• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.190-195
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• 2010

Ileovesical fistula is a rare condition in children. A case of 13 year-old female with ileovesical fistula caused by an ingested foreign material is presented. She had dysuria and lower abdominal pain for one month. There was no history of medico-surgical illness such as Crohn's disease or diverticulitis. Preoperative imaging study showed a movable calcified object in the pelvic cavity and air bubbles in the bladder. At laparotomy a bezoar-like mass was found at the antimesenteric border of the terminal ileum adherent to the dome of bladder. Segmental resection of the ileum and partial cystectomy were performed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.373-376
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• 2018

만성 염증성 장질환인 크론병은 위장관 전체에서 발병할 수 있으며, 국내에서도 발병률이 증가하고 있다. 특히, 크론병은 다른 궤양성 대장질환과 유사한 증상을 보일 수 있어 크론병을 진단하는데 어려움이 있다. 이로 인해 크론병 진단 가이드라인이나 크론병과 유사한 증상을 보이는 질병 감별에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 하지만 기존 연구에는 크론병에 대한 절차적인 진단 과정이 기술되지 않아, 크론병 진단을 위한 검사 과정에서 과다한 검사가 시행될 우려가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 크론병과 유사한 증상을 보이는 궤양성 대장질환을 감별하기 위해 중복성 및 절차적인 연관성, 질병의 진단 조건을 분석하여 감별 규칙으로 정의하고, 이를 기반으로 크론병 진단 프로세스를 제안한다. 제안하는 프로세스를 체계적으로 정의하고 온톨로지로 시각화함으로써 크론병과 유사한 증상을 보이든 대장질환올 감별하고, 효과적으로 크론병을 진단하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 1998

Dextran-5-aminosalicylic acid ester (dextran-5-ASA) was synthesized as a colon-specific prodrug of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) which is active against inflammatory bowel diseases. Chemical stability of dextran-5-ASA in the bath of pH 1.2 or 6.8 was investigated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 6 hrs, and 5-ASA was not released on such conditions. Depolymerization (%) of dextran-5-ASA by dextranase with the degree of substitution (DS) of 18, 23, or 30 was 92, 62 or 45 in 8 hrs respectively, but was not affected by the MW of dextran (9,000, 40,600, 80,200 or 580,000). Distribution of 5-ASA in dextran, determined by gel filtration chromatography, appeared to be relatively uniform. Incubation of dextran-5-ASA (DS 18) in cecal contents of rats released 20% (28 g) and 35% (49 g) of 5-ASA in 8 hrs and 24 hrs, respectively, but no 5-ASA was liberated from small intestinal contents.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.174-178
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• 1998

As a new colon-specific prodrug of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), 5-aminosalicyl-glycine (5-ASA-Gly) was prepared by a simple synthetic route in good yield. Apparent partition coefficients of 5-ASA-Gly were lower than those of 5-ASA, which determined in$ CHCl_{3}$/pH 6.8 buffer or n-octanol/pH 6.8 buffer system. Stability of 5-ASA-Gly by peptidases was investigated by incubation of 5-ASA-Gly with the homogenates of tissue and contents of stomach, proximal small intestine or distal small intestine of rats at $37^{\circ}C$. 5-ASA was not detected, indicating that the prodrug was stable in the upper intestine. The amount of 5-ASA liberated from incubation of the prodrug in cecal or colonic contents of rats was about 65% or 27% in 8 hrs, respectively, which indicated that the prodrug activation took place more readily in the rat cecum whose bacterial counts are high like human colon. Results from in vitro experiments suggested 5-ASA-Gly as a promising candidate of a colon-specific prodrug of 5-ASA.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.245-249
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• 1999

Childhood intestinal tuberculosis is difficult to diagnose for its protean clinical manifestations, especially in cases without pulmonary involvement. Differential diagnosis with Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease and other malignancy is also important. Surgery has often been required for pathologic confirmation or therapy. Colonoscopy may be performed safely under consciousness sedation in children for bacteriologic and histopathologic confirmation of the biopsy specimen in addition to gross appearance of the lesion. We have experienced a case of intestinal tuberculosis presenting with chronic abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss and anemia in a 9 year old girl who was diagnosed by a colonoscopic examination and culture of the biopsy specimen from the ascending colon. The patient was managed with antituberculous drugs and recovered uneventfully.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.9-9
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• 2020

Many modern people are exposed to chronic inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), atopic dermatitis and immune disorder. Among those chronic diseases, the incidence ratio of IBD has been increased. IBD, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC), is known to cause abnormal inflammation in intestinal tissue. UC is accompanied by abdominal pain, bloody stool and diarrhea. Many therapeutic agents, such as sulfasalazine, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, have been used for treating UC. However, those agents have side-effects and temporary effects on UC. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of herbal medicine on UC and relationship between UC and intestinal bacteria according characteristic of herbal medicine. To determine the effect of herbal medicine on UC, various herbal medicine were chosen within oriental medicine category such as cheongyeol and onyeol medicine. In this study, we found carthami fructus, included in cheongyeol medicine, had stronger effect than onyeol medicine. Also, we determined influence of carthami fructus against lactic acid bacteria. Catthami fructus and lingon berry extracts affected the composition of mice intestinal bacteria in mice fecal. The symptoms of UC could be regulate by using herbal medicine, according to characteristic of herbal medicine. Also, herbal medicine might be change body condition to healthy by controlling intestinal bacteria composition. Herbal medicine characteristic could be a therapeutic agent by revealing relationship between intestinal bacteria and UC.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.5.1-5.12
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• 2019

Autophagy is a homeostatic mechanism that discards not only invading pathogens but also damaged organelles and denatured proteins via lysosomal degradation. Increasing evidence suggests a role for autophagy in inflammatory diseases, including infectious diseases, Crohn's disease, cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension. These studies suggest that modulating autophagy could be a novel therapeutic option for inflammatory diseases. Eosinophils are a major type of inflammatory cell that aggravates airway inflammatory diseases, particularly corticosteroid-resistant inflammation. The eosinophil count is a useful tool for assessing which patients may benefit from inhaled corticosteroid therapy. Recent studies demonstrate that autophagy plays a role in eosinophilic airway inflammatory diseases by promoting airway remodeling and loss of function. Genetic variant in the autophagy gene ATG5 is associated with asthma pathogenesis, and autophagy regulates apoptotic pathways in epithelial cells in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Moreover, autophagy dysfunction leads to severe inflammation, especially eosinophilic inflammation, in chronic rhinosinusitis. However, the mechanism underlying autophagy-mediated regulation of eosinophilic airway inflammation remains unclear. The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the role of autophagy in eosinophilic airway inflammation. We also suggest that autophagy may be a new therapeutic target for airway inflammation, including that mediated by eosinophils.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.60-67
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• 2021

Tumors of the small intestine are rare and generally asymptomatic or with nonspecific symptoms. The small intestine is difficult to approach using conventional endoscopy, and early diagnosis of the small intestinal tumors is difficult. Therefore, many of the small intestinal tumors are diagnosed at an advanced stage, which makes the prognosis poor. Premalignant lesions of the small intestine or known risk factors of small bowel cancer are sporadic adenoma, adenoma associated with familial adenomatous polyposis, hamartomatous polyp associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Crohn's disease, and celiac disease. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize that the small bowel cancer can occur in these patients with premalignant lesions or risk factors of small bowel cancer. To reduce the possibility of small bowel cancer or to detect at an earlier stage, attention should be paid to screening and surveillance of these patients with premalignant lesions or risk factors of the small bowel cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.520-535
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• 2023

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is not a single disease but a symptom and clinical manifestation of a broad spectrum of conditions in the GI tract. According to its clinical presentation, GI bleeding can be classified into overt, occult, and obscure types. Additionally, it can be divided into upper and lower GI bleeding based on the Treitz ligament. Variable disease entities, including vascular lesions, polyps, neoplasms, inflammation such as Crohn's disease, and heterotopic pancreatic or gastric tissue, can cause GI bleeding. CT and conventional angiographies and nuclear scintigraphy are all radiologic imaging modalities that can be used to evaluate overt bleeding. For the work-up of occult GI bleeding, CT enterography (CTE) can be the first imaging modality. For CTE, an adequate bowel distention is critical for obtaining acceptable diagnostic performance as well as minimizing false positives and negatives. Meckel's scintigraphy can be complementarily useful in cases where the diagnosis of CTE is suboptimal. For the evaluation of obscured GI bleeding, various imaging modalities can be used based on clinical status and providers' preferences.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3477-3482
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• 2014

Objective: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of extra-intestinal cancer, whereas its impact on cholangiocarcinoma (CC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to obtain a reliable estimate of the risk of CC in IBD patients through a meta-analysis of clinical observational studies. Methods: Relevant studies were retrieved by searching PUBMED, EMBASE and Web of Science Databases up to Dec 2013. Four population-based case-control and two cohort studies with IBD were identified. Summary relative risk (RR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Potential sources of heterogeneity were detected using subgroup analyses. Results: The pooled risk estimate indicated IBD patients were at increased risk of CC (RR = 2.63, 95%CI = 1.47-4.72). Moreover, the increased risk of CC was also associated with Crohn's disease (RR = 2.69, 95%CI = 1.59-4.55) and ulcerative colitis (RR = 3.40, 95%CI = 2.50-4.62). In addition, site-specific analyses revealed that IBD patients had an increased risk of intrahepatic CC (ICC) (RR = 2.61, 95%CI = 1.72-3.95) and extrahepatic CC (ECC) (RR = 1.47, 95%CI = 1.10-1.97). Conclusions: This study suggests the risk of CC is significantly increased among IBD patients, especially in ICC cases. Further studies are warranted to enable definite conclusions to be drawn.