• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.129-137
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• 2016

Dark and desolate underground parking spaces in commercial facilities are optimal spaces for crime. First, this study reviewed 15 precedent CPTED guidelines and related literatures, and as a result extracted 45 CPTED planning criteria for underground parking facilities. Secondly by field survey, we investigated six parking spaces in commercial facilities whether they were planned properly based on 45 checklist items, in six categories of CPTED principles. In result, target facilities showed average 46.8% relevance ratio, which means less than a half of 45 items of CPTED planning factors were not applied. Guidelines suggest desirable illuminance level of more than 100 lux, however the measurement of illuminance levels in some parking spaces showed below 50 lux. Relatively department stores were keeping CPTED guidelines better than large discount mart and mixed used facilities. Definition of territory of loading dock and customer area should be clarified, clear signage and color scheme in different zones should be represented with higher level of territorial responsibilities and surveillance in mixed used facilities for further improvement.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.115-128
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• 2016

Recently, converging Big Data and IoT(Internet of Things)has become mainstream, and public sector is no exception. In particular, this combinationis applicable to crime prevention in Korea. Crime prevention has evolved from CPTED (Crime Prevention through Environmental Design) to ubiquitous crime prevention;however, such a physical engineering method has the limitation, for instance, unexpected exposureby CCTV installed on the street, and doesn't have the function that automatically alarms passengers who pass through a criminal zone.To overcome that, this paper offers a crime prevention method using Big Data from public organizations along with IoT. We expect this work will help construct an intelligent crime-prevention system to protect the weak in our society.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.71-81
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• 2011

This study aims to make evaluation method as a means to evaluate the crime prevention through environmental design of multi-family housing. According to the analysis of correctness and usefulness of evaluation method in multi-family housing, the preliminary evaluation method is selected. The correctness and usefulness of evaluation method is examined by 2 works. One is analyzing the results of experts' advice about evaluation method. The other is analyzing the results of the case studies of 3 housing sites. Those improve evaluation method to measure the crime prevention through environmental design objectively. As a result, the system of classification is divided into evaluation area and evaluation item. Evaluation area is sorted into four types, i.e. public space, semi-public space, semi-private space, and equipment. Evaluation scores according to evaluation area are different. Evaluation scores of public space are 73. Those of semipublic space are 196. Those of semi-private space are 75, Those of equipment are 28. Evaluation item is divided into 20 items. 20 items are; the entrance of complex, apartment building, recreational space and parking space etc. Checklists according to evaluation items are proposed and detail evaluation criteria according to checklist are proposed.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.16-30
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• 2016

There is an increasing interest in and efforts for safe residential environment from crimes nationwide. Many cities are making efforts to create safe residential environment by enacting ordinances and guidances on safe design for preventing crimes and implementing demonstration projects. In line with the trends of the times toward 'improvement of living conditions' through urban regeneration, the importance of the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED) has recently emerged in the field of residential housing regeneration. Indeed, the CPTED is included as essential factor in the recent deteriorated residential area regeneration related projects. In this respect, the purpose of this study is to provide the basic data on the methodology of CPTED to be applied to the regeneration of deteriorated residential area in the future. To this end, this study selected three representative CPTED projects in Busan - 'Deokpo-dong Hope and Stepping Stone Village,' 'Chilsan-dong CPTED Happiness Village' and 'Sujeong-dong Crime Prevention and Safe Village' as objects of this study and then investigated and analyzed project contents, application of CPTED strategy, subjects who are implementing projects, and the time when they implement projects as the framework of my analysis. The findings from this study are as follows: First, the projects that were largely based on hardware should be improved by including software in the future. Second, the current Step 2 should expand into Step 3 Maintenance in applying CPTED strategy. Third, it is necessary to encourage exchange and cooperation between unit projects and subjects who are operating related projects.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to empirically analyze the effects of physical environment change on the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) project implemented in Gamcheon 2 Dong on the fear of crime, neighborhood satisfaction, and neighborhood attachment in the poor. In this study, the data collected through field surveys and questionnaires were analyzed using a structural equation model, specifically the SPSS AMOS 25 program. From the results of the analysis, it was found that the neighborhood satisfaction was enhanced by the improvement in the walking environment and the reduction in the neighborhood disorder level of the target area through the installation of major CPTED facilities. The results of the statistical analysis show that the reduction in the neighborhood disorder due to the CPTED project enhanced the neighborhood satisfaction and the level of neighborhood attachment in the local residents. In addition, the changes in the walking environment caused by the CPTED project had a positive effect on the neighborhood satisfaction, and as the degree of neighborhood disorder decreased, the neighborhood satisfaction increased and the local people's attachment level increased.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.56
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• pp.9-30
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• 2018

Crime prevention strategies are introduced to reduce the loss caused by crimes, and Target hardening against domestic burglary attacks is broadly accepted as one of such physical security strategies. In terms of business and home security, target hardening is one of the suite of protective measures that are included in crime prevention through environmental design(CPTED). This can include ensuring all doors and windows are sourced and fitted in such a way that they can resist forcible and surreptitious from the attack of intruder. Target hardening with certified security doors, security windows and secure locks are revealed to be much more effective to deter burglary attacks than other security devices, such as CCTV, lightings and alarms which have largely psychological and indirect impact. A pilot program of target hardening utilizing certified security window and locks was carried out in Ansan city, South Korea in 2016. This study is based on the quasi-experimental design of this program for a residential area. The researchers tried to verify the crime displacement effect of the target hardening program and the diffusion effects of crime prevention benefits by analysing the crime statistics. The evaluation utilized WDQ(Weighted Displacement Quotient) technique to analyze whether the crime displacement occurred, compared the crime statistics of the experimental area with that of buffer zone and controlled areas. The result showed that the target hardening program was significantly effective in crime prevention. The number of burglary in the experimental site with target hardening intervention reduced by 100%, although the areas without the intervention showed reduction in the burglary. The crime displacement was not found at all, and the number of burlary at the buffer zone also reduced significantly.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.4-29
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• 2015

To protect cultural heritages from damage and destruction, evaluating the crime prevention environments is considered extremely important. This study analyzed the crime patterns related to cultural heritages, classified the crime environments by their types, and deduced the elements of the CPTED(Crime Prevention Through Environment Design), aiming to present the indices for evaluating the crime prevention environments. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the crimes related to cultural heritages that must be prevented were identified as the night time trespassing and arson. According to the results of the analysis of external environments based on crime actions, the crime prevention environments of cultural heritages were classified into 10 types. Second, the important evaluation principles of the cultural heritage CPTED were the access control, surveillance reinforcement and the surrounding environment. Third, the access control that cover the internal region, boundary, external region and surroundings were classified into 22 indices. The surveillance reinforcement covers natural, organized and mechanical surveillance with 21 indices. Fourth, the applicability of the CPTED evaluation index was presented according to the types of the cultural crime prevention environments. The results confirmed that the maximum 43 indices were applicable to the seowon(lecture hall), hyanggyo(Confucian school), and gwana(district government office), and the minimum 10 indices, to the ramparts. Finally, the 43 indices were applied to Donam Seowon to validate their applicability. The results confirmed that most of the indices were applicable with the partial supplements. The evaluation index presented in this study is likely to contribute to studies in the cultural heritage CPTED field and to the protection of cultural heritages. Furthermore, this study is considered significant because it unleashed continuous concerns on and developments of CPTED. However, as the field survey to validate the applicability of the indices was limited to only one type, it may require further objective verification such as through an expert's examination of the validity and applicability of the evaluation index. In addition, to accommodate the index in related policies and systems, more precise verifications of the indices by type are considered necessary.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.128-129
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• 2022

본 연구는 통합관제센터 구축시 범죄예방환경설계(Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, 이하CPTED)의 효과적인 기능과 운영 그리고 유관기관과의 협력을 위한 거버넌스의 측면과 향후 CCTV를 활용하는 방안을 마련하는 것이다.

• Journal of forensic and investigative science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2007

Apartments are built in small countries to accommodate densely populated cities and maximize urbanization. Many apartment complexes have been built in recent reconstruction or redevelopment projects. An increase in crime has resulted due to residents living in a narrow space. Larceny is the most commonly reported crime in apartment complexes. Apartments can be classified as stairway, hallway, or plane surface. This study compares and analyzes the frequency of theft by apartment type to assist in creating a safer residential space. In America and England, scholars studied to make a safer residential space, and have applied the theory of 'the Defensible Space' and 'Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED)' since 1970s. Korean apartment design now reflects CPTED in new apartment construction. In this study, 12 apartment complexes were selected in Changwon city to conduct analysis of theft in selected complexes. The study will cover housing invasion theft, motorcycle and car theft and snatching. The most frequency larceny is motorcycle and car theft, the second is housing invasion theft, and the least frequent is snatching. More residents' motorcycles and cars are damaged in a hallway style apartment. More frequently inhabitants have their possessions snatched on a stairway form. 1) When we build new apartment complexes, we must plan to improve territoriality and enhance a natural surveillance by reinforcing dwellers' relationship. Through planning we can prevention the larceny in apartments.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.424-437
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• 2012

As to the increase of crime against children, the importance of safety in school area is more emphasized ever. Safety in school area can be achieved by the well-organized combination of physical, managemental and spatial planning factors. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the spatial planning direction to prevent crimes for the schools and their surroundings on the viewpoint of CPTED(crime prevention through environmental design). Field survey using checklist drawn up with 5 major CPTED principles was conducted for 7 schools(primary, middle and high schools) located at Noen New-town, Daejeon Korea. Problems derived from field survey were categorized to 5 CPTED principles and countermeasures were suggested together with computer graphic simulation. CPTED design principles and guidelines for spatial planning can make school area safer because these can assure natural surveillance, territoriality, natural access control, etc.