• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2015년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.95-96
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• 2015

In this paper, a single-sourced PV PCS using the trinary asymmetric MLI with a single-ended pre-regulator is proposed. Trinary based asymmetric CHB inverters provide higher output levels for the same number of cells compared to other CHB inverters. However, there is an issue of regeneration with trinary asymmetric inverters and this complicates the system with requirement of bi-directional converters at the input. Modified commutation strategies have been used to remove the regeneration issue with compromise in THD. The single-ended pre-regulator provides the isolated dc-link voltage for the individual H-bridge cells with the advantage of having a single switch and magnetic component. This implementation increases the magnetic utilization of the inductor core and reduces the switching loss in the pre-regulator and also the reduced parts count contributes to the cost competiveness of the proposed PCS. The proposed PV PCS has been verified using simulation results in this paper.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.674-683
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• 2021

A trust-aware secure routing protocol (TSRP) for wireless sensor networks is proposed in this paper to defend against varieties of attacks. First, each node calculates the comprehensive trust values of its neighbors based on direct trust value, indirect trust value, volatilization factor, and residual energy to defend against black hole, selective forwarding, wormhole, hello flood, and sinkhole attacks. Second, any source node that needs to send data forwards a routing request packet to its neighbors in multi-path mode, and this continues until the sink at the end is reached. Finally, the sink finds the optimal path based on the path's comprehensive trust values, transmission distance, and hop count by analyzing the received packets. Simulation results show that TSRP has lower network latency, smaller packet loss rate, and lower average network energy consumption than ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing and trust based secure routing protocol.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.494-502
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• 2019

The quality characteristics and storage stability of chicken breast meat (CBM) was investigated following the injection of whey protein (WP) as a curing ingredient. The moisture content of CBM decreased with increasing concentration of WP. The highest concentration of WP (7%) resulted in the lowest moisture and fat content and the highest protein content of CBM. Injection of WP elevated the pH and water holding capacity (WHC) of CBM. The cooking loss of CBM was significantly decreased with WP injections of 3% and higher. All WP injections increased the $L^*$ of the CBM but decreased the $a^*$ and $b^*$. WP injection increased the springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness and decreased the hardness of the CBM. WP injection increased 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) after 3 and 7 days of storage. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content of the CBM increased with increased concentrations of WP. The total microbial count (TMC) of CBM injected with WP was higher initially and after 3 days of storage. Our results showed WP injection improved the WHC of CBM but decreased the storage stability by increasing TBARS, VBN and TMC.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-20
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• 2022

Paralytic ileus is a metabolic state in which the intestines fail to transmit peristalsis due to failure of the neuromuscular mechanism in the small intestines and colon. It is a major cause of morbidity in hospitalized patients especially during late presentations and points of mismanagement. The causes include infections, electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia, hyponatremia), surgeries and medications. When the exact cause of the disease condition is identified and corrected, paralytic ileus is usually resolved. This case report is that of a 16 year old female who was admitted and managed as a case of paralytic ileus. The patient presented with symptoms of fever, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, vomiting and inability to pass stool or flatus. There was associated body weakness, reduced urine output and weight loss. She was properly examined clinically and sent for various investigations. Investigations such plain abdominal X-Ray, serum electrolyte estimation, chest X-Ray and full blood count were carried out. The results of the investigations done were in keeping with the diagnosis of paralytic ileus, electrolyte imbalance and ongoing sepsis. She was subsequently managed through nil per oral, adequate fluid rehydration, antibiotics and correction of electrolyte imbalance. Following stable clinical state and investigation results, she was discharged and advised on follow-up.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.5.1-5.12
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• 2019

Autophagy is a homeostatic mechanism that discards not only invading pathogens but also damaged organelles and denatured proteins via lysosomal degradation. Increasing evidence suggests a role for autophagy in inflammatory diseases, including infectious diseases, Crohn's disease, cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension. These studies suggest that modulating autophagy could be a novel therapeutic option for inflammatory diseases. Eosinophils are a major type of inflammatory cell that aggravates airway inflammatory diseases, particularly corticosteroid-resistant inflammation. The eosinophil count is a useful tool for assessing which patients may benefit from inhaled corticosteroid therapy. Recent studies demonstrate that autophagy plays a role in eosinophilic airway inflammatory diseases by promoting airway remodeling and loss of function. Genetic variant in the autophagy gene ATG5 is associated with asthma pathogenesis, and autophagy regulates apoptotic pathways in epithelial cells in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Moreover, autophagy dysfunction leads to severe inflammation, especially eosinophilic inflammation, in chronic rhinosinusitis. However, the mechanism underlying autophagy-mediated regulation of eosinophilic airway inflammation remains unclear. The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the role of autophagy in eosinophilic airway inflammation. We also suggest that autophagy may be a new therapeutic target for airway inflammation, including that mediated by eosinophils.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2023

최근 베이커리 시장 규모가 커지면서 케이크나 디저트 등을 개별 포장하여 디저트 카페나 편의점 등과 같은 소매점에 유통 판매되고 있다. 그러나 베이커리 제품은 외부 환경 조건과 미생물에 취약하여 유통 및 저장에 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 독일 베이커리 제품인 '바움쿠헨' 케이크에 치즈 크림이 삽입된 제품에 변형기체포장 처리를 통해 저장기간 동안 미생물 억제와 제품의 품질 유지 효과를 검토하고자 하였다. 일반 대기 조건을 대조구로 하고 100%, 70%, 30%, 0% 농도별로 이산화탄소를 치환한 포장을 처리구로 하여 30℃에 5일간 저장하면서 중량감소율, 경도, 색도, pH, 일반균과 곰팡이/효모의 총균수를 확인하였다. 중량감소율은 대조구에서 5일차에 1.70%로 가장 높은 감소율을 보여주었으며, 저장기간 동안 모든 처리구에서 2% 이내에 중량감소율을 보였다. 이는 제품 내부 수분함량이 감소하면서 발생한 것으로 보인다. 경도 변화 또한 대조구에서 5일차에 2.28 N으로 가장 높은 경도를 보여주었으며, 저장기간 동안 모든 실험구에서 증가하는 중량감소와 유사한 결과를 보여주었다. 이는 저장기간 동안 제품의 수분함량 감소와 전분 노화로 인해 전분 조직에 결정화가 이루어져 경도가 증가한 것으로 판단하였다. 색도 변화는 빵과 크림을 분류하여 확인하였으며, 빵 부분은 저장기간에 따라 b^* 값이 증가하여 황색으로 변하는 모습을 보였으나 육안으로는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 크림 부분은 저장기간 동안 L^* 값은 감소, a^* 값은 증가하는 모습을 확인하였다. pH 변화는 저장기간 동안 감소하였으나 처리구 간의 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다. 대조구에서 일반균 총균수는 초기 2.09 log CFU/g에서 저장 5일차 6.94 log CFU/g로 증가하였고, 100% CO₂와 70% CO₂ 처리구에서 각각 6.20 log CFU/g, 6.02 log CFU/g로 낮은 총균수 농도를 보였다. 효모 및 곰팡이 총균수는 저장 2일차에 100% CO₂ 처리구에서 2.66 log CFU/g, 70% CO₂ 처리구는 2.64 log CFU/g, 30% CO₂ 처리구 2.86 log CFU/g으로 대조구와 0% CO₂ 처리구에 비해 낮은 총균수를 보여주었다. 그러나 3일차부터 처리구 모두 비슷한 값을 보여주어 일반균에 비해 곰팡이 성장 억제효과는 낮은 모습을 보여주었다. 또한 이산화탄소 처리 포장은 이산화탄소가 시료 내부로 용해되어 포장 부피가 감소하는 모습을 보였으며 이로 인해 제품의 형태가 무너지는 모습을 보여주었다. '바움쿠헨' 케이크에 이산화탄소 포장 처리 후 저장기간에 따른 품질변화를 평가한 결과 일반균의 성장 억제에 효과를 보여주었으나 다른 품질 변화에는 크게 영향을 미치지 않은 것을 보여주었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 크림을 포함하는 베이커리 제품에서는 복합적인 영향으로 인해 선행연구와 다른 결과를 보여준 것으로 판단되며, 이러한 크림을 포함하는 베이커리 제품에 대한 연구가 아직 미비하여 계속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 이사화탄소 처리는 포장재의 부피가 감소하는 문제가 있어 이를 보완하기 위해 부피 감소를 방지할 수 있는 이산화탄소 농도 조절 또는 포장 지지대 적용이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.763-772
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• 2018

Objective: Swine manure in Korea is separated into solid and liquid phases which are composted separately and then applied on land. The nutrient accumulation in soil has been a big issue in Korea but the basic investigation about nutrient input on arable land has not been achieved in detail. Within the nutrient production from livestock at the national level, most values are calculated by multiplication of the number of animals with the excreta unit per animal. However, the actual amount of nutrients from swine manure may be totally different with the nutrients applied to soil since livestock breeding systems are not the same with each country. Methods: This study investigated 15 farms producing solid compost and 14 farms producing liquid compost. Composting for solid phase used the Turning+Aeration (TA) or Turning (T) only methods, while liquid phase aeration composting was achieved by continuous (CA), intermittent (IA), or no aeration (NA). Three scenarios were constructed for investigating solid compost: i) farm investigation, ii) reference study, and iii) theoretical P changes (${\Delta}P=0$), whereas an experiment for water evaporation was conducted for analyzing liquid compost. Results: In farm investigation, weight loss rates of 62% and 63% were obtained for TA and T, respectively, while evaporation rates for liquid compost were 8.75, 7.27, and $5.14L/m^2{\cdot}d$ for CA, IA, and NA, respectively. Farm investigation provided with the combined nutrient load (solid+liquid) of VS, N, and P of 117.6, 7.2, and $2.7kg/head{\cdot}yr$. Nutrient load calculated from farm investigation is about two times higher than the calculated with reference documents. Conclusion: The nutrient loading coefficients from one swine (solid+liquid) were (volatile solids, 0.79; nitrogen, 0.53; phosphorus, 0.71) with nutrient loss of 21%, 47%, and 29%, respectively. The nutrient count from livestock manure using the excretion unit has probably been overestimated without consideration of the nutrient loss.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2005

도축 후 24시간 냉장한 지육에서 양쪽 등심을 분할하고 한쪽은 진공포장, 나머지 한 쪽은 함기포장하여 $4^{\circ}C$에 냉장하였다. 그리고 냉장 1, 2 및 3일째의 물리화학적 품질을 비교하였다. 냉장 1일(도축 후 2일)째의 함기포장한 육은 진공포장한 육에 비하여 육즙 감량이 적은 반면 보수력과 관능적 조직감 평가 점수가 높게 나타났다(p<0.05).냉장2일째의 함기포장육은 진공포장육에 비하여 육즙 감량이 적고 전단력이 낮은 반면 적색도가 높고, taurine과 alanine 함량이 많으며, 기호도가 우수하게 나타났다(p<0.05).냉장 3일째의 함기포장육은 진공포장육에 비하여 육즙감량이 적고, 저작성 및 전단력이 낮은 반면 VBN 함량 $(12.37\;mg\%)$이 높고 일반 세균수$(2.6\times10^4\;CFU/cm^2)$가 많았으나(p<0.05), 신선도가 유지되고 있었다. 냉장 기간이 같은 경우, 함기포장육의 pH, 지방 산패도, 명도, 황색도, 가열 감량, 경도, 탄력성, 응집성, 뭉침성, 유리 아미노산 함량 및 가열육 향은 진공포장육에 비하여 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다(p>0.05). 이러한 결과들을 종합해 볼 때에 도축 후 유통 기간이 짧은 돈육의 경우 경비 절감을 위하여 진공포장 방법을 재고할 필요가 있겠다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2002

A survey was under taken of six district of Northern India viz. Bareilly, Pilibhit, Udham Singh Nagar, Nainital, Almora and Rampur. The age, breed, sex and physiological status recorded. A total number of 854 cattle examined out of which lactating (274 cases), non lactating (302 cases) heifers (128 cases), calves (82 cases) and adult male (68 cases) were examined. An incidence of 4.92 percent (42) of microfilarisis was recorded. The highest prevalence was observed in Rudrapur District of Udham Singh Nagar (33.33%, 4/12), followed by Lalkaun in Nanital District (21.74%, 10/46), Rampur (12.50%, 2/16), Bareilly (8.16%, 8/98) and Pilibhit (1.22%, 1/82). No infection was observed in Almora region. Amongst 854 cattle of different group incidence was highest in adult male (12.20%, 10/82), followed by non lactating (3.82%, 12/314) and lactating (2.70%, 2/74), (7.64%, 12/157) was found in Heifers. For haemeto-biochemical, serum minerals estimations and therapeutic study 32 animals suffering from filariasis and 18 healthy animals were taken. 16 animals were treated with ivermectin $@200{\mu}g/kg $ body weight. Effect of this disease on production has also been estimated for which body weight and milk production was observed. The main clinical manifestations observed were anaemia, loss of appetite, debility, oedematous swelling especially in the abdominal region, increased heart rate, and respiration rate. Haematological changes indicated decrease in hemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, erthrocyte fragility and neutrophil, whereas there was significant increase in erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR), total leukocyte count (TLC), lymphocyte and eosinophils. Biochemical changes showed significant reduction in the values of serum albumin, A : G ratio, where as there was significant increase in blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), globulin, total lipid, total cholesterol, phospholipids, serum bilirubin. Serum mineral profile also altered markedly, which indicate a significant decrease in Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn with increase value of Na and Cl. There was no significant change in P and K values. Enzyme pattern in micro filaria infected animal indicated increased level of AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, isocitric dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. In blood gas values and acid/base balance, there was an increase in $PVCo_2$ and $PVo_2$. It has been observed that microfilaria infected cattle showed decrease in body weight and milk production. Animal treated with ivermectin showed the return of these above values toward normalcy.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.80-91
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• 2003

치아우식증의 원인균인 S. mutans GS5와 S. sobrinus 6715에 대한 polyP의 효과를 관찰하여 보다 안전하고 효과적인 치아우식증 예방을 위한 임상적용의 가능성을 고찰하고자 첫째, 다양한 사슬길이의 polyP를 첨가한 후 흡광도를 측정하여 MIC를 결정하고, 둘째, 실험균주를 흡광도 $0.3{\sim}0.5$까지 증식시킨 후 MIC 농도의 polyP를 첨가하여 흡광도의 변화를 측정함으로써 균주증식 후 성장 억제효과를 관찰하였으며, 셋째, 생균수 측정으로 polyP의 항균효과를 평가하였고, 넷째, 핵산유리의 정도로 polyP의 킬레이션 작용여부를 관찰하였으며, 다섯째, polyP의 비수용성 글루칸 합성능력을 관찰하였으며, 여섯째, 투과전자현미경으로 세포막과 세포질 내의 구조적 변화를 관찰하였다. 이상의 연구를 통하여, polyP의 살균작용이 S. mutans와 S. sobrinus에 대한 성장을 억제시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 가늠된다. 이와 같은 성장 억제효과는 polyP의 킬레이션에 의한 것이라기보다는 균주 세포의 구조적, 형태적 변화가 주된 요인이었던 것으로 판단된다.