• 지식경영연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.21-40
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• 2020

Korea Credit Guarantee Fund(KODIT) is a public financial institution under the provision of the Korea Credit Guarantee Fund Act. Facing the waves of change both locally and globally, KODIT will serve as 'social value creator' in making a paradigm shift from a large corporation(Conglomerate-dominated) economy to a social enterprise-oriented one based on social economy. This study focuses on the supporting service programs for social enterprises and job creation how it affects the performance of social value creation of KODIT. There is currently no detailed research of the social value in terms of the business and management academic agenda. Therefore, the present study describes the importance of social value creation on the policy financial institution. This study conducted in-depth case study for social value performance. As a public policy financial institution, KODIT exert diverse efforts to correct market failure and achieve inclusive growth. For example, KODIT extends credit guarantee services for the liabilities of promising corporations and stimulates financial and non-financial supporting programs for social enterprises. Although the role of social value and social economy has gained business field attention, few investigations have been conducted to explain how social value is achieved. The present study can thus act as the foundation for exploring the social value creation in the circumstances of public financial institution.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.265-284
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• 2010

B2B 전자상거래 보증 서비스는 신용보증기금과 은행, e마켓플레이스 간에 전산시스템을 연결하여 신용보증 신청에서부터 보증서 발급, 상거래 계약, 대금결제가 인터넷 상에서 이루어지는 보증 서비스를 말한다. B2B 전자상거래 보증 서비스는 대기업에 비해 상대적으로 규모가 작고, 신용도가 낮으며, 여러 면에 있어 불리한 상태에 있는 중소기업이 필요한 자금을 원활히 공급받을 수 있도록 매개역할을 하는 제도이다. B2B 전자상거래 보증 서비스의 다양한 장점에도 불구하고 인지도 부족과 전자보증에 대한 잘못된 이해, 온라인상에서 결제하는데 대한 막연한 심리적 불안감 등으로 인해서 빠른 확산이 이뤄지지 않고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 B2B 전자상거래 보증 서비스의 효과 및 가치를 데이터와 사례들을 통해 분석해보고자 한다. 이를 위해 B2B 전자상거래 보증 서비스 및 e-Marketplace에 대한 분석을 시작으로 서비스 이해관계자 별 성과항목 도출, 중소기업 지원 및 사회 경제적 성과 분석 등을 진행하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2013

B2C의 "신용카드"를 대체할 만한 "결제수단"으로 2001년 신용보증기금과 은행, (물류업체), e-MP(Market Place)가 참여하여, 기업간 e-MP(기업간 전자결제 결제 시스템)를 통한 전자상거래에 의한 구매를 신용보증기금이 보증해 주는 B2B 전자상거래보증제도를 도입하였다. 기업간 전자상거래를 지원하는 전자결제시스템인 e-MP 서비스는 지난 10년 동안 운영되어 중소기업의 성장에 많은 기여를 하였다. 기업 간 전자상거래보증은 구매기업에게 거래한도 확장으로 안정적인 구매처를 확보하고 업무 프로세스 개선을 통한 기업 경쟁력 강화에 기여하였다. 그러나, 신용보증기관의 보증지원을 기반으로 한 사업으로서 규모의 한계를 보유하고 있다. 신용보증기관의 보증지원을 기반으로 한 사업으로서 규모의 한계를 극복하기 위해서는 정부의 중소기업에 대한 직접 또는 간접지원의 강화 운영을 e-MP 사업기반으로 해야 한다. 또한 e-MP서비스를 통한 새로운 모델 개척이 필요하다. 기업간 전자상거래 활성화 측면 뿐만 아니라 e-MP의 새로운 수익모델을 위해 신용보증기관이 직접 개입하여 운영하는 기업간 통합온라인장터 구축과 이를 활용하는 기업에게 구매자금을 동시에 제공하는 모델에 대한 검토가 필요하다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제20권
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• pp.295-315
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• 2003

Since the end of World War II, the standby letters of credit have been used as a surety device, serving as a performance bond and guarantee in the world. UCP has been used a governing rule for standby letters of credit transactions in international commercial transactions. But the UCP may be sufficient for certain simple standbys, it is not fully applicable nor appropriate for standbys - as is recognized in UCP 500 Article 1. On the other hand, the International Standby Practices(ISP98) provide rules of practice drafted specifically for standby letters of credit intended as an alternative to UCP 500. It became effective on January 1, 1999. In addition to restating general rules applicable to all independent undertakings with greater precision than does UCP 500, thereby reducing the possibility of litigation, it addresses issues that commonly arise in standby practice not addressed in UCP 500. UCP 500 is valid and still applies to standby letter of credit "to the extent to which they may be applicable." Since ISP98 and UCP 500 coexist and may be applicable to standby letters of credit by incorporation, applicants, beneficiaries and issuers have a choice. This study will assist all interested parties in establishing the right rules for the right product, for the right standby letters of credit.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제46권
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• pp.133-158
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• 2010

Independent guarantee is a creation of the need from the both sides, i.e. the applicant (principal debtor) and the beneficiary (creditor). The former used to have to deposit cash in favor of the beneficiary in case of his default, which laid a burden on his liquidity while the latter still wanted to have the equivalent to cash. Independent guarantee satisfied the both parties by freeing the applicant of a deposit and maintaining the beneficiary's right at the same time. The fact that independent guarantee has three payment mechanisms is not widely known to the public. They are (i) payment on first demand, (ii) payment upon submission of third-party documents, (iii) payment upon submission of an arbitral or court decision. From the applicant's point of view, the order in his favor is (iii), followed by (ii) and (i). As there shouldn't be a case where one party is at a disadvantage against the other, useful insight is being sought for the benefit of the applicant. First, the applicant can offer his intention to provide a payment mechanism (ii) or (iii) rather than (i) if he must deliver it. Second, if the beneficiary still wants to have (i) and the applicant is in a position not to reject it, the latter should thoroughly check any provisions that may work against him later. Third, the applicant could use counterbalancing provisions in underlying contract to cope with protective clauses in the guarantees. Forth, the applicant should review the beneficiary's sincerity to prevent unfair calling risks. The applicant may use an ECA(Export Credit Agency) in his country to which he can transfer not only unfair calling risks, but also political risks. On the other hand, a bank needs to keep the following advice in mind. The foremost important thing for the bank not to forget is that it provides a guarantee as a service provider, not as a responsible party for the feasibility of the project, etc. Credit risk of the applicant should require the greatest attention when issuing a guarantee: the bank should look into the possibility that it can procure immediate reimbursement from its customers after payment to the beneficiary. Second, the applicant's ability to complete the project should be reviewed by checking its track records, techniques and reputation, etc. Third, the bank may also use an ECA to cover the beneficiary's unfair calling risks as well as political risks. In the case of Korea, as Korea Export Insurance Corporation(KEIC) can cover all the risks mentioned above, the bank could use its service called 'Export Bond Insurance.' What's better for the bank is that ECA cover can enhance the bank's asset quality by putting it zero on its risk weighted asset.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제52권
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• pp.25-44
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• 2011

Possibility of credit risk, foreign exchange risk and interest rate risk of exporter increases in the recent international Commercial transactions, due to financial crisis of Europe and liberalization of Middle East. Under this circumstance, Forfaiting is trade finance that forfaiter purchase negotiable debt instrument without recourse from exporter, which occurred related with international commercial transactions, and credit risk, contingency risk, foreign exchange risk and interest rate risk of exporter can be transferred to forfaiter. Forfaiting is typically medium-term finance(three to five years) concluded at fixed interest rate, although it can also arranged on a floating interest-bearing basis for periods from six months to ten years or more. But Forfaiting service of Korea has limitation as follows. First, forfaiting in Korea deals with unrestricted irrevocable documentary credit as debt instruments. Period that forfaiting is provided is short and amount of money is limited, compared with advanced forfaiting. But forfaiting provided in advanced countries deals with various methods such as guarantee for bill, payment guarantee, and can be resold in financial market. Recently importance of forfaiting is increasing in international commercial transactions. Therefore profound study on forfaiting is required. The study will examine the risk that happens to the concerned parties in forfaiting, and its management measures. The study adopted literature review method such as local and foreign books and papers about trade finance, internet information about forfaiting, and professional journal related with international finance.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.43-62
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• 2017

This paper proposes an integrated risk-management framework that includes 1) measuring the risk of credit portfolios, 2) implementing a (macro) stress test, and 3) setting risk limits using the estimated systematic latent factor specific to capture the housing market cycle. To this end, we extract information from a set of real-estate market variables based on the FAVAR methodology proposed by Bernanke, Boivin and Eliasz (2005). Then, we show the method by which the estimated systematic factor is applied to risk management in the housing market in an integrated manner within the Vasicek one-factor credit model. The proposed methodology is well fitted to analyze the risk of slow-moving and low-defaultable forms of capital, such as alternative investments.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.177-199
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• 2006

Recently, it has become important to establish a technology appraisal system because of increasing a service of technology credit guarantee. Also, there have been many efforts to evaluate a technology in the advanced countries. The technology/credit appraisal model which can measure firms' performance was suggested by Small and Medium Business Administration. In this paper, we analyze a structural validity of the model by confirmatory factor analysis and estimate the model which can distinguish whether an investment is possible or not by discriminant analysis.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제71권
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• pp.85-105
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• 2016

Independent guarantee is new financial product developed in international commercial transaction. The nature of independent guarantee is an independent undertaking, which takes the form of documentary transaction. As long as the documents presented by the beneficiary are on their face complying with the terms and conditions of the guarantee, the guarantor is obliged to pay upon the complying presentation. Where parties choose to apply for issue of independent guarantee in international commercial transactions in China, Chinese court shall respect the autonomy of parties. If either the guarantor or the beneficiary is located outside of China, or the facts which cause the establishment, change or cancellation of independent guarantee relationship occurred outside of China, it shall be deemed as foreign related independent guarantee. If the interested parties requests for confirmation of the independence of foreign related independent guarantee, it shall be supported by Chinese court. However, parties dealing with Chinese domestic commercial transaction have not fully realized the severity of independent guarantee liability. The market credit is being cultivated and the financial innovation is being explored at present in China. In order to guard against the systematic and the regional financial risk, before relevant rules are promulgated, Chinese court shall not recognize the independence guarantees issued for the domestic commercial transaction, but treat it as joint liability surety.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.115-132
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• 2009

This paper makes an analysis of economic spillover effects of credit guarantee by linking the remainder of guarantee according to industries from 2003 to 2006 in this study. Specifically, total remainder of guarantee in 2006 is approximately 3922 billion and 600 million won on the basis of unchangeable price in 2003, and each funds becomes the input of the last demand in 27 industries over the cow1try and, thereby, induces production, added value, and the effect of employment. The last demand according to industries shows that a lot of funds have been supported to the manufacturing industry for about 1200 billion won, the wholesale and retail for about 1299 billion and 500 million won, food and lodging industry for about 144 billion and 100 million won, education and health care industry for about 132 billion and 600 million won, and social and other service industry for about 339 billion and 300 million won. The spillover effect about the remainder of guarantee in 2006 classified by industries over the country on the basis of production shows the high effects on the manufacturing industry for 37.8%, 2625 billion and 90 million won, the wholesale and retail for 20.7%, 1439 billion and 290 million won, food and lodging industry for 9.4%, 654 billion and 570 million won, real estate and business service industry for 9.2%, 637 billion and 310 million won, social and other service industry for 5.3%, 369 billion and 90 million won, and education and health care industry for 2.9%, 199 billion and 300 million won of the effect causing production over the country, 6945 billion won in order. The effect causing added value shows high spillover effect on the wholesale and retail for 36.7%, 1186 billion and 830 million won, the manufacturing industry for 25.8%, 831 billion and 500 million won, food and lodging industry for 14.9%, 480 billion and 980 million won, social and other service industry for 9.3%. 300 billion and 160 million won, and real estate and business service industry for 4.2%, 135 billion and 36 million won of the effect causing added value over the country in order. Finally, the effect causing employment shows a lot of employment have occurred in the wholesale and retail for 37.4%, 23,060 people, the manufacturing industry for 18.9%, 11,637 people, food and lodging industry for 13.7%, 8,429 people, social and other service industry for 7.9%, 4,866 people, and real estate and business service industry for 5.6%, 3,429 people of 61,617 people in order.