• Title/Summary/Keyword: Creatinine biosensor

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A Creatinine Biosensor with Reduced Interference from Creatine (크레아틴의 방해영향을 줄인 크레아티닌 바이오센서)

  • Gu, Hyunwoo;Gwon, Kihak;Lim, Eunhye;Shin, Jae Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.249-255
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    • 2012
  • The planar-type amperometric creatinine biosensor employing an additional enzyme layer containing creatine kinase and adenosine triphosphate was developed to eliminate severe interference from creatine. In the additional enzyme layer, an interfering substance, creatine is converted to noninterfering product, phosphocreatine. Furthermore, the carbon electrode electroplated with Pt black(Pt-B) was employed to fabricate creatinine biosensors with improved sensor performance(e.g., sensitivity, reliability, and reproducibility). The creatinine levels in an unknown sample were determined within less than 5% errors using creatinine microsensors equipped in a flow-cell cartridge.

Characterization of Homocysteine ${\gamma}$-Lyase from Submerged and Solid Cultures of Aspergillus fumigatus ASH (JX006238)

  • El-Sayed, Ashraf S.;Khalaf, Salwa A.;Aziz, Hani A.
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.499-510
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    • 2013
  • Among 25 isolates, Aspergillus fumigatus ASH (JX006238) was identified as a potent producer of homocysteine ${\gamma}$-lyase. The nutritional requirements to maximize the enzyme yield were optimized under submerged (SF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions, resulting in a 5.2- and 2.3-fold increase, respectively, after the last purification step. The enzyme exhibited a single homogenous band of 50 kDa on SDS-PAGE, along with an optimum pH of 7.8 and pH stability range of 6.5 to 7.8. It also showed a pI of 5.0, as detected by pH precipitation with no glycosyl residues. The highest enzyme activity was obtained at $37-40^{\circ}C$, with a $T_m$ value of $70.1^{\circ}C$. The enzyme showed clear catalytic and thermal stability below $40^{\circ}C$, with $T_{1/2}$ values of 18.1, 9.9, 5.9, 3.3, and 1.9 h at $30^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$, and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. Additionally, the enzyme $K_r$ values were 0.002, 0.054, 0.097, 0.184, and 0.341 $S^{-1}$ at $30^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$, and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme displayed a strong affinity to homocysteine, followed by methionine and cysteine when compared with non-S amino acids, confirming its potency against homocysteinuria-related diseases, and as an anti-cardiovascular agent and a specific biosensor for homocysteinuria. The enzyme showed its maximum affinity for homocysteine ($K_m$ 2.46 mM, $K_{cat}\;1.39{\times}10^{-3}\;s^{-1}$), methionine ($K_m$ 4.1 mM, $K_{cat}\;0.97{\times}10^{-3}\;s^{-1}$), and cysteine ($K_m$ 4.9 m M, $K_{cat}\;0.77{\times}10^{-3}\;s^{-1}$). The enzyme was also strongly inhibited by hydroxylamine and DDT, confirming its pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) identity, yet not inhibited by EDTA. In vivo, using Swiss Albino mice, the enzyme showed no detectable negative effects on platelet aggregation, the RBC number, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, or creatinine titer when compared with negative controls.