• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.150-154
• /
• 2003

마유는 다른 동물의 젖과는 달리 매우 독특한 구성성분을 이루고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 HPLC를 이용하여 마유의 비타민 A 함량을 결정하고, 우유의 비타민 A 함량과 비교분석하기 위한 것이다. HPLC를 이용하여 마유와 우유의 비타민A 함량을 분석한 결과 RT는 약 4.4 분이었다. 그리고 시료 100g당 우유와 마유의 비타민 A 함량은 각각 112 I.U, 42 I.U로서 우유가 마유보다 약 2.7배 가량 높았으며, 지방 1g당 비타민 A 함량은 우유가 30.41 I.U, 마유가 27.99 I.U로 마유가 우유보다 약간 적은 것을 알 수 있었다. 결과적으로 우유의 비타민 A 함량은 마유의 비타민 A 함량보다 높았다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1993

Samples of bulk herd milk, foremilk, last milk (stripping) and individual cow sample were collected and their somatic cell number were counted with Fossomatic counter (FCC), Coulter counter(CC), direct microscopic somatic cell count(DMSCC) and Califormia mastitis test (CMT), The results were compared and summarized as follows : 1. Mean somatic cell counts of 120 bulk herd milk samples obtained by DMSCC, FCC and CC were 433,203, 481,213 and 676,245 respectively. 2. Mean somatic cell counts of 116 foremilk samples obtained by DMSCC, FCC and CC were 515,035, 611,845 and 725,051 respectively 3. Mean somatic cell counts of 87 last milk samples obtained by DMSCC, FCC and CC were 718,506, 839,874 and 1,041,160 respectively. 4. Mean somatic cell counts of 57 individual cow samples obtained by DMSCC, FCC and CC were 449,258, 491,018 and 521,315 respectively. 5. Mean somatic cell counts of all samples increased with the increasing CMT score, and the cell counts were higher by CC than by FCC. 6. The correlation coefficients between the somatic cell counts by CMT and CC were 0.926 in bulk herd milk, 0.707 in foremilk 0.688 in last milk and 0.675 in individual cow sample, respectively 7. The correlation coefficients between the somatic cell counts by CMT and FCC were 0. 945 in bulk herd milk, 0.705 in foremilk 0.694 in last milk and 0.727 in individual cow sample, respectively. 8. The correlation coefficients between the somatic cell counts by CC and FCC were 0.978 in bulk herd milk, 0.997 in foremilk 0.983 in last milk and 0.985 in individual cow sample, respectively.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.61-69
• /
• 2000

Thirty-one dairy cow from two farm(more than 500,000 cells/ml of bulk milk) in Kyongbuk northern province were selected because of their high somatic cell(more than 500,000 cells/ml of milk In individual cow). Each cow received. staphylococcus aureus vaccine(Labac Staph) and immunostimulant(Ultracon) by intramuscular injection to be repeated every fifteen days for S times. The present study was investigated variation of somatic cell after administration of Labac Staph and Ultracon, and antibiotics resistance of isolated staphylococcus spp from milk in selected cow. The results obtained through the survey were summarized as follows ; 1. Ten dairy cow was injected in A farm. Chronic mastitic two cow after 2rd injection was weeded out the herd. Decrease rate of somatic cell after 1st, 2nd, ,3rd, 4th and 5th administration were 41.4%, 35.6%, 56.4%, 65.4% and 36.7%, respectively. Twenty-one cow was injected in B farm. Chronic mastitic five cow after ,3rd injection was weeded out the herd. Decrease rate of somatic cell after 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th administration were 36.9%, 59.9%, 24.5%, 62.6% and 78.4%, respectively. 2. In A farm, isolated staphylococcus spp were identified as S hyicus 2 strains(11.8%), coagulase negative staphylococcus 15 stains(89.2%) and S epidermidis 6strain(35.3%). In B farm, isolated staphylococcus spp were identified as S aureus 19 strains(55.98%) and coagulase negative staphylococcus 15 strains (44.2%). 3. In A fm, antibiotics resistant rate of isolated staphylococcus spp was high at ampicillin, penicillin and kanamycin, and middle at neomycin, streptomycin and erythromycin. in B farm, antibiotics resistant rate was moderate at ampicillin, penicillin, gentamicin, ka-namycin, neomycin, streptomycin, erythromycin and tetracycline, and coagulase negative staphylococcus spp was moderate at streptomycin.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 1994

이 실험에서는 소의 유즙에 있는 성장인자를 세포배양을 통해 확인하고 크로마토그래피를 사용하여 분리 정제하였다. 5%의 우유를 포함하는 배지를 FBS(fetal bovine serum)를 포함한 배지와 비교했을때 Africal green monkey kidney cell의 성장 촉진 효과가 비슷하게 나타났으며, 우유의 성장인자를 분리 정제한 결과 FBS배지에서보다 2,000배 이상의 성장 촉진 효과가 나타났다. 이 성장인자는 hydrophobic column(phenyl-sepharose)과 gel-filtration column(sephadex G-100)을 사용하여 분리했으며 그 결과 milk-deriven growth factor는 phenyl-sepharose에서 50% ethylene glycol step에서 용출되므로 hydrophobic protein임이 증명되었고 size exclusion column chromatography로 부터 분자량이 100,000-15,0000 범위의 고분자 물질임이 밝혀졌다. 또한 우유의 성장인자는 매우 다양하며 그중 본 실험으로부터 정제된 물질이 주요 성장인자로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.630-635
• /
• 1996

For a survey of the occurrence of aflatoxin M$_{1}$ (AFM$_{1}$) in domestic cow's milk, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system, and quantitated the toxin in cow's milk. In order to produce specific antibodies AFM, conjugated to bovine serum albumin (AFM$_{1}$-BSA) and Freund's adjuvant were immunized subcutaneously to rabbits. By use of the antiserum showing the highest titer and AFB$_{1}$-HRP conjugate, we established a competitive direct ELISA (cdELISA) for AFM$_{1}$, whose detection limit was 0.003 ppb. The cross-reactivities of the antiserum against aflatoxin M$_{1}$ M$_{2}$, B$_{1}$, B$_{2}$, G$_{1}$, G$_{2}$, B$_{2a}$, and G$_{2a}$, were 100, 29.9, 25.0, 2.7, 13.0, 0.65, 0, and 0%, respectively. When the cdELISA was applied to the cow's milk spiked with AFM$_{1}$ and followed by cleanup with C$_{18}$ cartridge, the mean recovery of the assay was 104% (mean of CV, 6.4%) in the final concentration of 0.01-1 ppb (10-1, 000 ppt). When cow's milk samples gathered from markets and farms were assayed by the cdELISA, the mean concentration and SD of AFM$_{1}$ was 80.4 $\pm$ 55.0 ppt (n=64; range, 5.6-280 ppt).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.437-442
• /
• 1993

두유에 우유를 각각 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%(v/v) 첨가하고 두부를 제조하여 일반성분의 함량변화, 수율과 pH 변화, 관능검사, 견고성, 무기이온 함량의 변화 및 amino acid 조성을 조사 비교하였다. 수분함량은 우유첨가로 다소 감소하는 경향을, 당, 지방, 단백질, 회분의 함량은 우유의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였고 pH 값은 우유의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라서 높아졌다. 두부의 무게와 용적은 우유의 첨가량에 비례적으로 증가하였다. 굳기는 우유 첨가량에 비례하여 증가하였으며 금속이온의 함량변화는 우유의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 비례적으로 $Ca^{＋＋}$, $K^{＋}$, $Na^{＋}$는 증가한데 반하여 $Mg^{＋＋}$, Fe$^{＋＋}$는 감소하였다. 관능평가에서 색감은 우유의 첨가량이 증가할수록 식감과 냄새 그리고 맛은 30~40%의 우유 첨가에서 평점이 높았다. 함황아미노산의 함량은 우유 10, 20, 30, 40, 50% (v/v) 합한 경우 각 대조구(0%)에 대하여 1.51, 1.58, 1.67, 1.85, 1.95배 증가되었다. 즉 두유에 우유를 첨가하여 두부를 만들 경우 기존 두부의 품질에 큰 변화없이 두부의 단백질이 강화되었고 부수적으로 맛도 구수하게 향상되는 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.837-844
• /
• 1994

In order to making the good quality soybean cheese, it is prepared byover growing cow's milk added soybean curd with Actinomucor elegans and the nold-overgrown curd soked in salt-brine/ethanol mixture. The physicochemical changes and sensory evaluation were investigated during the aging period. Crude protein, carbohydrate, crude fat ash contents of the pehtze were increased by elapsing the fermentation time, whereas moisture's decreased . Amino-N and ammonia -N contents of cow's milk added pehtze and soybean phetze were increased 17.25%, 7.23% and 16.16%, 8.42% respectively. Total nitrogen content of the pehtze was decreased by elaping the aging time but soaking solution's increased. Free amino acid content of soybean cheese was increased as a result of the proteolytic action of molds. As a result, sulfur containing amino acid such as methionine and cysteine of the cow's milk added soybean cheese were enriched 1.3 times more than the soybean cheese. Flavor, taste and texture of the cow's milk added soybean cheese were higher than soybean cheese.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권11호
• /
• pp.1858-1865
• /
• 2020

Objective: The microbiota of dairy cow milk varies with the season, and this accounts in part for the seasonal variation in mastitis-causing bacteria and milk spoilage. The microbiota of the cowshed may be the most important factor because the teats of a dairy cow contact bedding material when the cow is resting. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether the microbiota of the milk and the cowshed vary between seasons, and to elucidate the relationship between the microbiota. Methods: We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to investigate the microbiota of milk, feces, bedding, and airborne dust collected at a dairy farm during summer and winter. Results: The seasonal differences in the milk yield and milk composition were marginal. The fecal microbiota was stable across the two seasons. Many bacterial taxa of the bedding and airborne dust microbiota exhibited distinctive seasonal variation. In the milk microbiota, the abundances of Staphylococcaceae, Bacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Microbacteriaceae, and Micrococcaceae were affected by the seasons; however, only Micrococcaceae had the same seasonal variation pattern as the bedding and airborne dust microbiota. Nevertheless, canonical analysis of principle coordinates revealed a distinctive group comprising the milk, bedding, and airborne dust microbiota. Conclusion: Although the milk microbiota is related to the bedding and airborne dust microbiota, the relationship may not account for the seasonal variation in the milk microbiota. Some major bacterial families stably found in the bedding and airborne dust microbiota, e.g., Staphylococcaceae, Moraxellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Bacteroidaceae, may have greater influences than those that varied between seasons.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.983-988
• /
• 2007

The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between bovine casein (CN) mRNA expression levels in mammary epithelial cells and lactation period, the yields of milk proteins and other parameters. The cells were collected from each cow's milk, which contained somatic cell counts (SCC) of less than 100,000 cells/ml. The levels of ${\alpha}s1-$, ${\alpha}s2-$, ${\beta}$- and ${\kappa}$-CN mRNA expression were significantly correlated with each other in mammary epithelial cells (p<0.01). All cows produced either less than 30 kg/day/cow or a over 30 kg/day/cow level of milk yield (MY). It was shown that the CN mRNA expression levels decreased gradually from the calving period to late lactation, when MY was over 30 kg/day/cow. The SCC tended to increase gradually during the course of lactation, but it was negatively correlated with milk protein and CN yields (p<0.01) when MY was less than 30 kg/day/cow. Moreover, there was a tendency for a negative correlation between SCC and ${\alpha}s1$-CN and ${\beta}$-CN mRNA expression level, when MY was less than 30 kg/day/cow (p<0.05).

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.22-26
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The diagnosis of cow's milk (CM) allergy is a challenge. The Cow's Milk-related-Symptom-Score ($CoMiSS^{TM}$) was developed to offer primary health care providers a reliable diagnostic tool for CM related symptoms. The predictive prospective value of the $CoMiSS^{TM}$ was evaluated in three clinical trials. Methods: Pooled analyses of the three studies were conducted based on regressing the results of the month-1 challenge test on the month-1 $CoMiSS^{TM}$, adjusting for baseline $CoMiSS^{TM}$ using a logistic regression model. In addition a logistic regression model was also fitted to the month-1 challenge test result with the change in $CoMiSS^{TM}$ from baseline as a predictor. Results: Results suggest that infants having a low $CoMiSS^{TM}$ (median, 5) after 1 month dietary treatment free from intact CM protein have a significant risk of having a positive challenge test (odds ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-0.93; p=0.002). Pooled data suggest that the change in $CoMiSS^{TM}$ from baseline to month-1 can predict CM related symptoms as a confirmed diagnosis according to the challenge test at month-1. However, in order to validate such a tool, infants without CM related symptoms would also need to be enrolled in a validation trial. A concern is that it may not be ethical to expose healthy infants to a therapeutic formula and a challenge test. Conclusion: Pooled data analysis emphasizes that the $CoMiSS^{TM}$ has the potential to be of interest in infants suspected to have CM-related-symptoms. A prospective validation trial is needed.