• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1027-1036
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• 2008

Value at Risk(VaR) is a fundamental tool for managing market risks. It measures the worst loss to be expected of a portfolio over a given time horizon under normal market conditions at a given confidence level. Calculation of VaR frequently involves estimating the volatility of return processes and quantiles of standardized returns. In this paper, we introduced and applied the CreditMetrics model to estimate the credit VaR of Korean Property and Casuality insurers.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.61-78
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• 2011

Credit derivative is one kind of arrangement which allows one party to transfer, for a premium, the defined credit risk, computed with reference to a notional value, of a reference asset which may or may not owned by one or more other parties. Credit Default Swaps(CDS) have existed since the early 1990s, but its use has become increasingly popular over time. CDS is the fastest growing segment of the privately negotiated derivatives business as many firms depend on it to efficiently manage the financial market risks inherent in economic activities. The diversification function is especially important for active CDS market participants as banks. CDS banks can achieve their loan portfolio diversification which provides them with increased capacity to expand their lending.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2022

This paper analyzes the effects of the cut in the legal maximum interest rate (from 27.4% to 24%) that occurred in February of 2018 on loan interest rates, the default rates, and the loan approval rate of borrowers in the non-banking sector. We use the difference-in-difference identification strategy to estimate the effect of the cut in the legal maximum interest rate using micro-level data from a major credit-rating company. The legal maximum rate cut significantly lowers the loan interest rate and default rate of low-credit borrowers (i.e., high-credit-risk borrowers) in the non-banking sector. However, this effect is limited to borrowers who have not been excluded from the market despite the legal maximum interest rate cut. The loan approval rate of low-credit borrowers decreased significantly after the legal maximum interest rate cut. Meanwhile, the loan approval rate of high-credit and medium-credit (i.e., low credit risk and medium credit risk) borrowers increased. This implies that financial institutions in the non-banking sector should reduce the loan supply to low-credit borrowers who are no longer profitable while increasing the loan supply to high- and medium-credit borrowers.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2016

본 연구는 한국과 중국 신용카드 시장의 사용현황을 분석하고, 신용카드 시장에서의 경제활동 추이도를 미래측정 알고리즘개발을 통해 측정하고자 하였다. 연구 결과 한국에서는 개인 소득증가와 신용카드 이용액 간에는 유의적인 상관관계가 없는 것으로 분석되었으며, 1인당 카드 보유수량과 신용카드 이용액 사이에는 상관관계가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 중국에서는 개인의 소득증가가 신용카드 이용액에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었고, 1인당 카드 보유수량과 신용카드 이용금액 사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 있음을 발견하였다. 또한, 추이도 관찰을 통해 외부환경에 제약이 없는 조건하에서 향후 5년간 중국의 신용카드 시장은 점진적으로 성장하며, 증가율 또한 점진적으로 증가할 것으로 예측할 수 있었다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제3권
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• pp.203-218
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• 1985

In Korea, the developmental gap is deep between rural and urban areas in spacial aspect and, or between agricultural and industrial side. So there are much room for improvement in agri. development in national standpoint as well as in individual farmer's level. In this respect, agricultural financing is requisitive to speed up the pace of agricultural development and in result, to contribute to improvement of farm income. By the way, farmers' credit demands are always in excess-demand status and they rely on private money-lenders in the burden of high interest rate. In agricultural financing market, there are two kinds of credit ; institutional credit and non-institutional credit market, that is private money-lending. In institutional credit, there are mutual credit system operating by the primary coops and policy credit system by NACF financed by Government in part. Here, in this paper, I venture to study on the improvements of the policy credit system to increase and activate the supply function of agri. policy credit into farmers to enhance their socio-economic status.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제48권
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• pp.127-155
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• 2010

The international transactions of capital goods such as industrial plant exports, overseas constructions, and shipbuilding exports, are so huge that tremendous amount of funds are required, and that most of the loans are long-term credits of over five years. In the export of huge capital goods, financing is more crucial than technology itself. Some of the importing countries are developing ones that are politically and economically unstable. Therefore the financing mechanism for these transactions is conclusive in winning these projects. Global financial market instability caused by US sub-prime mortgage financial crisis expanded all over the world, and the international transactions have been decreased due to global credit crisis. This indicates how much influential the financing market is in international transactions. The financing schemes are classified into supplier credit and buyer credit by who provides the financing. A supplier credit is a credit extended by an exporter(seller) to an importer(buyer) as part of an export contract. Cover for this transaction may be extended by an export credit agency('ECA') to the exporter. In a sales contract a seller shall provide fund required to manufacture goods, and in a construction contract a contractor shall provide fund required to complete a construction. A buyer credit is an arrangement in which an exporter enters into a contract with an importer, which is financed by means of a loan agreement A Comparative Study on a Supplier Credit and a Buyer Credit in International Transactions of Capital Goods 155 where the borrower is the importer. In a sales contract a buyer shall provide fund required to manufacture and procure the goods, and in a construction contract an owner shall provide fund required to complete a construction. Therefore an exporter is paid on progressive payment method. A supplier credit and a buyer credit have their own advantages and disadvantages in the respect of the parties respectively. These two financing methods are selectively used considering financing conditions such as funding cost, importer's and/or exporter's financial conditions, importing country's political risk.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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• pp.399-406
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• 2011

Various construction bonds and warranties critically burden the general contractor. Also, sporadic or cumulative delays of progress payment by the owner can further trap the contractor in a financial quagmire. Facing the possibility of cash flow deficiency and callous response from the banks, most construction firms may become financially incapable of market competition, and attractive project tenders become a bidding game among few deep-pocket players. The downside of such market environment is that the depth of pocket, rather than that of professional competency dictates the choice of market winners. In Taiwan, this has been a potential crisis to the construction industry after the financial crisis which started out since 2008. To encounter this problem, this research will examine the means to better manage the construction industry. Essentially, a credit guarantee system (CGS) is the prime solution to strengthen a bank's confidence in any particular construction firm. Thus establishing a national platform which evaluates and rewards a construction firm's overall credibility is pivotal, and this third-party rated credit can help a bank to render a loan more wisely. Finally, this paper will propose the ideal operating schemes of construction-specific CGS in Taiwan and a credit scoring prototype model for construction industry, as reference for the government and banks, respectively.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.265-285
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• 2016

이 논문은 경북 동해안 지역금융시장을 분석하고 있다. 분석결과에 따르면 신용협동기구는 지역의 영세기업의 금융제약을 완화하기 위해 충분한 노력을 기울이지 않고 있다. 많은 논의는 신용협동기구가 지역에 밀착된 경영을 통해 자신의 경쟁력을 강화하고 나아가 안정적인 성장을 도모해야 한다고 제안한다. 그러나 현재 그들은 차입자의 사적인 정보를 획득하기 위한 노력을 충분히 기울이고 있지 않은 채, 신용평점제도와 담보에 의존하여 자금을 운용하고 있다. 이 자체 그들의 취약한 경쟁력의 근저에 놓여있는 문제이다. 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위해 신용협동기구는 지역사회개발에 적극 참여해야 한다. 다른 한편 정부도 이들의 육성에 힘을 기울여야 한다. 이들의 기능이 활성화될 때 지역금융시장의 효율성이 제고되고 지역경제도 순조롭게 성장할 수 있을 것이다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

In the Korean capital market, there are three credit rating agencies. Potential credit ratings based on credibility in the financial market are calculated independently for each rating agency. It often happens that despite the fact that the grades of the rating agencies are the same and have the same rating system, their actual ratings are different, even for the same firm. In such circumstances, investors may wonder why. In this study, we assume that the cause is the information environment in which the company operates. The credit ratings of rating agencies are mainly classified into bonds or commercial papers. The bonds are rated primarily for long-term of three years or more, and commercial papers specify ratings for less than one year. The information environment to be verified in this study was observed with a commercial paper. Under the assumption the larger the analyst following is, the more transparent is the information environment, we analyzed the influence of the number of analysts following on the degree to which ratings conflicted among credit rating agencies. The results of our analysis confirmed that opinion conflict among credit rating agencies is clearly reduced for companies with good information environments.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.885-895
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of intention to borrow consumer credit of Vietnamese people by applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and extending it with several variables, including anxiety, perceived trust, and perceived financial costs extracted and adapted from the existing literature. A questionnaire survey was administered in the big cities of Vietnam to a total of 602 consumers. Structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques have been employed to investigate the relationship among intention determinants to borrow. Findings show that perceived usefulness mediates the impact of subjective norms on the intention to borrow consumer credit. At the same time, subjective norms also directly influence the intention to borrow. Notably, anxiety, perceived trust, perceived financial cost, perceived ease of use have no significant influence on intention to borrow. Meanwhile, education level is confirmed to have a moderate influence on intention to borrow consumer credit of Vietnamese people. However, there is not enough statistical evidence about the influence of gender and marital status on the intention to borrow consumer credit in Vietnam. Based on the findings of the Vietnamese consumer credit market, we proposed some suggestions to promote the growth of the market in the future.