• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.23-40
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• 2000

Because the international trading community has witnessed a number of significant technical and commercial changes, documentary credit practices will quite clearly need to be updated to meet both the business and technical demands of the latest commercial and technical developments in international trade. The potential for developing "paperless credit" should, therefore, be examined. TradeCard is a B2B(business-to-business) e-commerce infrastructure that enables buyers and sellers to conduct and settle international trade transactions securely over the Internet and objective of TradeCard is to provide a secure, reliable cost-effective and user-friendly solution for conducting and settling international trade transactions. This paper analyzes the reviews of TradeCard by Electronic Message and the various problems which come to application of TradeCard, with particular attention to existing international frameworks for Payment systems based on Documentary Credit.ry Credit.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 1995

On the basis of intertemporal utility maximization theory and stock-adjustment hypothesis, a multivariate stock-adjustment credit demand model, which included on- and cross-adjustment effects of credit and cross-adjustment effects of assets was developed. With weighted four-year panel data from 1983 and 1986 Surveys of Consumer Finances, the theoretical model was tested using two-stage estimation method for tobit model. The results supported the hypothesis that, in general, the household demand for a certain type of credit was related to the demand for other types of credit and asset components in the portfolio. The household demand for mortgage credit, installment credit and revolving credit card debt depended not only on the disequilibrium of itself but on the disequilibrium of the other types of credit and asset components in the portfolio. The household demand for non-installment credit was related not to the disequilibrium of itself and other types of credit but to the disequilibria of asset components in the portfolio.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07d
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• pp.2580-2582
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• 2002

Currently using of card sway the our community together with developing industry, whether it is credit card or not any type of card, people have the card in the wallet. But these cards have a little problem like ragne of communication, data store term, and so on. So we adopt the bluetooth. Bluetooth has been watched on local wireless communication among the wireless communication method. Bluetooth has ranged from 10m to 100m for communication and dissipated low power. Besides bluetooth has the communication speed faster than communication method of other smart card. In this paper we designed the smart card which is automatically accounted without any payment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2001.01a
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• pp.97-108
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• 2001

Frauds detection is a difficult problem, requiring huge computer resources and complicated search activities Researchers have struggled with the problem. Even though a fee research approaches have claimed that their solution is much better than others, research community has not found 'the best solution'well fitting every fraud. Because of the evolving nature of the frauds. a novel and self-adapting method should be devised. In this research a new approach is suggested to solving frauds in insurance claims credit card transaction. Based on evolutionary computing approach, the method is itself self-adjusting and evolving enough to generate a new self of decision-makin rules. We believe that this new approach will provide a promising alternative to conventional ones, in terms of computation performance and classification accuracy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.293-304
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• 2001

frauds detection is a difficult problem, requiring huge computer resources and complicated search activities. researchers have struggled with the problem. Even though a flew research approaches have claimed that their solution is much bettor than others, research community has not found 'the best solution'well fitting every fraud. Because of the evolving nature of the frauds, a Revel and self-adapting method should be devised. In this research a new approach is suggested to solving frauds in insurance claims and credit card transaction. Based on evolutionary computing approach, the method is itself self-adjusting and evolving enough to generate a new set of decision-making rules. We believe that this new approach will provide a promising alternative to conventional ones, in terms of computation performance and classification accuracy.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2009

국내에서 신용카드는 대표적인 지불 수단으로 정착되었으며 신용카드의 사용자와 신용카드의 발급 매수는 이미 포화상태에 도달해 있다. 이 같은 양적 성장은 정부의 신용카드 활성화 정책과 더불어 신용카드사 간의 과당 경쟁의 영향에 기인하고 있다. 신용차드의 사용층은 대부분의 성인 남녀로 확대되었으며, 특히 복수의 신용카드 소지자를 대상으로 자사가 발급한 신용차드를 사용하게 하기 위한 신용카드사 간의 경쟁이 치열한 상황이다. 이에 따라 신용카드사들이 경쟁사의 카드사용 회원을 자사의 회원으로 확보하는 젓이 불가피하며 마찬가지로 사용 중인 자사의 회원이 경쟁사로 이동하지 않도록 사전에 이탈 징후를 포착하여 유지 캠페인을 수행하는 것이 신용카드사 마케팅의 주요 활동이 되었다. 선행연구에서는 신용카드 회원의 이탈과 관련하여 다양한 데이터마이닝 기법을 이용한 이탈의 특성 분류 연구가 진행되었다. 본 연구는 회원 이탈에 영향을 주는 요인을 효과적으로 발견하기 위한 방법으로 베이지안 네트워크(Bayesian Network)를 활용한다. 특히, 베이지안 네트워크의 일종인 일반 베이지안 네트워크(General Bayesian Network)를 이용하여 회원의 이탈요인에 영향을 주는 요인들의 집합인 마코프 블랭킷(Makov Blanket)을 도출한다. 한편, 마코프 블랭킷에 포함된 변수를 이용해 민감도 분석을 수행하여 영향이 큰 요인을 찾아내고 이를 비즈니스 프로세스에 적용하여 실무적인 의의를 실증하고자 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.599-611
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of increased debt on the incidence of domestic violence over the two-year interval 2014-2016. To investigate Korean low-income households with economic hardships, we analyzed the 9th and the 11th waves of the Korea Welfare Panel Study, which is jointly sponsored by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs and the Institute of Social welfare, Seoul National University. The study analysis was based on data from 2,786 households with less than 60% of median income. The main study findings are as follows. First, increases in economic hardships incur domestic violence for low-income households, while increases in low-interest debt decrease the incidence of the domestic violence when controlling for economic hardships. All other things being equal, economic hardship works as a stressor and low-interest debt works as an alleviator influencing domestic violence. Second, when low-income households are experiencing economic hardships, low-interest debt fails to work as an alleviator. Under this circumstance, high-interest debt actually acts as a stressor influencing domestic violence. Thus, we can speculate that use of debt under economic hardships will occur domestic violence for low-income households. This study differs from previous studies in that it examines the effect of increase in debt on the incidence of the domestic violence across different types of debt: low interest, high interest, and credit card. We can conclude that debt can function as a stressor or an alleviator for low-income households, depending on the interest rate and the households' financial situation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

With the rise of internet and e-commerce, this is more applicable now than ever. People rely on computer networks to provide them with news, stock prices, e-mail and online shopping. People's credit card details, medical records and other personal information are stored on computer systems. Many companies have a web presence as an essential part of their business. The research community uses computer systems to undertake research and to disseminate findings. The integrity and availability of all these systems have to be protected against a number of threats. Amateur hackers, rival corporations, terrorists and even foreign governments have the motive and capability to carry out sophisticated attacks against computer systems. Therefore, the field of information and communication security has become vitally important to the safety and economic well being of society as a whole. This paper provides an overview of IDS and IPS, their functions, detection and analysis techniques. It also presents comparison of security capability and characteristics of IDPS techniques. This will make basis of IDPS(Intrusion Detection and Protection System) technology integration for a broad-based IDPS solutions

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.13
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• pp.1033-1055
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• 2000

Almost business enterprises have recently used electronic commerce to conduct their business. Electronic commerce has come to encompass the Internet as well as EDI on private networks begun in the 1960s. The Internet is already changing the way that many companies conduct their business. Domestic electronic commerce has rapidly enhanced, while Int'l electronic commerce has gone steady. There are four issues for developing of Int'l Electronic Commerce. Firstly, The EDI Standardization is to be uniformed and prevailed over the world in UN/EDIFACT authorized by ISO. Secondly, There are two useful systems on Electronic Document Transmission, so called, Bolero project system and Trade Card System. It is thought that Bolero system will be more useful for large trading enterprises, especially, who need a Letter of Credit and electronic B/L, while T/C system is proper to small trade companies who do not need those. Successful results of Bolero system is very important for Int'l electronic commerce enterprises. Thirdly, to secure electronic signature, Int'l Certification Authority is essential for the users of Int'l electronic commerce. Trusted way of distributing public keys is to use a Int'l Certification Authority. The Int'l Certification Authority will accept user's public key, along with some proof of identity and serve as a depository of digital certificates. Both governments and the International business community must involve archiving keys with trusted third parties. Finally, It is important that all the nations and UNCITRAL continue efforts to make legal bases in Int'l electronic commerce concerned, including electronic signature, certification etc.