• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.353-359
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• 2009

Most domestic container terminals are lack of container storage capacity compared to the throughput of container. The main reason is the difference between the theoretical capacity applied to the development of terminals and the real capacity of a berth Another reason seems to be the increase of the container crane in number per berth to match the need for the getting larger vessel, which is resulted from the increase of the berth capacity from the start. This study, therefore, aims to suggest the economic size of container yard by comparing the existing one. For this the berth capacity was recalculated, the required yard size derived considering up to 10,000TEU vessel and then cost comparison done.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.343-348
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• 2006

Number of researches on efficient terminal operation system applying RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) are on progress. However, RFID has limitations on tracking and providing accurate positions of containers. In this paper, to enhance the performance of the integrated terminal operation system, an efficient loading management of yard is proposed by applying RFID-based RTLS(Real Time Locating System) that provides real-time accurate positions of containers. We found that a group-based sequence system is more efficient than the existing individual sequence number system in the container yard. In the group-based sequence system, the containers in the same group should have similar characteristics such as port of destination(POD), size, weight, etc. In order to run this system, we have proposed the parameters to the unspecified N bytes of RFID tag which are specified in ISO 18000-7. And, this paper proposed a development of integrated operation system of container terminal using RFID for reducing the ship turnaround time in ubiquitous port environment.

• IE interfaces
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.78-86
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• 2011

To mitigate space restriction and to raise productivity, some shipbuilding companies use floating-docks on the sea instead of dry-docks on the land. In that case, a floating-crane that can lift very heavy objects (up to 3,600 tons) is used to handle the blocks which are the basic units in shipbuilding processes, and so, very large blocks (these are called the mega-blocks) can be used to build a ship. But, because these mega-blocks can be made only in the area near the floating-dock and beside the sea, the space is very important resource for the process. Therefore, our problem is to make an efficient spatial schedule for the mega-block assembly yard. First of all, we formulate this situation into a mathematical model and find optimal solution for a small problem using a commercial optimization software. But, the software could not give optimal solutions for practical sized problems in a reasonable time, and so we propose a GA-based heuristic algorithm. Through a numerical experiment, finally, we show that the spatial scheduling algorithm can provide a very good performance.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.249-255
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• 2008

IOn 7th of Dec. 2007, large oil spill took place the seas off the Taean coast caused by the collision between VLCC Hebei Spirit and crane floating barge Samsung-1 and a lot of problems were revealed during response to the accident. The author, accordingly, examined to analyze the cause of this accident on the aspect of spill prevention and presented some preventive measures, such as strictness to the current standard for tug operation, expansion of VTS service area and transfer of the VTS responsibility to Korea Coast Guard, designation of appropriate anchorage per ship's type, cargo and visiting purpose, and special management for dangerous goods carriers.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2014

In container terminals, stacking yard is the place where import and export containers are temporarily stored before being loaded onto or after being discharged from a ship. Since all the containers go through the stacking yard in their logistic flow, the productivity of the terminal critically depends on efficient operation of stacking yard, which again depends on how well the stacking locations of the incoming containers are determined. However, a good location for stacking an incoming container later can turn out to be a bad one when that container is to be fetched out of the stacking yard, especially if some rehandling is required. This means that good locations for the containers are changing over time. Therefore, in most container terminals, the so-called remarshaling is done to move the containers from bad location to good locations. Although there are many previous works on remarshaling, they all assume that the remarshaling can be done separately from the main jobs when the cranes are idle for rather a long period of time. However, in reality, cranes are hardly available for a period long enough for remarshaling. This paper proposes a crane dispatching strategy that allows remarshaling jobs to be mixed together with the main jobs whenever an opportunity is detected. Experimental results by simulation reveals that the proposed method effectively contributes to the improvement of terminal productivity.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.155-170
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• 2010

Availability of economic and efficient energy resources is crucial to a nation's development. Because of their low cost and advancement in drilling and exploration technologies, oil and gas based energy systems are the most widely used energy source throughout the world. The inexpensive oil and gas based energy systems are used for everything, i.e., from transportation of goods and people to the harvesting of crops for food. As the energy demand continues to rise, there is strong need for inexpensive energy solutions. An offshore platform is a large structure that is used to house workers and machinery needed to drill wells in the ocean bed, extract oil and/or natural gas, process the produced fluids, and ship or pipe them to shore. Depending on the circumstances, the offshore platform can be fixed (to the ocean floor) or can consist of an artificial island or can float. Semi-submersibles are used for various purposes in offshore and marine engineering, e.g. crane vessels, drilling vessels, tourist vessels, production platforms and accommodation facilities, etc. The challenges of deepwater drilling have further motivated the researchers to design optimum choices for semi-submersibles for a chosen operating depth. In our series of eight papers, we discuss the design and production aspects of all the types of offshore platforms. In the present part I, we present an introduction and critical analysis of semi-submersibles.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.717-723
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• 2007

In recent years, the transportation sector has been undergoing very rapid and multifarious changes due to the M&A, alliances between shipping companies, introduction of larger container ship as it cost reduction measure and the application of integrated logistics to satisfy the needs of customers. Therefore, container terminal is required adequate terminal facilities, sufficient channel depth, efficient handling and low cost of port fees and dues. The purpose of this paper is for functional assessment of efficient container terminal. Firstly, the container operating process information about yard equipment and chassis is extracted through the analysis of practical daily work report of container terminal. Also, the formulae of skill factor and troubles of operator on transfer crane are defined. Lastly, container handling simulation model which consideration of skill factor and trouble of operator is proposed by Petri network model.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2012

Recent global supply chain, improving the efficiency of container shipping process is very important. In the overseas shipping of goods, the voyage of super containership is common to overcome amount of increasing cargo. Thus, container terminal managers make an experiment on the double cycle and dual cycle operation, which ship loading and unloading were carried out simultaneously, for maximizing the productivity of quay side. Yard Tractors(YTs) pooling methods also are introduced for increasing the efficiency of assignment of YTs. In this paper, we analyzed the efficiency of dual cycling through comparing existing pooling methods with the modified method for the dual cycling. We developed a simulation model using simulation analysis software, Arena. The result of experiment shown that the more dual cycling don't always increase the gross crane rate(GCR), which means productivity of quay cranes(QCs) per hour.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 2017

Recently, container terminal operators have made efforts to develop an efficient remarshalling plan in response to the increase in automation of equipment handling and transport of containers in the terminals. Usually, containers are handled by multiple AYCs(automated yard cranes) in-yard in an automated container terminal, and terminal operators establish a remarshalling plan using slack time to increase the efficiency of ship operation. This study develops the optimal mathematical model through mixed integer programming as a solution to the problem of dispatching multiple AYCs. Considering the difficulty of direct application to the field due to computation time, we analyze the five prototypical dispatching rules for real world adaptation. A numerical experiment found that the maximum weight ratio (MR) rule and the maximum weight (MW) rule are the ideal dispatching solutions to the multiple AYCs dispatching problem.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.25-40
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• 2019

Today, container terminals are fiercely competing to attract an increasing number of containers. As a way to improve terminal productivity, this study proposes two dispatching rules for yard truck allocation priorities. First, Multi-Attribute Dispatching Rule(MADR) is an allocation method to calculate the weighted sum of multiple factors affecting container terminal productivity and priority them. Especially, the workload of the quay crane was considered one of the factors to reduce the residence time of the ship. Second, Cycling Dispatching Rule(CDR) is the effective way to increase the number of double cycles that directly affect terminal productivity. To identify the effects of combinations of pooling and dispatching, a comparative experiments was performed on 8 scenarios that combined them. A simulation environment has been developed for experiments and the results have demonstrated that the combination of terminal level pooling and Multi-attribute Dispatching could be an excellent combination in KPIs consisting of GCR and delayed departure of ships, etc.