• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.438-442
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• 2009

Voltage instability is a phenomenon that could occur in power systems due to stressed conditions. The result would be an occurrence of voltage collapse leading to total blackout of the system. Therefore, voltage collapse prediction is an important part of power system planning and operation, and can help ensure that voltage collapse due to voltage instability is avoided. Line outages in power systems may also cause voltage collapse, thereby implying the contingency in the system. Contingency problems caused by line outages have been identified as one of the main causes of voltage instability in power systems. This paper presents a new technique for contingency ranking based on voltage stability conditions in power systems. A new line stability index was formulated and used to identify the critical line outages and sensitive lines in the system. Line outage contingency ranking was performed on several loading conditions in order to identify the effect of an increase in loading to critical line outages. Correlation studies on the results obtained from contingency ranking and voltage stability analysis were also conducted, and it was found that line outages in weak lines would cause voltage instability conditions in a system. Subsequently, using the results from the contingency ranking, weak areas in the system can be identified. The proposed contingency ranking technique was tested on the IEEE reliability test system.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.806-807
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• 2007

Systematic studies on the dispatch scheduling algorithm and related constraints can enhance the effectiveness of electricity market operation. When System Operator (SO) establishes a dispatch schedule, the bid information should be preserved in the schedule as much as possible. In this paper, we introduce a new type of sensitivity factor called Line Outage Impact Factor (LOIF) to screen a transmission line causing the most severe outage when scheduling the dispatch. This screening can assure the stable system operation and make an efficient feedback between the SO and market participants. We propose a transmission line contingency constrained Pre-dispatch algorithm using sensitivity indices in a suitable Pre-dispatch scheduling. The proposed algorithm has been tested on sample system and the results show more secure operation against critical contingencies.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.487-490
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• 2001

Power Quality and Reliability are becoming important issues for critical and sensitive loads. This paper describes the Line Interactive UPS with the function of Voltage Compensator that is 'Line interactive Dynamic Voltage Restorer(LIDVR). The main purpose of a LIDVR is to compensate for voltage sag(dip), outage and overvoltage. The overall system consists of three controller 1) current controller with prediction 2) voltage controller and 3) proposed variable DC LINK controller. The variable DC LINK control technique using the LIDVR protects DC LINK from overflowing the input current. The simulation results are depicted in this paper to show the effect of this proposed system.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1769-1777
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• 2018

This paper proposes a method for optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) considering system configuration and its attributes during the planning phase of PMU deployment. Each bus of the system is assessed on four diverse attributes; namely, redundancy of measurements, rotor angle and frequency monitoring of generator buses, reactive power deficiency, and maximum loading limit under transmission line outage contingency, and a consolidated 'degree of criticality' is determined using Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The major contribution of the proposed work is the development of modified objective function which incorporates values of the degree of criticality of buses. The problem is formulated as maximization of the aggregate degree of criticality of the system. The resultant PMU configuration extends complete observability of the system and majority of the PMUs are located on critical buses. As budgetary restrictions on utilities may not allow installation PMUs even at optimal locations in a single phase, multi-horizon deployment of PMUs is also addressed. The proposed approach is tested on IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus, New England (NE) 39-bus, IEEE 57-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems and compared with some existing methods.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.513-522
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• 2013

The ODSCC detected in the TSP position of Ulchin 3&4 SGs are typical ODSCC of Alloy 600MA tubes. The causative chemical environment is formed by concentration of impurities inside the occluded region formed by the tube surface, egg crate strips, and sludge deposit there. Most cracks are detected at or near the line contacts between the tube surface and the egg crate strips. The region of dense crack population, as defined as between $4^{th}$ and $9^{th}$ TSPs, and near the center of hot leg hemisphere plane, coincided well with the region of preferential sludge deposition as defined by thermal hydraulics calculation using SGAP computer code. The cracks developed homogeneously in a wide range of SGs, so that the number of cracks detected each outage increased very rapidly since the first detection in the $8^{th}$ refueling outage. The root cause assessment focused on investigation of the difference in microstructure and manufacturing residual stress in order to reveal the cause of different susceptibilities to ODSCC among identical six units. The manufacturing residual stress as measured by XRD on OD surface and by split tube method indicated that the high residual stress of Alloy 600MA tube played a critical role in developing ODSCC. The level of residual stress showed substantial variations among the six units depending on details of straightening and OD grinding processes. Youngwang 3&4 tubes are less susceptible to ODSCC than U3 and U4 tubes because semi-continuous coarse chromium carbides are formed along the grain boundary of Y3&4 tubes, while there are finer less continuous chromium carbides in U3 and U4. The different carbide morphology is caused by the difference in cooling rate after mill anneal. There is a possibility that high chromium content in the Y3&4 tubes, still within the allowable range of Alloy 600, has made some contribution to the improved resistance to ODSCC. It is anticipated that ODSCC in Y5&6 SGs will be retarded more considerably than U3 SGs since the manufacturing residual stress in Y5&6 tubes is substantially lower than in U3 tubes, while the microstructure is similar with each other.