmers. At the pooled level, 26.7 per cent of the farmers are being operated at CRS, 63 per cent at VRS and 32.5 per cent of the farmers are either performed at the optimum scale or were close to the optimum scale (farms having scale efficiency values equal to or more than 0.90). Nearly 58, 15 and 28 percents of the farmers in the marginal farms category were found operating in the region of increasing, decreasing and constant returns respectively. Compared to marginal farmers category, there are less number of farmers operating at CRS both in small farmers category (15%) and other farmers category (22.5%). At the pooled level, only 5 per cent of the farmers are operating at DRS, majority of the farmers (73%) are operating at IRS and only 22 per cent of the farmers are operating at CRS indicating efficient utilization of credit. The log-linear regression model fitted to analyze the major determinants of credit utilization (technical) efficiency of farmer-borrowers revealed that, the three variables viz., cost of cultivation and family expenditure (both negatively influencing at 1% significant level) and family income (positively influencing at 1% significant level) are the major determinants of credit utilization efficiency across all the selected farmers categories and at pooled level. The analysis further indicate that, escalation in the cost of cultivation of crop enterprises in the region, rise in family expenditure and prior indebtedness of the farmers are showing adverse influence on the credit utilization efficiency of the farmer-borrowers.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2020

We estimated the spatio-temporally distributed soil moisture using Sentinel-1A/B SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) sensor images and soil moisture data assimilation technique in South Korea. Soil moisture data assimilation technique can extract the hydraulic parameters of soils using observed soil moisture and GA (Genetic Algorithm). The SWAP (Soil Water Atmosphere Plant) model associated with a soil moisture assimilation technique simulates the soil moisture using the soil hydraulic parameters and meteorological data as input data. The soil moisture based on Sentinel-1A/B was validated and evaluated using the pearson correlation and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) analysis between estimated soil moisture and TDR soil moisture. The soil moisture data assimilation technique derived the soil hydraulic parameters using Sentinel-1A/B based soil moisture images, ASOS (Automated Synoptic Observing System) weather data and TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)/GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) rainfall data. The derived soil hydrological parameters as the input data to SWAP were used to simulate the daily soil moisture values at the spatial domain from 2001 to 2018 using the TRMM/GPM satellite rainfall data. Overall, the simulated soil moisture estimates matched well with the TDR measurements and Sentinel-1A/B based soil moisture under various land surface conditions (bare soil, crop, forest, and urban).

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.625-632
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• 2015

Drought is a severe abiotic stress that affects global crop production. A drought model was created for 'Toyonoka' Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa, and the effects of drought stress on contents of proline, sugars, and antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated. Strawberry transplants with identical growth were chosen for the experiments and the randomized design included four replications (10 plants per block). The experimental sets differed in the moisture level of the culture medium relative to the range of moisture content as follows: control, 70-85%; mild drought stress, 50-60%; moderate drought stress, 40-50%; and severe drought stress, 30-40%. Drought stress was imposed by limiting irrigation. Plants were sampled and physiological parameters w ere measured on 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days after the commencement of droughts tress. The water potential of strawberry leaves decreased in the plants under mild, moderate, and severe stress during the course of the water stress treatment and exhibited a significant difference from the control. Strawberry leaves subjected to drought stress had higher accumulation of proline, sugars, and malondialdehyde, and higher activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase than leaves of control plants. Malondialdehyde levels increased in parallel with the severity and duration of drought stress. By contrast, antioxidant enzyme activity displayed dynamic responses to drought stress, first increasing and subsequently decreasing as the severity and duration of drought stress increased. These results suggest that strawberry plants respond to drought stress by altering the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of osmotically active metabolites. These biochemical response changes may confer adaptation to drought stress and improve the capacity of plants to withstand water-deficit conditions.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 항공 관측으로 얻어진 다중분광영상과 LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) 자료를 이용하여 농업지역의 토지피복 분류 정도를 분석하였다. 다중분광영상은 녹색, 적색, 근적외역의 3분광으로 이루어져 있다. LIDAR 벡터 자료로부터 최초 반사강도 영상과 최초 반사 표고 자료와 최후 반사의 지상 표고 자료의 차이로 산출된 식생 높이 영상이 얻어졌다. 토지피복 분류 방법은 최대우도법을 사용했으며, 다중분광영상의 3밴드 영상 LIDAR의 반사강도 영상, 식생 높이 영상을 이용하였다. 모든 영상을 이용한 토지피복 분류의 전체 정도는 85.6%로 다중분광영상만을 이용한 정도보다 10%이상 향상되었다. 여러 농작물간의 높이의 차이, 수목과 농작물 높이의 차이와 LIDAR 반사강도 차이로 인하여 다중분광영상과 LIDAR 영상을 사용한 토지피복 분류의 정도가 향상되었다.

• Entomological Research
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.533-539
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• 2018

The RNA interference (RNAi) has been considered as an important genetic tool and applied to develop a new living modified (LM) crop trait which is an improvement of nutrient quality or pest management. The RNAi of DvSnf7 has been used for resistance to LM maize and the Western Corn Rootworm which is a major agricultural pest for the US Corn Belt. Most of the environmental risk assessments (ERA) of double strand RNA (dsRNA) have been performed using in vitro transcript products, and not in vivo expressed product. A large amount of dsRNA was required for the acute toxicity assay of water fleas. Therefore development of massive dsRNA purification techniques is critical. Daphnia, a freshwater microcrustacean, is a model organism for studying cellular and molecular mechanism involved in life history traits and ecotoxicology. In this study, we established the massive dsRNA purification method using Escherichia coli and implemented acute toxicity assays to Daphnia magna. As a result, the present RNase A and DNase I, dsRNA was efficiently purified without any special techniques or equipment. Even though purified dsRNA existed during the acute toxicity test, lethality or abnormal behavior were not observed in D. magna. These results indicated that GFP and DvSnf7 dsRNA were not significantly affected to D. magna due to their lack of sequence matching in its genome. The purification method of dsRNA and the acute toxicity assay of water fleas using purified dsRNA would be suitable for the toxicological studies of LMOs to aquatic non-target organisms.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2019

본 연구는 부채마 70% 에탄올 추출물(DR)이 RBL-2H3 마스트 세포에서 항원에 의한 세포활성의 영향과 BALB/c 쥐에서 dinitrofluorobenzene에 의해 유도된 마스트 세포-매개 알레르기 접촉성피부염에 미치는 영향을 조사했다. DNP-HSA 항원과 Anti-DNP IgE 항체에 의해 활성 된 RBL-2H3 세포에서 에탄올 추출물은 급성 항원반응 표지인 ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase 분비와 히스타민 등을 억제하였고, 후기 항원반응 표지인 IL-4와 $TNF-{\alpha}$ 생성을 억압하였다. DNFB-유도 접촉성 알러지성 피부염 동물 모델에서 에탄올 추출물 처리는 귀 부기를 감소시키고 혈청 히스타민과 IL-4 분비를 억제시켰으며, DR 처리는 피부염 유발 부분에서 마스트 세포 유입을 효과적으로 방지하였다. 이러한 결과로, 에탄올 추출물은 아토피 피부염과 같은 마스트 세포-매개 알러지성 질병의 치료제로 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2013

Objectives : Asthma is a chronic, complex respiratory disease, caused by airway obstruction, airway eosinophilic inflammation(AEI), and airway hyperresponsiveness(AHR). This study was conducted to determine whether oral administration of crude water extracts of Pinellia ternate Breitenbach(PTB) has an antiasthmatic potential in the treatment of asthma in mice. Methods : Asthmatic AEI and AHR were induced by systemic sensitization to ovalbumin(OVA) by intratracheal instillation with 0.1 mg/mL suspension of diesel exhaust particles(DEP) once a week for 10 weeks in BALB/c mice. Crude PTB water extracts(50 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) were orally administered 5 times a week for 10 weeks. Cyclosporin(10 mg/kg) was administrered the same manner as a positive control. Results : Long-term treatment with crude PTB water extracts suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, into airways from blood. It also reduced asthmatic AEI and AHR by attenuating the increase in the levels of cytokines such as interleukin(IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF), as well as the levels of histamine and OVA-specific IgE in blood. However, the effect of crude PTB water extracts(200 mg/kg) was not likely to be stronger than that of cyclosporin(10 mg/kg). Conclusion : These results suggest that crude PTB water extracts have inhibitory effects on AEI and AHR in a mouse model of asthma and may act as a potential Th2 cytokine antagonist, and have a therapeutic effect on allergic asthma.