• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2013년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.320-324
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• 2013

A crack identification method using an equivalent bending stiffness for cracked beam and committee of neural networks is presented. The equivalent bending stiffness is constructed based on an energy method for a straight thin-walled pipe, which has a through-the-thickness crack, subjected to bending. Several numerical analysis for a steel cantilever pipe using the equivalent bending stiffness are carried out to extract the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the cracked beam. The extracted modal properties are used in constructing a training patterns of a neural network. The input to the neural network consists of the modal properties and the output is composed of the crack location and size. Multiple neural networks are constructed and each individual network is trained independently with different initial synaptic weights. Then, the estimated crack locations and sizes from different neural networks are averaged. Experimental crack detection is carried out for 3 damage cases using the proposed method, and the identified crack locations and sizes agree reasonably well with the exact values.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.622-634
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• 2003

This paper is concerned with a computational method for recovering a crack shape of steam generator tubes of nuclear plants. Problems on the shape identification are discussed arising in the characterization of a structural defect in a conductor using data of eddy current inspection. A surface defect on the generator tube ran be detected as a probe impedance trajectory by scanning a pancake type coil. First, a mathematical model of the inspection process is derived from the Maxwell's equation. Second, the input and output relation is given by the approximate model by virtue of the hybrid use of the finite element and boundary element method. In that model, the crack shape is characterized by the unknown coefficients of the B-spline function which approximates the crack shape geometry. Finally, a parameter estimation technique is proposed for recovering the crack shape using data from the probe coil. The computational experiments were successfully tested with the laboratory data.

• 소음진동
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.209-214
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• 1997

균열을 가진 회전축은 고조파성분이 진동에 나타나는 특징을 갖는다. 이 고조파성분을 균열탐지에 활용하기 위하여는 이들이 크게 발생되는 회전수를 이용할 필요가 있다. 2차고조파공진속도를 정의하여 이 속도에서의 균열과 불균형질량 방위각에 따른 고조파 진동 특성을 단순회전체에서 설명하였다. 이 특성을 이용하여 균열의 위치를 나타낼 수 있는 알고리즘을 만들고 수치실험을 하여 타당성을 보였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.47-65
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• 2012

The presence of crack-like defects in mechanical and structural elements produces failures during their service life that in some cases can be catastrophic. So, the early detection of the fatigue cracks is particularly important because they grow rapidly, with a propagation velocity that increases exponentially, and may lead to long out-of-service periods, heavy damages of machines and severe economic consequences. In this work, a non-destructive method for the detection and identification of elliptical cracks in shafts based on stress wave propagation is proposed. The propagation of a stress wave in a cracked shaft has been numerically analyzed and numerical results have been used to detect and identify the crack through the genetic algorithm optimization method. The results obtained in this work allow the development of an on-line method for damage detection and identification for cracked shaft-like components using an easy and portable dynamic testing device.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.611-617
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• 2018

대형구조물의 효과적인 구조 안전성 확보를 위해서는 결함탐지기술을 포함한 건전성 모니터링의 적용이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 보 구조물에 발생하는 균열위치와 균열크기를 추정하기 위하여 다음과 같은 2단계의 균열추정방법을 제안한다. 우선, 보 구조물의 분포 국부 변형률 계측결과를 이용하여 변형률 모드형상을 구하고, 이에 대한 수정 라플라시안(Laplacian) 연산을 통하여 균열발생 영역을 추정한다. 이후, 가속도 측정을 통하여 구한 고유주파수와 신경망기법을 이용하여, 미리 추정된 균열발생 영역을 대상으로 균열위치와 균열크기를 추정한다. 이때, 신경망을 훈련시키기 위하여, 에너지법에 의해 유도된 균열보의 등가휨강성을 이용하여 균열보의 고유주파수를 해석적으로 구한다. 기법을 검증하기 위하여 알루미늄 캔틸레버 보에 대한 손상실험을 수행하였다. 인위적으로 실험체에 균열을 가한 후 자유진동실험을 수행하여 동적 변형률과 가속도를 계측하고 이를 이용하여 변형률 모드형상과 고유주파수를 구하였다. 변형률 모드형상에 대한 수정 라플라시안 연산을 통하여 균열발생 영역을 추정하고, 고유주파수와 신경망기법을 이용하여, 미리 추정된 균열발생 영역에 대하여 균열위치와 균열크기를 판정하였다. 3가지 손상경우에 대한 균열발생 영역의 추정결과는 실제 영역과 잘 일치하였으며, 균열위치와 균열크기 추정결과의 정확성을 상당히 향상시킬 수 있었다. 제안된 기법은 장대구조물에 대한 구조물 건전성 모니터링에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.299-313
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• 2014

In the first part of this paper, the influences of some of crack parameters on natural frequencies of a cracked cantilever Functionally Graded Beam (FGB) are studied. A cantilever beam is modeled using Finite Element Method (FEM) and its natural frequencies are obtained for different conditions of cracks. Then effect of variation of depth and location of cracks on natural frequencies of FGB with single and multiple cracks are investigated. In the second part, two Multi-Layer Feed Forward (MLFF) Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are designed for prediction of FGB's Cracks' location and depth. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Back-Error Propagation (BEP) algorithms are applied for training ANNs. The accuracy of two training methods' results are investigated.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.421-431
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• 2022

Concrete slab cracks monitoring of modern high-speed railway is important for safety and reliability of train operation, to prevent catastrophic failure, and to reduce maintenance costs. This paper proposes a curvature filtering improved crack detection method in concrete slabs of high-speed railway via graph-based anomalies calculation. Firstly, large curvature information contained in the images is extracted for the crack identification based on an improved curvature filtering method. Secondly, a graph-based model is developed for the image sub-blocks anomalies calculation where the baseline of the sub-blocks is acquired by crack-free samples. Once the anomaly is large than the acquired baseline, the sub-block is considered as crack-contained block. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method performs better than convolutional neural network method even under different curvature structures and illumination conditions. This work therefore provides a useful tool for concrete slabs crack detection and is broadly applicable to variety of infrastructure systems.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2024

Rotating beams play a crucial role in representing complex mechanical components that are prevalent in vital sectors like energy and transportation industries. These components are susceptible to the initiation and propagation of cracks, posing a substantial risk to their structural integrity. This study presents a two-stage methodology for detecting the location and estimating the size of an open-edge transverse crack in a rotating Euler-Bernoulli beam with a uniform cross-section. Understanding the dynamic behavior of beams is vital for the effective design and evaluation of their operational performance. In this regard, modal parameters such as natural frequencies and eigenmodes are frequently employed to detect and identify damages in mechanical components. In this instance, the Frobenius method has been employed to determine the first two natural frequencies and corresponding eigenmodes associated with flapwise bending vibration. These calculations have been performed by solving the governing differential equation that describes the motion of the beam. Various parameters have been considered, such as rotational speed, beam slenderness, hub radius, and crack size and location. The effect of the crack has been replaced by a rotational spring whose stiffness represents the increase in local flexibility as a result of the damage presence. In the initial phase of the proposed methodology, a damage index utilizing the slope of the beam's eigenmode has been employed to estimate the location of the crack. After detecting the presence of damage, the size of the crack is determined using a Genetic Algorithm optimization technique. The ultimate goal of the proposed methodology is to enable the development of more suitable and reliable maintenance plans.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제73권2호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2020

This study aims to estimate crack location and crack length in damaged beam structures using transfer matrix formulations, which are based on analytical solutions of governing equations of motion. A single variable shear deformation theory (SVSDT) that considers parabolic shear stress distribution along beam cross-section is used, as well as, Timoshenko beam theory (TBT). The cracks are modelled using massless rotational springs that divide beams into segments. In the forward problem, natural frequencies of intact and cracked beam models are calculated for different crack length and location combinations. In the inverse approach, which is the main concern of this paper, the natural frequency values obtained from experimental studies, finite element simulations and analytical solutions are used for crack identification via plots of rotational spring flexibilities against crack location. The estimated crack length and crack location values are tabulated with actual data. Three different beam models that have free-free, fixed-free and simple-simple boundary conditions are considered in the numerical analyses.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.396-400
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• 2006

We studied the influences of open cracks in free vibrating beam with rectangular section using a numerical model. The crack was assumed to be single and always open during the free vibration and equivalent bending stiffness of a cracked beam was calculated based on the strain energy balance. By Galerkin's method, the frequencies of cantilever beam could he obtained with respect to various crack depths and locations. Also, the experiments on the cracked beams were carried out to find natural frequencies. The cracks were initiated at five locations and the crack depths were increased by five steps at each location. The experimental results were compared with the numerical results and the comparison results were discussed.