• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2024

Purpose: This study investigated changes in interpersonal violence and utilization of trauma recovery services during the COVID-19 pandemic. At an urban level I trauma center, trauma recovery services (TRS) provide education, counseling, peer support, and coordination of rehabilitation and recovery to address social and mental health needs. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted considerable changes in hospital services and increases in interpersonal victimization. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted between September 6, 2018 and December 20, 2020 for 1,908 victim-of-crime patients, including 574 victims of interpersonal violence. Outcomes included length of stay associated with initial TRS presentation, number of subsequent emergency department visits, number of outpatient appointments, and utilization of specific specialties within the year following the initial traumatic event. Results: Patients were primarily female (59.4%), single (80.1%), non-Hispanic (86.7%), and Black (59.2%). The mean age was 33.0 years, and 247 patients (49.2%) presented due to physical assault, 132 (26.3%) due to gunshot wounds, and 76 (15.1%) due to sexual assault. The perpetrators were primarily partners (27.9%) or strangers (23.3%). During the study period, 266 patients (mean, 14.9 patients per month) presented before the declaration of COVID-19 as a national emergency on March 13, 2020, while 236 patients (mean, 25.9 patients per month) presented afterward, representing a 74.6% increase in victim-of-crime patients treated. Interactions with TRS decreased during the COVID-19 period, with an average of 3.0 interactions per patient before COVID-19 versus 1.9 after emergency declaration (P<0.01). Similarly, reductions in length of stay were noted; the pre-COVID-19 average was 3.6 days, compared to 2.1 days post-COVID-19 (P=0.01). Conclusions: While interpersonal violence increased, TRS interactions decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, reflecting interruption of services, COVID-19 precautions, and postponement/cancellation of elective visits. Future direction of hospital policy to enable resource and service delivery to this population, despite internal and external challenges, appears warranted.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.195-200
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to explore security guard's status and roles in society through media reports. Research method is to anlyze security Guard's 'Keyword Trend' and 'Keyword Frequency Analysis' by 'Big Kind' which enables 'News Big Data' analysis. The result came out by the analysis in sectional private security guard's history of settling down, growing up (quantity), and growing up (quality) by separating generations is that there are lots of attention and exposure from media about crime, security guard job, minimum wage, and 'Gabjil', but the images of security guard are recognized as victim of crime and 'Gabjil', and working in poor environment with minimum waged and ambiguous job, instead of people preventing crimes. In the future, stabilizing security guard's social status and work responsibility, and developing job professionalism are necessary to improve the images of security guard.

• Journal of forensic and investigative science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.5-20
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• 2007

During the period from 2001 to 2005, 29,892 burglaries took place in Korea with the approximate average annual number - 5,978 cases. This study was conducted to analyze the reported burglaries and the result was summarized as follows. There were 8,605 residential invasion burglaries (28.8%) as the most frequent characteristic pattern. The exit was used as the most frequent invasion route for 4,031 invasion burglaries (64.3%), and an unlocked exit door or window was used as the most frequent invasion method for 2,462 invasion burglaries (28.6%). The hours just after midnight (between 00:00 and 04:00) were the most frequent time for invasion burglary to occur. Also, 5,652 burglaries occurred on Wednesday which was twice higher than on Sunday (2,988 burglaries). It was shown that the number of persons injured during burglaries were 260 deaths and 10,610 injuries. The places of the highest occurrence were the street with 10,183 burglaries (34%) and then residential place with 7,527 burglaries (approximately 25%). One-man burglary was the highest complicity: 15,012 offenders (56.1%). The knife was used as the most frequent instrument for 6,498 burglaries (24,3%) what is rare, while no criminal tool or instrument was used for 15,631 burglaries (58.4). During the period from 2001 to 2006, 1,506 burglaries occurred in Daegu and the average annual number was 251 burglaries. Among those,515 residential invasion burglaries (34.2%) took place and the average annual number was approximately 86 cases. The hours just after midnight (between 00:00 and 04:00) were the most frequent time for invasion burglary to occur (194 cases, 37.7%), the place of the highest invasion occurrence was the residential place (259 cases, 50.3%), and the exit was used as the most frequent invasion route (87 cases, 37.7%). An unlocked exit door or window was the most frequent invasion method (65 cases, 25.1%). In addition, pretending to be a delivery man, visitor or following the victim methods were used for 26 burglaries (10%). It is apparent that personal preventive measures against crimes, as well as governmental and social measures, play an important role in preventing burglaries. In particular, based on the analyzed result that an unlocked window or exit door was most frequently used for reported burglaries, it seems that there is a lack of understanding of crime prevention while little effort has been made to prevent crimes. Although everyone knows that locking a door is one of the basic measures to prevent crimes, many people tend to pay little attention to lock a door properly so burglary takes place. This study, therefore, is intended to encourage people to pay more careful attention to crime prevention, in order to help reduce the probability of burglary. With the recent improvement in social understanding of scientific crime investigation, a wide variety of police professions, including crime analysts, crime victim police counselors and coroners, have been prepared to develop the scientific crime investigation and crime analysis. In addition, it is hoped that further this study will contribute to encourage studies on crime prevention to be carried out in the future.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.1
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• pp.371-408
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• 1997

This article is the reserch on actual condition of crime of arson which occurs in Korea and its countermeasures. The the presented problem in this article are that (1) we have generally very low rate concern about the crime of arson contrary to realistic problems of rapid increase of crime of arson (2) as such criminal motives became so diverse as to the economic or criminal purpose unlike characteristic and mental deficiency of old days, and to countermeasure these problems effectively it presentation the necessity of systemantic research. Based on analysis of reality of arson, the tendency of this arson in Korea in the ratio of increase is said to be higher than those in violence crime or general fire rate. and further its rate is far more greater than those of the U.S.A. and Japan. Arson is considered to be a method of using fire as crime and in case of presently residence to be the abject, it is a public offense crime which aqccompany fatality in human life. This is the well It now fact to all of us. And further in order to presentation to the crime of arson, strictness of criminal law (criminal law No, 164 and 169, and fire protection law No. 110 and 111) and classification of arsonist as felony are institutionary reinforced to punish with certainty of possibility, Therefore, as tendency of arson has been increased compared to other nations, it is necessary to supplement strategical policy to bring out overall concerns of the seriousness of risk and damage of arson, which have been resulted from the lack of understanding. In characteristics analysis of crime of arson, (1) It is now reveald that, in the past such crime rate appeared far more within the boundary of town or city areas in the past, presently increased rate of arsons in rural areas are far more than in the town or small city areas, thereby showing characteristics of crime of arson extending nation wide. (2) general timetable of arson shows that night more than day time rate, and reveald that is trait behavior in secrecy.(3) arsonists are usually arrested at site or by victim or report of third person(82,9%).Investigation activities or self surrenders rate only 11.2%. The time span of arrest is normally the same day of arson and at times it takes more than one year to arrest. This reveals its necessity to prepare for long period of time for arrest, (4) age rate of arson is in their thirties mostly as compared to homicide, robbery and adultery, and considerable numbers of arsons are in old age of over fifties. It reveals age rate is increased (5) Over half of the arsonists are below the junior high school (6) the rate of convicts by thier records is based on first offenders primarily and secondly more than 4 time convicts. This apparently shows necessity of effective correctional education policy for their social assimilation together with re-investigation of human education at the primary and secondary education system in thier life. The examples of motivation for arosnits, such as personal animosity, fury, monetary swindle, luscious purpose and other aims of destroying of proof, and other social resistance, violence including ways of threatening, beside the motives of individual defects, are diverse and arsonic suicide and specifically suicidal accompany together keenly manifested. When we take this fact with the criminal theory, it really reveals arsons of crime are increasing and its casualities are serious and a point as a way of suicide is the anomie theory of Durkheim and comensurate with the theory of that of Merton, Specifically in the arson of industrial complex, it is revealed that one with revolutionary motive or revolting motive would do the arsonic act. For the policy of prevention of arsons, professional research work in organizational cooperation for preventive activities is conducted in municipal or city wise functions in the name of Parson Taskforces and beside a variety of research institutes in federal government have been operating effectively to countermeasure in many fields of research. Franch and Sweden beside the U.S. set up a overall operation of fire prevention research funtions and have obtained very successful result. Japan also put their research likewise for countermeasure. In this research as a way of preventive fire policy, first, it is necessary to accomodate the legal preventitive activities for fire prevention in judicial side and as an administrative side, (1) precise statistic management of crime of arson (2) establishment of professional research functions or a corporate (3) improvement of system for cooperative structural team for investigation of fires and menpower organization of professional members. Secondly, social mentality in individual prospect, recognition of fires by arson and youth education of such effect, educational program for development and practical promotion. Thirdly, in view of environmental side, the ways of actual performance by programming with the establishment of cooperative advancement in local social function elements with administrative office, habitants, school facilities and newspapers measures (2) establishment of personal protection where weak menpowers are displayed in special fire prevention measures. These measures are presented for prevention of crime of arson. The control of crime and prevention shall be prepared as a means of self defence by the principle of self responsibility Specifically arsonists usually aims at the comparatively weak control of fire prevention is prevalent and it is therefore necessary to prepare individual facilities with their spontaneous management of fire prevention instead of public municipal funtures of local geverment. As Clifford L. Karchmer asserted instead of concerns about who would commit arson, what portion of area would be the target of the arson. It is effective to minister spontaveously the fire prevention measure in his facility with the consideration of characteristics of arson. On the other hand, it is necessary for the concerned personnel of local goverment and groups to distribute to the local society in timely manner for new information about the fire prevention, thus contribute to effective result of fire prevention result. In consideration of these factors, it is inevitable to never let coincide with the phemonemon of arsons in similar or mimic features as recognized that these could prevail just an epedemic as a strong imitational attitude. In processing of policy to encounter these problems, it is necessary to place priority of city policy to enhancement of overall concerns toward the definitive essense of crime of arson.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.778-785
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• 2022

Purpose: Recently, crimes caused by stalking crimes have become a social issue. Following the "Stalking Response Manual", we would like to examine measures and problems to protect victims, and to examine the necessity of private expenses as a supplementary alternative. Method: The victim protection measures of stalking crimes and the police's 'stalking response manual' were identified, and problems and the necessity of private expenses were analyzed. Result: The number of people in charge of the police is 398 per person, and the police alone have limitations in protecting stalking victims. It is necessary to find ways to actively utilize the parts that cannot be solved only by the police while cooperating by entrusting them to private expenses. Conclusion: With the enactment of the Stalking Punishment Act in 2021, measures to protect victims were stipulated in the stalking response manual, but there are limitations in protecting victims due to various problems. Therefore, it is necessary to study ways to protect victims using private expenses.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.253-273
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• 2023

This study was conducted to determine how analytic-holistic thinking style, one of the cultural characteristics, affects intentionality judgment and what role the crime typicality plays in the process. To this end, the psychological mechanism of intentionality judgment was confirmed in cases where the criminal typicality was manipulated by the moral characteristics of the crime perpetrator and victim. As a result, higher the criminal typicality lead to higher intentionality judgement. In addition, it was found that people with relatively holistic thinking style (with high causality and perception of change) judge less of the perpetrator intentionality. In particular, it was confirmed that the analytic-holistic thinking style interacts with criminal typicality and affects the intentionality judgment. Specifically, people with a holistic thinking style (high causality) judged the perpetrator to have high intentionality in typical cases, but judged in a reverse way in atypical cases. It means that, holistic thinkers, compared to analytic thinkers, strongly judge intentionality based on criminal typicality considering the moral characteristics of not only the perpetrators but also the victims. Along with the significance of this study, the relationships among analytic-holistic thinking style, criminal typicality and intentionality judgment were discussed.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.69-94
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• 2024

With the development of cyberspace and its increasing interaction with our daily lives, cybercrime has been steadily increasing in recent years and has become more prominent as a serious social problem. Notably, the "four major malicious cybercrimes" - cyber fraud, cyber financial crime, cyber sexual violence, and cyber gambling - have drawn significant attention. In order to minimize the damage of cybercrime, it's crucial to delve into the specifics of each crime and develop targeted prevention and intervention strategies. Yet, most existing research relies on indirect data sources like statistics, victim testimonials, and public opinion. This study seeks to uncover the characteristics and factors of cybercrime by directly interviewing suspects involved in 'copyright infringement', 'gambling' related to illicit online content, and 'pornography crime'. Through coding analysis and text mining, the study aims to offer a more in-depth understanding of cybercrime dynamics. Furthermore, by suggesting preventative and remedial measures, the research aims to equip policymakers with vital information to reduce the repercussions of this escalating digital threat.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.137-145
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• 2013

The most important thing in the trial reveal the truth regardess of civil trial or criminal trial. The criminal procedure should be amended to guarantee victims the right to attend court hearings, to receive information about the progress of their case. But the new Criminal Procedure Law 2007 stipulated merely reading right of investigation records after prosecution while reading and printing rights prior to prosecution were not legislated. All sections of the criminal justice process must ensure that the process of dealing with the offender should not increase the distress or add to the problems of victims of crime in secondary victimisation. Reading and printing rights of prior to prosecution should be stipulated at earliest to protect the criminal victims and to prevent the secondary victimisation, The purpose of this study is to practically protect the right of the victims on the criminal procedures.

• Journal of forensic and investigative science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.52-80
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• 2007

In the rapidly changing current society, the Korean National Police(KNP) is facing a lot of demands from the citizens like the protection of subject/victim rights, independence of investigation authority, disclosure of actual truth, and prevention & eradication of crimes. It is widely recognized among the Korean people and the police that the KNP is always standing for the rights of the people and it is high time that the KNP should be restored as the pioneer for the protection of human right. In this situation, the tremendous emphasis is given on the importance of investment in investigative training through the long-term master-plan in order to renovate its constitution, to level up its quality, and to cope with the highly sophisticated crime patterns. Korean police have already shown its outstanding investigative skills of identification of the deceased throughout large cases like Daegu subway arson and tsunami in Southeast Asia. In addition, the skills of cyber crime investigation are highly recognized by foreign law enforcement agencies. However, the investigative skills and abilities are being degraded and the morale of the investigative personnel are falling due to the insufficiently of the finite training budget. Lack of financial support results in the lack of training program and poor training environment, which subsequently leads to the inefficiency of training. Additionally, no long-term budget for fostering specialized investigative agents is allotted. Considering the fact that more than 95% of crimes in Korea are being primarily investigated by the Korean police, we have to understand the importance of the police. By the tremendous investment in investigative training which can lead to the high-quality investigations, the Korean police can ultimately contribute to the protection of safety and life of its people.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.220-228
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• 2014

A stalking is becoming more diverse and the methods are developing over time as the society has changed over time due to the advancement of information technology but an initial countermeasure seems to be difficult as there is no sufficient legislations against such crimes as stalking. Our country passed laws regulating such stalking at 1999 and four more additional bills were proposed until the 18th National Assembly but they failed to become legalized. Two more additional bills were proposed during 19th National Assembly which are still pending. Crimes such as stalking violates and invades physical and psychological freedom of the victims and the crimes are severely inveterate and intentional. Advanced countries such as the United States, the Great Britain, Germany, and Japan enacted legislations that strictly regulates stalking and also appropriate responses. As these exemplary cases show, it is essential that our country also requires an effective legislations against crime of stalking and protecting a victim of the crime.