• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.445-458
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop indicators for assessing korean youth lifelong learning competency and to validate the structure of the competencies. To achieve this research aims, the indicators for assessing life-long learning competence were drawn by systemic literature review and they were validated and modified by expert review method and two surveys targeting youth. 28 youth experts participated in the expert review. Participants were 333 middle or high school students for the first survey and 791 middle or high school students for the second survey. As results, the 3 competencies and nine sub-competencies were developed: thinking(wholistic thinking, critical thinking, emotional thinking), intellectual tools use(language, mathematic and science, information and communication technology), learning adaptability(change capacity, intellectual curiosity, learning-direction). The results of this study will provide the fundamental guidelines for developing various activities and establishing youth policies related to korean youth life-long learning competency.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.647-659
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• 1997

To overcome the difficulties of collecting and culture of primary cell from genital tract on embryonic development, the present study was carried out to investigate the critical effect of cell lines, such as BRL and Vero cell and its conditioned medium on the development of early Korean native cattle embryos in vitro. Oocytes collected from slaughterhouse ovaries were matured in TCM199 containing FSH, estradiol-$17{\beta}$ and FBS with granulosa cell monolayer for 24 hours and then fertilized in vitro using frozen-thawed, heparin-treated spermatozoa in TALP for 30 hours. And then early embryos (1-2cell) were cultured in TCM199 containing 10% FBS with BOEC, Granulosa, BRL, Vera cell monolayers and conditioned medium for 2~3 days. Development to morulae and blastocysts were recorded, also examined the number of blastomeres presented a valuable parameter for the evaluation of embryonic development. The early cleavage rates of in vitro fertilized embryos co-cultured, there was no differences between primary cell and cell lines(p<0.05). The rate of development to the later stage, coculture of BRL cell was significantly higher than that of the primary cell(p<0.05). The rates of development to morula and blastocyst were significantly higher in vero cell than BRL, Granulosa, Oviduct epithelial cell conditioned medium. In the result of effect of serum on development of early bovine embryos, the use of media containing serum were significantly higher than the use of not containing one on development of early and later stage of embryos. The result of number of blastomeres in blastocysts, there is no differences between primary cell and cell lines. The blastocysts from coculture were higher than from conditioned medium in blastomere cells. In summary, these experments have proved that the culture system in TCM199 with BRL, Vero cell monolayers is effective on in vitro development of early bovine embryos, In addition, it is effective to development of bovine embryos that containing serum in conditioned medium, or in co-culture rather than in conditioned medium alone. The use of cell lines opponent to primary cells is effective in bovine embryo culture.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.59-68
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• 2001

The design on magazine advertisement has been developed and investigated in various fields, but the matter of properties has been inattentive in advertisement. Therefore, this study is to clarify the role of advertisement properties and the application tendency of it through the case study of the magazines for woman in Korea, and to analyze the relationship among the characteristic of manufactured goods for advertising, visual effects, copy-writing and the advertisement properties. The results of the study are as follows ; 1 . It is important to choose the discriminative property compared to the competitive company and to consider the purpose of advertisement from the beginning of idea developing. 2. Leading the photo artist to the photo working corresponding to the purpose of advertisement is critical point in advertisement design process. 3. After the photographing, it should be investigated from the designer's point of view. The presentation strategies on the application of advertisement properties are as follows, ·Conform the subject of advertisement massage. ·Choose the advertisement properties considered the relationship between manufactured goods for advertising and properties. ·Consider the properties as the supporting tool in bringing manufactured goods for advertising into relief. The pertinent application of advertisement properties is able to attract public attention and to increase the worthy of advertisement. Therefore, the prudent trial and experiment on it is needed.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.103-116
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• 2003

As the globalization become the main stream in our world, there is no exception also on the cultural section. And we are En the midst of this rapid transition. In the case of advertising market, we opened to those agencies in abroad in the early year of 1990 and now completely opened. On this thesis, the multinational corporation advertising was studied and researched by empirical case study. The main topic is the value expression in the advertising creativity viewed on the cultural level. The multinational corporations that have an eminent, powerful brands produces much of goods wend widely with their powerful brands and extend their marketing activities to abroad. For example, those non-alcoholic beverages, pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, electronic appliances, vehicles, sports shoes, clothes are their main exports, and they broaden the product category, market size to the global market. They also use an expert marketing skill accumulated for a long time. The advertising activities is one of the useful method to extend their global market abroad enhacing continuously brand value. And much of the multinational corporation's advertising are suspected of negative effects that advertisements works on a tool which curies so called uniformed ideology - various ruling ideology - with commercial messages. These advertising affect an developing country's moral value, life style, social value, and others. And they weaken those developing country's unique tradition, culture by putting their own ideology. Those who have a critical position on the advertising activities have been careful in judging it's effects. The result of this study which of the value system is expressed in the multinational corporation's advertisements are; First, the self - esteem value is classified by western value, and it was founded out much more in the domestic corporation's advertisements then multinational ones. Second, the security value system is classified by western value system, and it's outcome was much the same as former one. Consequently, the multinational corporation's advertisements have less of an western value expression relative to korean advertisements. Those outcomes may infer that the multinational corporations prefer to an compromise creative strategy in korea for avoiding cultural conflicts.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2008

With the shift of consumer’s spending behaviors further into emotionally-driven purchases, the role of brand is becoming even more important, which in turn, expands design’s role in the brand image strategy. The contact point between the consumers and the brand is the primary channel for building strong brand image through experience. Therefore, it is critical to comprehensively plan and manage the consumer contact point for any brand. Given the changing market conditions, the objective of this study is to define and structure an integrated design development and management system for building successful brand image. In order to do so, the research analyzed the characters of brand image, the conditions for consumer experience and the roles of emotion. The analysis into the correlation between images and emotion process model yields three natures of an image. The image 1) is based on empirical decisions, 2) expresses and conveys emotional aspects and 3) builds mental values through a sense of sympathy. Through case studies of successful designs that meet all three characteristics, the roles of a brand icon in building strong brand image and the needs for integrated design approach for implementation are defined. The methods for integrated design include 1) providing a focal point through brand image positioning, 2) utilizing visual themes based on brand image plot, 3) building a Total Identity Program to holistically manage brand images and 4) developing brand icons for brand image reinforcement.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.15-30
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• 2019

The reduction of traffic accidents is a primary potential benefit of autonomous vehicles (AVs). However, the prevalence of AVs also arouses a key question: to what extent should a human wrest control back from AVs? Specifically, in an unavoidable situation of emergency, should an AV be able to decide between the safety of its own passengers and endangered pedestrians? Should AV programming include well-accepted decision rules about actionsto take in hypothetical situations? The current study (N = 103) examined individual/situational variables that could perform critical decision-making roles in AV related traffic accidents. The individual variable of attitudes toward AVs was assessed using the Self-driving Car Acceptance Scale. To investigate situational influences on decisional processes, the study's participants were assigned to one of two groups: the achievement value was activated in one group and the benevolence value was triggered in the other through the use of a sentence completion task. Thereafter, participants were required to indicate who should be protected from injury: the passengers of the concerned AV, or endangered pedestrians. Participants were also asked to record the extent to which they intended to buy an AV programmed to decide in favor of the greater good according to Utilitarian principles. The results suggested that participants in the "achievement value: driver perspective" groupexpressed the lowest willingness to sacrifice themselves to save several pedestrians in an unavoidable traffic accident. This group of participants was also the most reluctant to buy an AV programmed with utilitarian rules, even though there were significant positive relationships between members' acceptance of AVs and their expressed intention to purchase one. These findings highlight the role of the decisional processes involved in the "achievement value" pertaining to AVs. The paper finally records the limitations of the present study and suggests directions for future research.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2004

Distraction osteogenesis(DO) is defined as a gradual mechanical process of mechanical stretching two vascularized bone surface apart with a critical rate and rhythm such that new bone forms within the expanding gap, reliably bridges the gap, and ultimately remodels to normal structure. DO has become a mainstay in bone tissue engineering and has significantly improved our armamentarium for reconstructive craniomaxillofacial procedures. But the molecular and biological mechanisms that regulate the formation of new bone during distraction osteogenesis are not completely understood. BMPs are potent osteoinductive agents. Our hypothesis was that BMPs, especially BMP-2 and BMP-4, might play an importent role in the signaling pathways that link the mechanical forces created by distraction to biological responses and in promting new bone formation. Using a rabbit's mandible, we investigated the expression of BMP-2, -4 at different time points during distraction osteogenesis. The purpose of this study is to research the pattern of expression of BMP-2, -4 in new bone formation during distraction osteogenesis of the rabbit mandible. The experimental group was applied gradual distraction (0.7mm a day by twice a day, 4.9mm in total, for 7 days) and the control group was carried out osteotomy alone. They were examined clinically, histologically, and by RT-PCR analysis. On 3 days after osteotomy, the high level of expression of BMP-2, -4 was detected. But, the expression of BMP-4 was decreased during latency period. As distraction was started, its expression was increased and maintained till postoperative 28days. In control group, the expression of BMP-4was remarkably decreased till postoperative 14 days. On the other hand, the expression of BMP-2 was no difference between experimental group and control group. The expression of BMP-4 was maintanined at high level during the entire experimental period in both group. These findings suggested that excellent bone formation during distraction osteogenesis is associated with enhanced expression of BMP-4 genes by mechanical tension stress.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.96-104
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• 2014

Purpose: Nurse educators can use film effectively to promote nursing students' motivation and indirect experiences. The purpose of this study was to develop a teaching-learning design using films based on Kolb's experiential learning model for understanding of child growth and development, and to evaluate students' satisfaction with cinenurducation according to learning type and content. Methods: Participants were seventy-four first year nursing students in the spring semester of 2013 at a private university located in Busan. In each class, participants watched film, participated in peer-to-group discussion and an educator's lecture, and wrote a composition based on Kolb's four learning stages. After class, participants filled out a questionnaire developed by the researchers. Results: Results showed a high satisfaction with cinenurducation regardless of learning type and content concerning child growth and development. Advantages of cinenurducation included it being "fun and interesting," "helpful to understand the characteristics of children," and "develop critical thinking through discussions." Disadvantages included "length of time needed," and "burdensome." Conclusion: Films are advantageous in that they provide indirect experience for nursing students. Selection of appropriate films and evaluation of learning goal achievements are important to maximize the effectiveness of cinenurducation.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.35
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• pp.85-105
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• 1998

This article examined the trend of 125 empirical researches which were published in Jr. of Korean Social Welfare from the first issue to no. 33. in terms of theoretical and methodological orientations. The content analysis was employed for the purpose of the study. Since 1979, the number of empirical researches was in the trend of increasing. The findings from this research were as follows. 1) Among 166 authors, 96.4% were majored in social welfare. Also 6.0% were practitioners and the rest of them were in the position of professors or researchers. The outcome of lack of interdisciplinary co-work and researcher-practitioner co-work led the article to conclude that the nature of applied social science of social welfare was not so actively pursued in Korea. 2) It was almost impossible to find researches which studied same theme or employed same analytical framework. This meant that the work of re-verifying and proving the contray could not be done although it was essential for theory-building. In other words, the disciplinary of social welfare was far behind in the process of theory-building. 3) The methodology upon which most of researches were relied was quantitative methodology(92.8%). The article concluded 'paradigm shift' was not begun in the disciplinary of social welfare yet. 4) The study concluded that the particularity of empirical researches of social welfare in Korea was descriptive-configurative study. Whereas 65.5% of 125 empirical studies were descriptive-configurative, 25% were hypothesis - model test and only 6% causal analysis. 5) The most applied statistic models through the period from 1979 to 1997 were descriptive statistics such as frequency, chi square test, Pearson's r. More advanced statistics such as logit regression, probit regression, path analysis, covariance structure analysis were shown since 1990.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.109-126
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• 2017

Designing cost-effective service recovery strategies mix has been recognized one of important issues by both service researchers and practitioners. In spite of the rising interest in them, there has been scarce studies on them. In this paper, we try to find cost-effective service recovery strategies mix via game-theoretic modeling. Especially, we focus on the possible incentives such as voucher type reward and service re-performance which have different cost structure. We investigated three questions about the topics as follows:(1) Should the service firm use the possible incentive scheme such as voucher and service re-performance for service recovery?, (2) How much voucher and service re-performance is adequate for service recovery under diverse service failure severity level?, (3) How much voucher and service re-performance is adequate for service recovery under diverse threshold level to make the customer repurchase? The results are as follows:(1) The use of both voucher and service re-performance for service recovery results in greater surplus for the service firm. (2) The higher gets the service failure severity level, the higher total incentives are required in the equilibrium. As service failure severity level gets higher, higher level of discount might be more useful to the service firm. However, service re-performance should be cut down above some critical level of service failure severity in the equilibrium. (3) The higher gets the threshold level to make the customer repurchase, the higher incentives are required in the equilibrium, and the higher portion of voucher incentive is required relative to that of service re-performance in the equilibrium.