• 임상이비인후과
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.259-263
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• 2018

There are many treatment options for the malignant melanoma. Wide excisional surgery is one of the most acceptable treatments for locoregional treatment. Depending on the pathologic classification, however, some other treatment option can be included such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy as adjuvant treatment. Small cell type malignant melanoma is a rare variant of malignant melanoma. It is known that melanomas manifesting this morphology are invariably in vertical growth phase and have an aggressive course. The authors encountered small cell type malignant melanoma and would like to share the experience of successful treatment with surgery plus immunotherapy as one of adjuvant treatment options.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.189-200
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• 1974

The mitral valve replacement with Beall prosthetic valve was performed on three patients, and double valve replacement. aortic and mitral valve, was performed in this department.1) The preoperative studies about the first case were compatible with mitral steno-insufficency.The diseased mitral valve was replaced with the medium sized Beall prosthetic valve under the cardiopulmonary hypass using hypothermic hemodilution technique. The total perfusion time was eighty minutes. Immediate postoperative course was smooth, but this patient was died of asphyxia due to tracheomalacia complicated after tracheostomy 3 months after operation. Autopsy on this patient revealed that no thrombus and no ball variance could be found, and endothelization on the valve cuff was satisfactory. 2) The preoperative studies on the second case were compatible with mitral insufficiency. The diseased mitral valve was replaced with the medium sized Beall prosthetic valve under the cardiopulmonary bypass using hypothermic hemodilution technigue. The total perfusion time was 123 minutes. This patient was discharged in good condition and follow-up study after 16 months revealed the patient had enjoyed healthy life. 3) The preoperative studies about the third case were compatible with aortic insufficiency and mitral stenoinsufficiency. The diseased valves were replaced with type 2 sutureless Magovern aortic valve and the medium sized Beall mitral prosthesis under cardiopulmonary bypass using hypothermic hemodilution technIque and coronary artery perfusion. The total perfusion time was 155 minutes. This patient was discharged in good condition, but thromboembolism was developed 2 months after discharge. 4) The preoperative studies about the fourth case were compatible with mitral insufficiency. The diseased mitral valve was replaced with the medium sized Beall prosthetic valve. The total perfusion time was 132 minutes. The atrioventricular block developed just after operation but converted to normal sinus rhythmn on the third postperative day. The preoperative NYHA functional classification IV was converted to Class 1 or 11 at the time of discharge and this patient enjoyed healthy life. Attendum; The fifth case, nineteen years old male with mital insufficiency underwent Beall valve replacement and his course was uneventful 2 weeks after operation.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제30권
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• pp.12.1-12.7
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• 2015

Objectives In South Korea, health insurance data are used as material for the health insurance of national whole subject. In general, health insurance data could be useful for estimating prevalence or incidence rate that is representative of the actual value in a population. The purpose of this study was to apply the concept of episode of care (EoC) in the utilization of health insurance data in the field of environmental epidemiology and to propose an improved methodology through an uncertainty assessment of disease course and outcome. Methods In this study, we introduced the concept of EoC as a methodology to utilize health insurance data in the field of environmental epidemiology. The characterization analysis of the course and outcome of applying the EoC concept to health insurance data was performed through an uncertainty assessment. Results The EoC concept in this study was applied to heat stroke (International Classification of Disease, 10th revision, code T67). In the comparison of results between before and after applying the EoC concept, we observed a reduction in the deviation of daily claims after applying the EoC concept. After that, we categorized context, model, and input uncertainty and characterized these uncertainties in three dimensions by using uncertainty typology. Conclusions This study is the first to show the process of constructing episode data for environmental epidemiological studies by using health insurance data. Our results will help in obtaining representative results for the processing of health insurance data in environmental epidemiological research. Furthermore, these results could be used in the processing of health insurance data in the future.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.102-106
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• 2011

Objective : Although there are several explanations for a duplicated middle cerebral artery (DMCA), its embryological origin is still an open question. We reviewed these anomalous vessels to postulate a theory of their different origins, sizes, and courses. Methods : A retrospective review of 1,250 cerebral angiographies, 1,452 computed tomography (CT)-angiographies, and 2,527 magnetic resonance (MR)-angiographies was performed to identify patients with DMCA. Results : Twenty-five patients had 25 DMCAs. Conventional angiography detected nine patients with DMCA (9/1250, 0.72%), MR-angiography detected seven patients with DMCA 0.28%), and CT-angiography detected nine patients with DMCA (9/1452, 0.62%). The DMCAs originated near the internal carotid artery terminal in eight patients (type A), and between the origin of the anterior choroidal artery and the terminal internal carotid artery in 17 patients (type B). The diameters of the eight type A DMCAs were the same or slightly smaller than those of the other branch of the DMCA. All type A DMCAs showed a course parallel to that of the other branch of the DMCA. The diameters of the 17 type B DMCAs were the same, slightly smaller, or very much smaller than that of the other branch of the DMCA. Nine type B DMCAs showed parallel courses, and the other eight curved toward the temporal lobe. Conclusion : The two branches of the type A DMCAs can be regarded as early bifurcations of the MCA. The branches of the type B DMCAs had parallel courses or a course that curved toward the temporal lobe. The type B DMCA can be regarded as direct bifurcations of the MCA trunk or the early ramification of the temporal branch of the MCA.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 1978

First: The common points from "syllabus" period to that of "Course of study" are as follows: 1) with no introduction explained. the "Syllabus" or "Course of study" was made to be completed in accordance with the allotment of time (unit). 2) To teach how to rear animals and grow plants, and to make specimens with collected samples formed a great significant field of learning, which meant giving more emphasis on learning classification, life-centered education and basic field of learning than discipline-centered education. 3) The reason why the field of applied biology was emphasized on was that both periods had ideals in Common to educate persons more necessary and useful to the society than to major the pure academic field. 4) Both periods mainly dealt with problems of diseases, and physical health discussed all over the world in 1950's which accounts for necessity of the society to free from ignorance. Second; "The first curriculum period" and "the second one" are observed as follows: 1) The former took the unit (credit) system for the first time. It tried to lay down the conceptual hierarchy with "Biology I" and "II" divided, while "Biolgy I" is better systematized than "Biology II". 2) Discipline-centered education and structure fo knowledge are put more emphasis on especially in "the 2nd curriculum period". 3) And also in this period are included serious problems such as urgency of pollution, importance of nature conservation, population due to the development of industry. 'Third; With the recent curriculum laid down, experiments and teaching contents of subjects are put in harmony with each other and accordingly the process of Inquiry is laid emphasis on. Fourth; It is necessary to set up conceptual sequence and scope effectively in the curriculum.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.751-759
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• 1998

The study of the validity test on the self-monitoring scale for nurses In this study, both the literary survey as well as empirical research has been executed to test the validity of the scales that measure the construct of the self-monitoring scale. The self-monitoring scale could not be classified into five factors as Snyder suggested. Many other scholars (Briggs, Cheek and Buss, 1980) suggested 3 different classifications which was accepted by Snyder and Gangestad (1986). John, Cheek and Klohnen(1996) claimed a two-factor classification. As has been discussed, factor analysis is used to prove convergent validity within the factor and discriminant validity between the factors. However, depending on the researchers, many variations in classification of the factors were found and a lack of content and discriminant validity were found in the previous research findings. It is also important to note that Snyder's self-monitoring scale did not factor-load at over. 30 for all 25 items, regardless of how many factors could be classified. According to findings of this study, the self-monitoring scale neither classified as five, three or two factors nor factor loaded as hypothesized. It is also clear that Snyder's self-monitoring scale lacks convergent validity as the sub-factors of the scale failed to prove its uni-dimensionality. The A self-monit oring scale not only fail to overcome the problems of Snyder's self-monitori ng scale but even lost the attractiveness of the self-monitoring scale. In this study it was also found that the A self-monitoring scale was not classified in either in a two or three-factor classification as hypothesized. It is, of course, not desirable to use any scale that lacks convergent and discriminant validity even though it has been widely used and has held a great deal of influence on the field of social psychology. To overcome the shortcomings of Snyder's self-monitoring scale, Lennox and Wolfe(1984) suggested 13 items. This study was dedicated to test the validity and reliability of the scale, in which we found that the data presented in validity as the two factors were class ified and loaded as expected. Reliability was also proven by checking Cronbach's α for each factor and for the total items. In addition, a confirmatory factor analysis was executed for the 13 items using LISREL 8.12 program to confirm convergent validity in a two-factor classification. The model was fitting and sound : however, the self-monitoring scale was unfitted and not validated. Thus, it is recommended to use not the original nor the abbreviated self-monitoring scale but the 13 items in future studies. It should also be noted that items 7 and 13 should be removed to obtain better uni-dimensionality for the 13 items. These items loaded at over. 30, too high for the two factors in the test results of Factor analysis. In addition, it is necessary to double-check the cause of two-hold loading at over .30 for the two factors. It could be a problem caused by data or by the scale itself. Therefore, additional studies should follow to better clarify this matter.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.173-186
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• 1998

In this study, both the literary survey as well as empirical research has been executed to test the validity of the scales that measure the construct of self-monitoring scale could not be classified into five factors as Snyder suggested. Many other scholars (Briggs, Cheek and Buss, 1980) suggested 3 different classifications which was accepted by Snyder and Gangestad (1986). John, Cheek and Klohnen (1996) claimed a two-factor classification. As has been discussed, factor analysis is used to prove convergent validity within the factor and discriminant validity between the factors. However, depending on the researchers, many variations in classification of the factors were found and a lack of content and discriminant validity was found in the previous research findings. It is also important to note that Snyder's self-monitoring scale, did not factor-load at over 30 for all 25 items, regardless of how many factors could be classified. According to findings of this study, the self-monitoring scale neither classified as five, three or two factors nor factor loaded as hypothesized. It is also clear that Snyder's self-monitoring scale lack convergent validity as the sub-factors of the scale fail to prove its uni-dimensionality. The A self-monitoring scale not only fail to overcome the problems of Snyder's self-monitoring scale but even lost the attractiveness of the self-monitoring scale. In this study, it was also found that the A self-monitoring scale was not classified as hypothesized in either in a two or three-factor classification. It is, of course, not desirable to use any scale that lacks convergent and discriminant validity even though it has been widely used but also has held a great deal of influence on the field of social psychology. To overcome the shortcomings of Snyder's self-monitoring scale, Lennox and Wolfe(1984) suggested 13 items. This study 1. was dedicated to test the validity and reliability of the scale, in which we found that the data presented in validity as the two factors were classified and loaded as expected. Reliability was also proven by checking Cronbach's alpha for each factor and for the total items. In addition, a confirmatory factor analysis was executed for the 13 items using LISREL 8.12 program to confirm convergent validity in a two-factor classification. The model was fitting and sound ; however, the self-monitoring scale was unfitted and not validated. Thus, it is recommended to use not the original or the abbreviated self-monitoring scale but the 13 items in future studies. It should also be noted that items 7 and 13 should be removed to obtain better uni-dimensionality for the 13 items. These items loaded at over .30, too high for the two factors in the test results of factor analysis. In addition, it is necessary to double-check the cause of two-hold loading at over .30 for the two factors. It could be a problem caused by data or by the scale itself. Therefore, additional studies should follow to better clarify this matter.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.433-438
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 한우의 근내 지방 부분을 초음파 기기를 이용하여 촬영한 초음파 영상의 특징 분석을 통해 classification 알고리즘을 이용하여 한우의 도체육질 등급을 예측하는 방법을 제안하며, 인체의 초음파 영상을 이용하여 진단 및 치료 검증 과제에 있어 사전 연구로 진행된 연구로, 차후에는 초음파 영상의 분석 범위를 확대할 예정이다. 한우의 초음파 영상을 활용한 경우에는 생체 정보를 한우 개량의 측면에서 생체 육질 정보를 조기에 획득하여 활용함으로써, 도축하지 않고도 육질 및 육량을 측정하여 개량의 속도를 배가시킬 수 있고, 농가 경영 측면에서 출하시기 및 방법의 조절로 농가 수익향상에 일조할 수 있는 중요한 핵심 기술이다. 이에 대한 많은 연구가 미국과 일본을 중심으로 이루어져 왔으며, 특히 기기에 의한 객관적인 측정방법들이 다양하게 연구되고 있지만 정확도가 낮다. 따라서 제안된 연구에서는 한우의 근내 지방 초음파 영상에 특징점 추출 알고리즘과 classification 알고리즘을 적용하여 한우의 도체 육질을 예측하였다. 실험 결과 제안하는 방법을 적용하였을 경우, 기존의 방법에 비해 효율적인 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.156-162
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• 1998

저자들은 1983년 1월부터 1998년 1월까지 총담관낭 환아 28례 중 4례(14.2 %)에서 자연적으로 발생한 총담관낭 천공에의한 담즙성 복막염을 경험하였고 이 중 3례에서 일차적인 낭종 절제와 간관공장 문합술을 시행하였으며 이 모든 예에서 합병증 없이 회복되었기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 총담관낭 천공에의한 답즙성 복막염치료는 일차적 낭종 절제와 간관 공장 문합술이 안전하고 효과적인 방법이라고 생각된다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.5-29
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 현재 한국 문헌정보학과에 개설된 교과목들의 현장필요성을 평가하고 교과과정의 개선방향을 모색하고자 하였으며, 현장사서들을 대상으로 현재의 교과목운영에 대한 만족도 조사를 기반으로 구체적으로 필수 또는 핵심과목, 그리고 선택과목으로 나누어 제안하였다. 필수과목으로 사서실습, 문헌정보학개론, 정보조직학(분류목록), 정보조사 제공론, 도서관경영론, 정보검색론 등 6개 과목, 핵심과목으로 정보자료분류목록실습, 주제별정보원(참고정보원), 장서개발론, 디지털도서관론, 서지학개론, 기록관리학개론 등 6개 과목, 나머지 과목은 학교의 상황 및 교수진의 구성에 따라 선택과목으로 개설할 것을 제안한다. 또한 교육방법으로 사서실습 및 현장답사를 통한 교육, 발표 및 토론위주 교육을 제안하며, 문헌정보학 교육과정의 내실화를 위해 중요한 것은 교육주제의 최신성, 교육내용의 전문성, 교육자의 전문성 및 자질, 교육교재의 전문성, 담당과목과 담당교수의 전공상관도 제고 등이다.