• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.66-73
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• 1971

Pollen analysis was made on peat deposits in the area of Pyung Taek County, Central Korea. Arboreal pollen(AP) of Alnus, Abies, Ligustrum, Viburnum and Carpinus composed 70-80% of the total pollen detected in this sample area. Judging from the large amount of arboreal pollens, one can assume that those species were dominant in this district when the pollen was deposited. Among the arboreal pollens, Alnus pollen occurred more often than any other trees. Pollens of Betula, Tilia and Ulmus occurred rarely in each layers of peat deposit. The pollen diagram showed that Pinus and Abies markedly increased from the bottom to the top of the peat, while Ligustrum, Quercus and Tilia decreased proportionately. Non-arboreal pollens (NAP) and spores composed about 30 percent at the lower layer, but decreased considerably in the upper layer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 1995

As a initial methodological approach to rational land use planning in the county-level area, three types of land suitability classification techniques were examined from the viewpoint of their practical applicability through the case study of Seungju-gun area, Chonnam-province, Korea : major factors' criteria(method I ), principal component analysis( I ), and local monitoring( R( ). Each method has its strong and weak points as shown in Tab.-5. Therefore, when its practical application, there seem to be wide-range methodological selectivities from exclusive use of the best one to intermethodological combination of related ones In the beginning stage, intermethodological combination of all three types were tried to formulate the best solution possible. However, because of reliability problem of method R accrued from non- uniformity of evaluators'quality, only two methods( 1 , E ) were combined into a new evaluation method The applied results of the new combined method to case study area are shown in Fig.-2, 3 and 4.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.276-284
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the effects of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 on hospital visits in the Incheon area over the period of 2016-2018. Methods: We applied correlation analysis and Poisson regression to perform the analysis using cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease data from the National Health Insurance Service and the daily average PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 from the Korea Environment Corporation adjusting for time lag. Results: When the daily average PM₁₀ concentration increased by 10 ㎍/㎥, the number of cardiovascular disease patients were 1.002 times higher (95% CI [Confidence Interval]; 1.000-1004) in Ganghwa County. As the daily average PM_2.5 concentration increased by 10 ㎍/㎥, the number of cardiovascular disease patients were 1.012 times higher (95% CI; 1.008-1.016) in Ganghwa County. As the daily average PM₁₀ concentration increased by 10 ㎍/㎥, the respiratory disease patients were 1.003 times (95% CI; 1.002-1.004) higher in Gyeyang and Michuhol Counties. As the PM_2.5 concentration increased by 10 ㎍/㎥, the respiratory disease patients were 1.003 times higher (95% CI; 1.002-1.005) in Bupyeong County. Conclusions: In some parts of the Incheon area there was a correlation between the number of patients with respiratory and cardiovascular conditions and the concentration of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.3941-3954
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• 2020

In this paper, the climate change in Haiyan County in recent decades was analyzed in detail with the methods of moving average, Mann-Kendall non-parametric mutation test and wavelet analysis. According to the variation trend of meteorological factors such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, pan evaporation and precipitation in recent decades, the climate of Haiyan County has a tendency of drought, which is becoming more and more serious. From the results of the analysis, the sunshine hours and the air temperature in Haiyan County have an obvious upward trend. The average surface temperature has increased by 2.75 ℃ from 1976, and its largest increase occurred in the late 1970s and 1980s. At this stage, the average surface temperature increased by 1.37 ℃. The relative humidity has a decreasing trend that has decreased by 2.75％. From 1976 to the present, there are two quasi-3a cycles and one quasi-6a cycle. The precipitation and evaporation showed the opposite change trend, in which the trend of precipitation fluctuated upward, while the trend of evaporation showed a fluctuating downward tendency, which led to the serious loss of water in the feeding area. The wind direction in Haiyan County are mainly from west to east, and its wind speed has a trend of slight increase.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.4091-4094
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• 2014

Background: This study used the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) to analyze Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) bronchioaveolar carcinoma data to identify predictive models and potential disparity in outcomes. Materials and Methods: Socio-economic, staging and treatment factors were assessed. For the risk modeling, each factor was fitted by a Generalized Linear Model to predict cause specific survival. The area under the ROC was computed. Similar strata were combined to construct the most parsimonious models. A random sampling algorithm was used to estimate modeling errors. Risk of cause specific death was computed for the predictors for comparison. Results: There were 7,309 patients included in this study. The mean follow up time (S.D.) was 24.2 (20) months. Female patients outnumbered male ones 3:2. The mean (S.D.) age was 70.1 (10.6) years. Stage was the most predictive factor of outcome (ROC area of 0.76). After optimization, several strata were fused, with a comparable ROC area of 0.75. There was a 4% additional risk of death associated with lower county family income, African American race, rural residency and lower than 25% county college graduate. Radiotherapy had not been used in 2/3 of patients with stage III disease. Conclusions: There are socio-economic disparities in cause specific survival. Under-use of radiotherapy may have contributed to poor outcome. Improving education, access and rates of radiotherapy use may improve outcome.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2007

Educational Facility has a specialty that similar design is repeatedly taken place so the importance of POE(Post Occupancy Evaluation) is increased for the improvement of problem appeared at the former projects. The POE could provides help to the design of next project and the direction when the need of remodeling is faced. Through the process of POE, the repeat of design mistakes could be prevented and the good information related with building efficiency and other problems could be applied to the design of next school project . In this study, the POE of Manbalro(barefoot) toilet of D Elementary school in rural area of H county is performed. The toilet is renovated as an educational environment improvement project of H county educational office in Chungcheong Namdo Province. The study is focused on the user's behavior at Manbalro toilet for carrying out indicative POE by the subjective response of user's. From the research, several being reformed items is proposed however the toilet is evaluated as a successful project that design purpose of initial stage is applied well.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.15-24
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• 2009

This study tried to develop a tentative evaluation system on greentourism potentials(GTP) of rural villages. The GTP evaluation system consisted of 45 detail criteria within three kinds of large scale criteria, which are human resources of residents capability, amenity resources of tourists attraction, and income resources through exchange activity between rural and urban areas. The evaluation criteria were adapted from several decades existing studies considering the hardware(facility and amenity resources) and software(human resources and programs on tourism)resources in rural villages. Two kinds of test study areas, which are subdivisions of county in a typical rural area(Boori) and an suburbanized area surrounding a big city(Chooboo), located on Keumsan county in Chungnam province, were selected to test the GTP evaluation system. The results showed that the average GTP values of each village in Boori are higher than those of Chooboo, due to higher values in criteria on amenity resources and income resources, which the typical rural area may have higher value in such criteria.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.4587-4590
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• 2016

Background: In many countries gastric cancer has the highest incidence among the gastrointestinal cancers and is the second most common cancer in Iran. The aim of this study was to identify and map high risk gastric cancer regions at the county-level in Iran. Methods: In this study we analyzed gastric cancer data for Iran in the years 2003-2010. Area-to-area Poisson kriging and Besag, York and Mollie (BYM) spatial models were applied to smoothing the standardized incidence ratios of gastric cancer for the 373 counties surveyed in this study. The two methods were compared in term of accuracy and precision in identifying high risk regions. Result: The highest smoothed standardized incidence rate (SIR) according to area-to-area Poisson kriging was in Meshkinshahr county in Ardabil province in north-western Iran (2.4,SD=0.05), while the highest smoothed standardized incidence rate (SIR) according to the BYM model was in Ardabil, the capital of that province (2.9,SD=0.09). Conclusion: Both methods of mapping, ATA Poisson kriging and BYM, showed the gastric cancer incidence rate to be highest in north and north-west Iran. However, area-to-area Poisson kriging was more precise than the BYM model and required less smoothing. According to the results obtained, preventive measures and treatment programs should be focused on particular counties of Iran.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-50
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• 1990

The flora and vegetation of Jindo Archipelago were investigated from 1985 to 1989. In the area, 1089 species, 3 subspecies, 133 varieties, and 22 forma of vascular plants were recovered. From the data, the ecological characteristics such a value 1.39 in Pte-Q and Ch-$D_1-R_3$-e in biological type were recognized. Vegetation of the area is classified into 8 communities: Pinus thunbergii-, Quercus serrata-, Q. variabilis-, Carpinus coreana-, Prunus sargentii-, Camellia japonica-, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii and Q. acuta-community. The actual vegetation map was conducted with the materials obtained by the investigation of the vegetation in 103 area.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.337-347
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• 2010

Most sample surveys are designed to estimate reliable statistics for the whole population and for some large subpopulations. However, the research for small area estimation have been increasing in recent years because users demand to reliable estimates for smaller subpopulations like small areas or specific domains. In Korea, the Economically Active Population Survey(EAPS) is the main household survey that produces monthly unemployment rates for nationwide and 16 large areas (7 metropolitans and 9 provinces) in Korea. For county level estimation, direct estimators are not reliable because of the small sample sizes. We consider small area estimation of the county level unemployment ratesfrom the sample observations in EAPS. To do this, we use an area level model to "borrow strength" from the auxiliary information, such as administrative data and census data. The proposed method is based on the assumption of normality of the model errors in the area level model. The proposed method is compared with the other alternatives in terms of the estimated mean squared errors.