• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.64-75
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was designed to construct and test structural equation modeling on healthy menopausal transition in middle-aged women in order to identify variables affecting healthy menopausal transition. Methods: Participants, 276 women, 45 to 60 years of age, with menopausal symptom score higher than 5 on the Korean version of Menopause Rating Scale, were recruited in three cities and one county of Gyeongnam Province. Research data were collected via questionnaires and analysed using SPSS version 18.0 and AMOS version 20.0. Results: After confirmatory factor analysis, one of the observed variables was excluded due to relatively low factor loading. The model fit indices for the hypothetical model were suitable for the recommended level: GFI=.93, CFI=.92, RMSEA=.05. Self-efficacy, self-differentiation, and menopausal symptoms explained 67.7% of variance in menopausal transition, and self-differentiation was the most influential factor for menopausal transition. Self efficacy and menopausal symptoms explained 9.6% of variance in menopausal management, although "menopausal symptoms" was not significant. Conclusion: These results suggest that nursing interventions to improve self-differentiation, self efficacy, menopausal management and decrease menopausal symptoms are critical for healthy menopausal transition in middle-aged women. Continued development of a variety of community-based nursing interventions to facilitate healthy menopausal transition is suggested.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.419-431
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and establish the psychometric properties of a clinical nursing competency evaluation tool to be utilized by clinical preceptors. Methods: The initial items were identified through in-depth literature review and field interviews based on a hybrid model. Content validation of the items was evaluated through three rounds of content validity testing. Participants were 34 clinical preceptors and 443 nursing students participating in clinical practice. Data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergence and discriminant validity, internal consistency and inter-rater reliability. Results: The final scale consisted of 23 items and four factors, fundamental nursing skills performance, critical thinking skills based on the nursing process, basic nursing knowledge, and professional attitude; these factor explained 69.7% of the total variance. The analysis with multi-trait/multi-item matrix correlation coefficients yielded 100.0% and 95.7 % convergence and discriminant validity, respectively. Cronbach's alpha for the total items was .95. The four subscale model tested by confirmatory factor analysis was satisfactory. Inter-rater reliability ranged from .912 to .967. Conclusion: This scale was found to be a reliable and valid instrument that clinical preceptors can apply for evaluating the clinical nursing competency of nursing students in clinical settings.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2009

This paper presents a comparative study of reinforced soil slope by using LEM and SSR-FEM. Current analysis methods for reinforced soil wall are based on LEM. SSR-FEM assumes a reduction of soil strength by a factor to reach a critical state prior to failure based on continuum mechanics. In this study the comparisons are concerned with the factor of safety and the potential failure surface in reinforced soil wall. We investigated the stability of the reinforced soil wall with a slope of $60^{\circ}$ by LEM and SSR-FEM. The comparisons indicated good performance of the SSR-FEM on stability analysis of reinforce soil wall.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.117-131
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop a critical pathway for case management for patients who have received Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) because of Ischemic Heart Disease(IHD) which is a factor of rising medical expenses. For this study. a conceptual framework was developed through a review of the literature including six critical pathways which are currently being used in USA. In order to identify the overall service contents required by these patients and to draw up a preliminary critical pathway, 30 cases of medical records of patients who had CABG because of IHD between January, 1995 to June. 1996 at the Cardiovascular Center of Yonsei Medical Center in Seoul were analyzed. An expert validity test was done for the preliminary critical pathway and clinical validity test was also done using seven IHD patients with CABG between November 11 and 23, 1996. After these processes. the final critical pathway was developed. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. The vertical axis of the critical pathway includes the following eight items : tests, nutrition, medications, consultations, activity, assessments, treatments, education discharge planning and the horizontal axis includes the time from the start of hospitalization to discharge. 2. Analysis of the 30 medical records indicated that the average length of stay was 20.2days with the average length of stay from hospitalization day to operation day being 6.2 days, and the average length of stay from operation day to discharge day was 13. 9 days. Analysis of the service contents showed that the horizontal axis of the preliminary critical pathway was set from hospitalization to the 14th post operation day and the vertical axis was set to include eight items, the contents which ought to have occurred, according to the time frames of the horizontal axis. 3. As a result of the experts validity, it was found that among the total of 571 items. there was over 83% agreement for 482 items, less than 83% for 89 items, which were then deleted and a revision of the critical pathway was done. 4. A clinical validity test was done using seven IHD patients with CABG. During the process, three patients were deleted because they were out of the criteria the investigator set. Finally, four patients were used. The result of study indicated that only one patient was discharged on the tenth post operation day, which was one day later than the expected day. Three patients were discharged later than the expected day from three days to nine days. All the cases progressed on schedule until the operation day and the first post operation day, but from the second post operation days, there were differences between the critical pathway and the actual practice. The differences came from tests, assessments, and treatments. 5. On the basis of the results of the clinical validity test. the following revisions in the final critical pathway were made : the transfer from ICU to step down ward would be the second post operation day, and the transfer to a general ward, the fifth post operation day, for patients who complained of lack of sleep from the fifth post operation day to discharge, a sleeping pill would be prescribed, skin observations would be performed routinely from immediately after the operation until the third post operation day, and would continue if there was a sign of skin injury on the fourth post operation day, and assessment of chest pain would be done from the third post operation day, and the “stairs climbing” item, expected to be done on the ninth post operation day would be deleted. In conclusion, this critical pathway is partially applicable to the care of patients with CABG but there are some parts needed to be further investigated.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.531-536
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• 2014

There are trapping and stripping methods as the technique to remove the dither motion from RLG(Ring Laser Gyro) output. V/F converter output of angular sensor to measure the dither motion is used in stripping method. But bias and scale factor error is always included in V/F converter output and is a critical limiting factor for the wide application of stripping method to RLG. Therefore there have been many researches to solve this problem. The method to accurately estimate the bias and scale factor error of V/F converter using measurements of the angular sensor acquired at data sampling rate of INS is presented in this paper. To this end, stripping technique based on model of dither motion is newly applied.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.17-26
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• 1991

Numerical methods are developed to obtain the critical loads and to analyze the post-buckling behaviour of the linearly varying tapered columns. The non-dimensional differential equations governing the elastica of post buckled column are derived by third order and solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta method and Regula-Falsi method. Three kinds of cross-sectional shape with simply supported end constraint are applied in unmerical examples. As the numerical results, the equlibrium paths. the typical elastica of post buckled columns and the critical load vs. section ratio curves are presented in figures. Also, the effects of cross-sectional shape factor on critical loads and postbuckling behaviour are presented in tables.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.29-32
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• 2017

The use of electronic devices such as mobile phones and tablet PCs has increased of late. However, the power which is supplied through wires has a limitation of the free use of devices and portability. Magnetic-resonance wireless power transfer (WPT) can achieve increased transfer distance and efficiency compared to the existing electromagnetic inductive coupling. A superconducting coil can be applied to increase the efficiency and distance of magnetic-resonance WPT. As superconducting coils have lower resistance than copper coils, they can increase the quality factor (Q-factor) and can overcome the limitations of magnetic-resonance WPT. In this study, copper coils were made from ordinary copper under the same condition as the superconducting coils for a comparison experiment. Superconducting coils use liquid nitrogen to keep the critical temperature. As there is a difference of medium between liquid nitrogen and air, liquid nitrogen was also used in the normal conductor coil to compare the experiment with under the same condition. It was confirmed that superconducting coils have a lower reflection-coefficient($S_{11}$) than the normal conductor coils.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.173-186
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• 2003

The transition metal cadmium is a serious occupational and environmental toxin. To inhibit cadmium-induced damage, cells respond by increasing the expression of genes that encode stress-responsive proteins. The metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) is a key regulator of heavy-metal induced transcription of metallothionein-I and II and other genes in mammals and other metazoans. Transcriptional activation of genes by MTF-1 is mediated through binding to metal-responsive elements in the target gene promoters. Phosphorylation of MTF-1 plays a critical role in the cadmium-inducible transcriptional activation of metallothionein and other responses. Studies using inhibitors indicate that multiple kinases and signal transduction cascades, including those mediated by protein kinase C, tyrosine kinase and casein kinase II, are essential for cadmium-mediated transcriptional activation. In addition, calcium signaling is also involved in regulating metal-activated transcription. In several species, cadmium induces heat shock genes. Recently much progress has been made in elucidating the cellular machinery that regulates this metal-inducible gene expression. This review summarizes these recent advances in understanding the role of some known cadmium-responsive genes and the molecular mechanisms that activate metal-responsive transcription factor, MTF-1.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.222-228
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a optimization approach for the Electric Locomotive Overhaul Maintenance Facility (ELOMF), which aims at the simulation optimization so as to meet the design specification. In simulation design, we consider the critical path and sensitivity analysis of the critical (dependent) factors and the design (independent) parameters for the parameter selection and reduction of the metamodel. Therefore, we construct the multi-objective non-linear programming. The objective function is normalized for the generalization of design parameter while the constraints are composed of the simulation-based regression metamodel for the critical factors and design factor's domain. Then the effective solution procedure based on the pareto optimal solution set is proposed. This approach provides a comprehensive approach for the optimization of Train Overhaul Maintenance Facility(TOMF)'s design parameters using the simulation and metamoels.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.2 s.173
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• pp.496-505
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• 2000

A semi-infinite parallel crack propagated with constant velocity in two bonded anisotropic strip under anti-plane clamped displacement is analyzed. Using Fourier integral transform a Wiener-Hopf equation is derived. By solving this equation the asymptotic stress and displacement fields near the crack tip are determined, where the results give the more general expression applicable to the extent of the anisotropic material having one plane of elastic symmetry for the parallel crack. The dynamic stress intensity factor and energy release rate are also obtained as a closed form, which are the results applicable to the problem both of dynamic and static crack under the same geometry as this study. The stress intensity factor approaches zero at the critical crack velocity which is less than the shear wave velocity, but in typical case of isotropic or orthotropic material agrees with the velocity of shear wave. Also a circular shear stress around crack tip is considered, from which the stress is shown to be approximately symmetric about the horizontal axis. Referring to the maximum stress criteria, it could be shown that a brenched crack is formed by crack growth as crack velocity increases.