• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.37 no.3 s.72
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• pp.45-63
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• 2006

A number of public loans with lower interests and other tax benefits have been provided for farmers and fishermen. However, much of those loans have been accumulated as non-performing. The result is that a large part of fisheries debts are now on the verge of default, Those loans, that fail to pay interests, keep rapidly growing like a time bomb. Now something has to be done before it burst. Firstly, the government must clean up the debts caused by government's mismanagement in the past. The past debt must be repaid or written off by the government since its guarantee was committed several times in guidelines regarding public loans. As such a measure, the government can greatly enlarge its capital contribution to the Credit Guarantee Fund for Farmers and Fishermen and Loss Guarantee fund for Policy Loan. It would greatly help to compensate local branches of fisheries cooperatives for their loss incurred from carrying public loans. In the past, the government used to roll over old debts of fishermen with new debts whenever maturity came. It ends up growing the size of non - performing loans. For this reason, it is not delay of the debt payment, but its write - off that fishery society needs a lot. Secondly, the loan authorities must lower overall risk in providing public loans for fishermen in the future. The whole process must be thoroughly reviewed and changed to provide and manage government loans. To facilitate this, fisheries cooperative must stop being just a public agent, rather take a bigger responsibility in selecting, and checking loan beneficiaries, and securing debt repayment. Incentives must be arranged properly enough to induce fisheries cooperatives to treat public loans just like their own business. Finally, the so - called 'special account of policy loan in fisheries industry' must be set up to enhance the transparency and to check the performance of public loans programs.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.995-1012
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• 2016

In Internet of Things (IoT) environments, devices or sensors everywhere can automatically collect data without the individual awareness, further combine and share data using ubiquitous network, and thus the development of IoT raises new challenges in respect of personal data protection and privacy. This study aims to identify main issues related to data protection in the IoT and propose adequate measures. We analyzed the types of personal data controllers and processors in IoT and figured out the issues regarding the processing of personal data and the rights to privacy of data subject. Accordingly, we suggested the institutional ways (e.g., establishment of user-friendly notice and flexible consent system, re-identification risk monitoring system, data protection in cross-border transfer, and user education) to improve the situation of personal data protection in IoT and finally proposed the improvement tasks to carry out first based on the degree of urgency and importance.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.239-262
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• 2006

The paper suggests that there has been a shift in the allocation of bank credit from large firms to small firms before and after the economic crisis. The paper also suggests that the improved lending practices of financial institutions, at least partially, contributed to this shift of corporate loans from large firms to small firms. Comparing the periods before and after the economic crisis also suggests that some important changes occurred to the corporate bond market. The effect of firm size on the corporate bond market differs before and after the economic crisis. Before the crisis, the larger the firms, the more they could borrow in the corporate bond market. However, after the crisis, it is not the case. The following interpretation could be put forward. Before the crisis, investors in the corporate bond market expected that the government would rescue large firms if they face the risk of bankruptcies. However, the collapse of Daewoo Group in 1999 shattered the TBTF (Too Big To Fail) myth of the public. The liquidity crisis of Hyundai Group in 2000-2001 reinforced the disintegration of the TBTF myth.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.57
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• pp.35-60
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• 2013

The Incoterms which is one of the most useful international instrument for sale of goods provides when a contract goods deliver, risk passes and how costs are allocated between seller and buyer on the contract as long as they agree to use a rule of the Incoterms rules. The Incoterms rules have come into effective to use for an international or domestic trade of goods since January 2011, which have been modified several times since these established by ICC in 1936. The origin of Incoterms rules may had been appeared from English traditional FOB terms that had been affected to American regulations for the sale of goods. The Incoterms rules which had been started from the traditional English FOB terms and American FOB terms have been expanded other trade terms, such as CIF. Although FOB is based on the COD(Cash on Delivery), it is possible replaced COD to CAD(Cash against Delivery) through the use of Bill of Lading and Letter of Credit in the international sale of goods between seller and buyer according to the development of infrastructures on the international commercial transactions. This article exercises the process of transition of the Incoterms rules, being based on the English and American traditional FOB contract form through review literatures, judical precedents and provisions. Then this article provides some feasible alternatives to attempting to resolve some regulation problems of FCA, CPT, CIP, and D-rules in the Incoterms$^{(R)}$ 2010.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.17-25
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• 2020

Venture debt is a prominent funding tool to promote scale-up of ventures. In the growth stage, venture firms that need large-scale funding can accelerate their growth by leveraging venture debt without diluting their shares, while venture capitals can quickly recollect their investments by accelerating the growth of the ventures they invest. By supplying venture debt, banks can diversify their asset primarily concentrated on loans, and improve the return on assets. As in the case of Silicon Valley Bank, a leading venture lender, closer cooperation between the two agents is essential to supply venture debt. One is the venture capital, an equity capital supplier, and the other is the bank, a debt capital supplier. To this end, we propose "credit risk sharing venture loans" and "venture loan pooling". The former encourages banks' participation in the venture debt market where the manager of Korean Fund of Funds, KVIC and policy guarantee schemes such as KODIT and KIBO screen or partially absorbe the risks inherent in venture loans. The latter reduces the burden of banking on individual venture loans through securitization.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.2 no.10
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• pp.1339-1348
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• 2001

This study is directed to compare the payment systems between conventional and internet, under international commerce. A stable and secure payment system is necessary for the progress of e-business through the internet. There are three typical methods of payment system in conventional transactions; the letter of credit(L/C) basis, the collection basis and the remittance basis. The exporter prefers L/C basis because of authentic payment, financial convenience and reduced risk Buyers and sellers who have enjoyed long creditable relationships use carefully the collection basis. The remittance basis is adequate for small amount payment for sample. In this paper, the merits and demerits of electronic payment system are compared to the conventional payment one. Internet payment system has an advantage of speed-up in payment against the conventional, but has a limited usage in the area of consumer based(B to C) transaction. The conventional payment system has been becoming overwhelm electronic payment one in the business to business(B to B) area.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.96-106
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• 2018

The government adopted activation policy of real estate to overcome low economic growth rate. Real estate activation plan adopted by the government raised credit limit by lowering the regulation, and reduced real estate investment cost by reducing the base rate. Also, delayed transfer tax on multi-house owner to activate real estate investment and resolved purchase right resale. Relief of real estate regulate caused increase of housing sales and price increase, and the real estate market changed to overheating aspect such as premium upon completion of lot sale in a short time. Such market atmosphere greatly increased household debs as owners own houses based on 'financial debt' instead of their income. Since 2017, real estate policy was reinforced to reduce household debts and lending rate was raised due to rise of base rate, accordingly, burden of household debt is expected to increase. This research suggested a plan for the Financial Supervisory Service to efficiently manage the financial world by analyzing the cause and problem of household debs.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.231-242
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• 2014

On the Pre-Housing-Sale Systems there are many risks that developers might not fulfill the pre-sale obligations. In korea, in order to protect the people who bought houses from these risk, the Housing Sold Guarantee System was introduced and has been operated. Even though this system if there is accident in the pre-sale warranty business, several problems, such as damages caused to the people who bought the houses, occurs. Therefore, research is needed to Housing Sold Guarantee accident factor. But there are few study about it. This study attempted to analyze influencers on the possibility of the accident. We employ 3,026 data which Korea Housing Guarantee Co., Ltd manages and analyze them empirically, using business characteristics, housing market characteristics, and regional characteristics. Especially this study used to the binary logistic regression model. The results of analysis showed that the accident rate of Housing Sold Guarantee had been effected on the business type, house type, project financing guarantee, operator credit rating, housing market, and regional characteristics.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.66
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• pp.285-312
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• 2015

Export and import of food, agriculture, forestry, fishery products are suffering from low growth rate due to the European financial crisis, global recession, and Japan's 2012 export expansion following the aftermath of 2011 earthquake. Upon the signing and enactment of Free Trade Agreement with the U.S. and the EU, agriculture and fishery product have become the center of attention. Agriculture and fishery was reported to be 80million dollars, 1.46% of total national export, in 2012. Starting from2000, South Korea's government began its effort to expand agriculture and fishery export and as a result, export has steadily increased despite decreased consumption led by global recession. K-Sure has started an insurance program with the purpose of promoting SME business's export. It protects SME business against risk arising from credit, emergency, bad debt, and domestic price increase. This study aims to evaluate the service quality of K-Sure's insurance program via surveying SME businesses in the agriculture and fishery industry. Also this study will identify key service factors for SME businesses and explore ways to expand SME exports of agriculture and fishery by analyzing consumer satisfaction index. Results indicated service product quality factor, service communication quality factor, and social quality factor was key to improving consumer satisfaction for SME businesses in agriculture and fishery industry. Service product quality factor had a negative effect on consumer satisfaction in term of variety and results indicated that service communication quality factor's responsiveness element had minimal impact on consumer satisfaction. Conversely, all elements for social quality factor had positive effects on consumer satisfaction. Thus, leading to the conclusion that improvements in service product quality factor and service communication quality factor will indeed increase consumer satisfaction.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.367-387
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• 2013

19) This research investigates the satisfaction level of both countries' export companies about the export insurance system which can cause problems in Korean-Chinese FTA in this age of spreading FTA. Through this research, it surveys of the system user satisfaction of two nations based on the characteristics of export insurance systems in South Korea and China. The satisfaction level of export credit insurance system is as follows: Awareness of credibility (3.53), awareness of exporting area (3.38), awareness of risk management (3.29), awareness of market change (3.14), awareness of insured accident (3.24), and awareness of regulations (3.03) present positive responses to the export insurance system but awareness of defective product (2.97) was relatively unsatisfied. Though it is hard to compare directly due to the differences between the exporting systems of Korean and China, this research shows the need of various export insurance products, and that most export companies in Korea and China are generally satisfying with export insurance products at present.