• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2013

Maintaining connectivity is essential in multi-hop wireless networks since the network topology cannot be pre-determined due to mobility and environmental effects. To maintain the connectivity, a critical point in the network topology should be identified where the critical point is the link or node that partitions the network when it fails. In this paper, we propose a new critical point identification algorithm and also present numerical results that compare the critical points of the network and H-hop sub-network illustrating how effectively sub-network information can detect the network-wide critical points. Then, we propose two localized topological control resilient schemes that can be applied to both global and local H-hop sub-network critical points to improve the network connectivity and the network resilience. Numerical studies to evaluate the proposed schemes under node and link failure network conditions show that our proposed resilient schemes increase the probability of the network being connected in variety of link and node failure conditions.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2001

Our experimental research focuses on manipulating pinning deflects to alter the phase diagram of vortex matter, creating new vortex phases. Vortex matter offers a unique opportunity for creating and studying these novel phase transitions through precise control of thermal, pinning and elastic energies. The vortex melting transition in untwinned YB $a_2$C $u_3$ $O_{7-}$ $\delta$/ crystals is investigated in the presence of disorder induced by particle irradiation. We focus on the low disorder regime, where a glassy state and a lattice state can be realized in the same phase diagram. We follow the evolution of the first order vortex melting transition line into a continuous transition line as disorder is increased by irradiation. The transformation is marked by an upward shift in the lower critical point on the melting line. With columnar deflects induced by heavy ion irradiation, we find a second order Bose glass transition line separating the vortex liquid from a Bose glass below the lower critical point. Furthermore, we find an upper threshold of columnar defect concentration beyond which the lower critical point and the first order melting line disappear together. With point deflect clusters induced by proton irradiation, we find evidence for a continuous thermodynamic transition below the lower critical point..

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2001

To ensure the safety of domestic livestock products, the government made it obligatory to enforce the hazard analysis critical control point(HACCP) in all domestic slaughterhouses. Under the HACCP, most of the hazards generated in slaughterhouses are bio-hazards, especially pathogenic bacteria. In order to reduce to the pathogenic bacteria, critical control point (CCP) is established and controled in the process of slaughter. A study was carried out to measure the level of bacterial contamination of swine carcass in 6 slaughterhouses selected. As a result, the aerobic plate counts(cfu/$\textrm{cm}^2$) of all samples was $10^2$-10 in average, except slaughterhouse C. The level of the aerobic plate counts on the surface of lower loin in slaughterhouse C was $10^4$ and it was considered that slaughterhouse C should set the process of manual transport of carcass as the CCP. Escherichia coli level was the highest in middle line cut surface. Especially, E coli level of slaughterhouses C and D were about 6.5- and 3.0-fold higher than that of other 4 slaughterhouses. Thus, it was considered that the slaughterhouses C and D should set the process of the entrails treatment as the CCP. The air contamination was measured at two point in a slaughterhouse. The air contamination level was 4-13 times higher than that of the standard Japanese slaughterhouses.

• 영어영문학
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.25-37
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• 2018

The turning point is one of the more evocative concepts in the critic's arsenal, as it is equally suited to the evaluation and analysis of a given moment in one's day as to those of a historical event. But how does one recognize a turning point? As we find ourselves always "in the middest," both spatially and temporally, we inhabit sites that may be points at which many things may be seen to turn. Indeed, it is usually only possible to identify a turning point, as it were, from a distance, from the remove of space and time which allows for a sense of recognition, based in part on original context and in part of perceived effects. In this article, Robert T. Tally Jr. argues that the apprehension and interpretation of a turning point involves a fundamentally critical activity. Examining three models by which to understand the concept of the turning point-the swerve, the trope, and peripety (or the dialectical reversal)-Tally demonstrates how each represents a different way of seeing the turning point and its effects. Thus, the swerve is associated with a point of departure for a critical project; the trope is connected to continuous and sustained critical activity in the moment, and peripety enables a retrospective vision that, in turn, inform future research. Tally argues for the significance of the turning point in literary and cultural theory, and concludes that the identification, analysis, and interpretation of turning points is crucial to the project of criticism today.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.498-503
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• 2021

목적: 컴퓨터 단층 촬영 영상을 이용하여 한국인에서 상완골 근위부 골절 치료에 적용되는 직선형 전향적 상완골 골수 내 금속정의 이상적 삽입점 위치를 알아보고 해부학적 적합성을 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2014년 5월부터 2016년 10월까지 견관절 외상으로 컴퓨터 단층 촬영을 시행한 환자 중 건측 견관절을 동시에 촬영한 한국인 74예를 대상으로 하였으며, 평균 나이는 64.5세(범위, 22-95세)였다. 영상의학적 평가는 건측 근위 상완골의 컴퓨터 단층 촬영 영상을 이용하여 다면 재구성(multiplanar reconstruction) 기법을 이용하였다. 직선형 골수정의 이상적 삽입점은 상완골 골수강 내 중심축과 상완골두가 만나는 점으로 선정하였으며 삽입점과 국소 해부학적 위치와의 거리를 측정하였다. 삽입점에서 극상건 부착부의 가장 내측까지의 관상면상 거리를 임계거리(critical distance)로 정의하고 이를 이용하여 삽입점과 회전근개 부착부와의 근접성을 평가하였다. 회전근개의 손상을 피하고 충분한 고정력을 얻기 위한 임계거리는 Euler 등이 제시한 대로 8mm 이상 확보 되어야 하며, 8 mm 미만인 경우를 위험형(critical type)으로 정의하였다. 임계거리와 성별, 나이, 키, 몸무게, 신체용적지수(body mass index)와의 통계적 유의성을 확인하였다. 결과: 이 연구에서 이상적인 삽입점의 위치는 이두구 외측연에서 시상면상 거리인 전후 거리는 평균 11.5 mm (범위, 4.0-16.6), 대결절의 가장 외측연에서 관상면상 거리인 내외 거리는 평균 20.5 mm (범위, 16.3-27.4)였다. 이상적 삽입점에서 극상건 부착부의 가장 내측까지의 관상면상 거리인 임계거리는 평균 8.0 mm (범위, 4.1-16.6)이며, 임계거리가 8 mm 미만인 위험형(critical type)ㅏ이은 74예 중 41예(55.4%)였다. 결론: 한국인에서 직선형 전향적 상완골 골수 내 금속정의 사용시, 상완 이두구의 외측연에서 후방으로 11.5 mm, 대결절 외측연에서 내측으로 20.5 mm 지점이 평균적인 이상적 삽입점의 위치였다. 하지만 55.4%의 경우에서 이상적 삽입점의 위치로 삽입할 경우 회전근개의 손상을 줄 수 있는 위험형(critical type)이였으므로, 술 전 치료방법의 선택 과정에서 환자 개개인의 해부학적 특성을 충분히 고려하여야 한다.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.419-428
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• 2009

We show the existence of at least one nontrivial solution of the homogeneous mixed type nonlinear elliptic problem. Here mixed type nonlinearity means that the nonlinear part contain the jumping nonlinearity and the critical growth nonlinearity. We first investigate the sub-level sets of the corresponding functional in the Soboles space and the linking inequalities of the functional on the sub-level sets. We next investigate that the functional I satisfies the mountain pass geometry in the critical point theory. We obtain the result by the mountain pass method, the critical point theory and variational method.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1756-1766
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• 2003

Numerical modeling is carried out to investigate forced convective heat transfer to near-critical water in developing laminar flow through a circular tube. Due to large variations of thermo-physical properties such as density, specific heat, viscosity, and thermal conductivity near thermodynamic critical point, heat transfer characteristics show quite different behavior compared with pure forced convection. With flow acceleration along the tube unusual behavior of heat transfer coefficient and friction factor occurs when the fluid enthalpy passes through pseudocritical point of pressure in the tube. There is also a transition behavior from liquid-like phase to gas-like phase in the developing region. Numerical results with constant heat flux boundary conditions are obtained for reduced pressures from 1.09 to 1.99. Graphical results for velocity, temperature, and heat transfer coefficient with Stanton number are presented and analyzed.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.311-319
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• 2009

Let H be a Hilbert space which is the direct sum of five closed subspaces $X_0,\;X_1,\;X_2,\;X_3$ and $X_4$ with $X_1,\;X_2,\;X_3$ of finite dimension. Let J be a $C^{1,1}$ functional defined on H with J(0) = 0. We show the existence of at least four nontrivial critical points when the sublevels of J (the torus with three holes and sphere) link and the functional J satisfies sup-inf variational inequality on the linking subspaces, and the functional J satisfies $(P.S.)^*_c$ condition and $f|X_0{\otimes}X_4$ has no critical point with level c. For the proof of main theorem we use the nonsmooth version of the classical deformation lemma and the limit relative category theory.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권12호
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• pp.2285-2290
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• 2008

Even though efficiency of coal-fired power plant is proportional to operating temperature, increasement of operating temperature is limited by a technological level of each power plant component. It is an alternative plan to increase operating pressure up to ultra super critical point for efficiency enhancement. It is difficult to control process of power plant in ultra super critical point because that point has highly nonlinear characteristics. In this paper, new control logic, Unit Response Optimizer Controller(URO Controller) which is based on Fuzzy logic and Model Predictive Controller, is introduced for better performance. Then its performance is tested and analyzed with design guideline.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.713-726
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• 2016

This study were attempted to apply the HACCP system adopted in the dried anchovy workplace to ensure the hygiene safety of dried anchovy workplace. In this study, HACCP system procedures, including HACCP team organization, determination of critical control point(CCP), establishment of critical limits, mornitering and verification etc., were established using KFDA 12 procedures. To determine whether hazards were critical elements, we evaluated the likelihood and seriousness of each hazard element. The likelihood of residual microorganism and metal piece exceeding the acceptable limit in dried anchovy products were demonstrated to be a critical hazard element. Management of the boiling(CCP-1B) and metal detection(CCP-2P) were determined to be a critical control point. The standards for acceptable residual microorganism and metal piece were set based on relevant laws and regulations, and then the limits were adapted and established for the CCP. An HACCP plan applicable to dried anchovy workplace was established.