• 농업과학연구
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.127-150
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• 2005

Under the WTO system, the farm size expansion or the existing korean agricultural structure should be improved to cope with farm income decrease and to continue rice cultivation for food security in the future. This study is aimed at identifying optimum farm size under trade liberalization and import and export parity price system of inputs and outputs. The optimum farm size expressed the minimum point of long run average cost is determined as 15.1ha. The farm size to be equalized as urban laborer's income of 37,361 thousand won per year was revealed 30ha. Therefore the G't recommended farm size of 6ha should be changed to 30ha and the concerned policies for agricultural structure improvement also should be changed to more flexibilitiy.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1623-1629
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• 2010

The high speed rolling stock system considerably belongs to a special industry which requires large-scale investment cost but the recovery term is long. Therefore, to guarantee risk and possibility of technological success in initial investment, tools concerned with various expecting methods like life cycle costs analysis and credibility management are used. In view of this characteristics, the cases on cost structure for HSR RS previously invested should be studied and the method to appropriately allocate the life cycle of each sub-system like arrangement unit, electric device, braking device, door and car body should be realized. Moreover, the environmental aspects of main manufacturer and parts supplier can be checked. This study, through the case study for HSR cost structure in introduction and operational stage of KTX, aims to seek for the method to adapt to environmental changes like EU railway industry of which object is to acquire global market competitiveness by integrating manufacturing and operation of RS and the regulation and operation of IRIS which is performed in Europe.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.87-99
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• 2005

Quality cost system is a key element of an organization's quality program. In this paper we suggest a quality cost evaluation system for aerospace industries considering the aircraft development and manufacturing processes. To reduce the cost of poor quality, we present an extended quality cost concept and detailed quality cost categories. The extended quality cost includes prevention cost, appraisal cost, failure cost, and the cost hidden in the processes. The evaluation of this extended quality cost will be helpful in identifying critical quality issues in aerospace industries.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.42-55
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• 2010

본 논문의 핵심은 일정한 전용항만을 운용하는데 있어 발생되는 물유비용을 크게 3가지로 나누어 이들의 합계가 최소화 될 수 있는 선박톤수 별 연간 발주 항차 수를 최적화하는 것이다. 즉 항만에서 적항과 양항간을 오가며 발생되는 해상수송비용, 도착 선박이 항만에서 선석을 기다리며 발생되는 대기비용, 그리고 수입된 화물이 하역되어 야적장에 보관된 상태에서 발생되는 재고유지비용 등의 비용발생 행태가 대, 중, 소 3가지 선급별 연간 항차 수의 배정에 따라 상이한 만큼, 이들 비용의 합계가 최소화 될 수 있는 최적 항차 배정 의사결정이 요구된다. 이때 해상수송비용은 주어진 선급 별, 항만 별 요율로써 확정할 수 있고, 항만 대기비용은 시뮬레이션 모델로써 추정할 수 있다. 그리고 야적장의 화물 재고유지비용은 연간 평균재고량에 화물 별 단가(單價)와 이자율 등을 감안하여 추정할 수 있다. 포항제철(주)의 원료수입 전용부두를 운영하는 사례 분석 결과에서 규모의 경제 효과에 의한 해상수송비용을 최소화하기 위해 대형선박의 연간 항차 배정 율을 증가시킬 경우, 일정 비율을 지나면 선박 대기비용이 급격히 상승하고 야적장의 재고비용도 다소 상승되어 결국 총비용이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 현재의 전용항만 구조하에서 물류비용을 최소화하기 위해서는 중형선은 연간 총 배정 항차 수의 약 50% 정도의 비중으로, 대형선은 약 33% 정도, 그리고 소형선은 약 17% 내외로 구성하는 것이 최적인 것으로 나타났다. 물론 이러한 분석 결과는 추후 새로운 선석의 건설, 수입화종과 화물량, 단가 등의 변수에 따라 달라질 수 있다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2017

Purpose - Capital structure adjustment costs influence the test of the standard trade-off theory of capital structure. We investigate whether there exist economically significant capital adjustment costs in the Korean retail industry. Research design, data, and methodology - This paper adopts the model of Leary and Roberts(2005) to obtain the hazard rate of capital structure variations. The retail firms traded in the KOSPI and KOSDAQ markets are analyzed from 2000 to 2016. Results - The empirical analysis shows infrequent capital structure adjustments in the Korean retail firms. The duration analysis emphasizes that the fixed adjustment cost plays an important role in the determination of capital structure adjustments for the Korean retail firms. Yet, even after taking account of infrequent capital structure adjustments, the trade off theory only weakly explains the capital structure variations of the Korean retail firms. Conclusions - This paper confirms the existence of capital structure adjustment costs for the Korean retail firms. Our results argue for the significance of fixed adjustment costs in capital structure adjustments. Such emphasis on the fixed cost is inconsistent with the existing studies. The trade off theory does not successfully explain capital structure policy in the Korean retail firms even after considering adjustment costs.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2006

시장의 산업 구조가 더욱 복잡해지고 세계화가 급속도로 진행됨에 따라 현대 시장에서 물류에 대한 관심은 점점 커지고 있으며, 기업에서는 상품의 원가 절감을 위해 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 하지만 물류비용 추정에 대해서는 계산이 복잡하여 대부분 수송 비용을 중심으로 단순화한 선형적인 방법을 사용하고 있으며, 특히 군에서의 물류비용에 관한 연구는 매우 희박한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국방 물류비를 정의하고, 물류비의 구성 및 물류네트워크에 파라 물류비용에 대한 정량화된 정보를 제공할 수 있는 일반적인 모델을 제시하였다. 그리고 이 모델을 군의 주요 피복품인 전투화에 적용하여 군에서의 물류비가 구성 비율에 있어 일반 기업과 어떤 차이가 있는가를 비교 분석하고, 효과적인 비용 절감 방안을 제시할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 군의 물류비용 추정 및 군의 물류 의사 결정에 직접 지원되어 국방 예산의 효율적 운영에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2013

Purpose - It is widely accepted that the process of developing marketing strategy is composed of three steps: market segmentation, target market selection and positioning. However, mass marketing strategy based on cost reduction through economies of scale and standardized products, can be also an effective strategic option. Many marketing scholars including Theodore Levitt emphasize the importance of applying the mass production concept to various industries including service industries. Especially, in times of economic downturn, the capability of providing consumers with low-priced, value products can be an important source of competitive advantage, as well as the ability of providing high-priced premium products. Marketers should decide whether they will implement mass marketing strategy or target marketing strategy. The present study theoretically shows that firms should understand the target customers' price elasticity as well as the firm's cost structure in order to make such a strategic decision. Research design, data, and methodology - Instead of implementing an empirical study, this study provides a theoretical(mathematical) investigation on the effect of consumers' price elasticity on a firm's optimal price level, profit, sales volume, revenue, and cost. The results are mostly deduced from derivative calculations and several graphs are utilized to represent the results on the relationships between the variables under study. Results - The analytical results suggest that it is more profitable for a firm to adopt the segment/target marketing strategy (more specifically the differentiation strategy) when the degree of consumers' heterogeneity is high and the proportion of the fixed cost in the total cost is low. On the other hand, if the degree of consumers' heterogeneity is low and the fixed cost is high, it is better to adopt the mass marketing strategy or the cost leadership strategy. The strategy of concentrating on a single target market will be effective when consumers' needs are highly heterogeneous but the fixed cost is high. Any of the three types of generic strategies proposed my Porter(1980, 1985) can be applied when both the consumers' heterogeneity and the fixed cost are low. This study also proposes the contribution-margin-based method for developing the optimal pricing strategy. Conclusions - One of the primary roles of marketers is to find a proper compromise between the two conflicting goals of maximizing customer satisfaction and minimizing cost. In order to do so, he or she should understand the characteristics of the target customers as well as the cost structure of the firm. In addition to the theoretical analyses, this study discusses several business cases and explains how superior companies find the optimal compromise position between these two goals and dominate the market. One of the radical changes recently taking place in business arena is the reduction of production and distribution costs of both physical goods and information due to the advancement and the wide diffusion of information technology. The cost reduction combined with lowered priced elasticity incurred by customized products and services, will enable many firms to adopt the mass customization strategy.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.561-574
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• 2006

This study presents the results of an economic analysis for a comparison of the single layer and double layer alternatives with respect to a HLW-repository. According to a cost analysis undertaken in the Korean case, the single layer option was the most economical alternative. The disposal unit cost was estimated to be 222 EUR/kgU. In order to estimate such a disposal cost, an estimation process was sought after the cost objects, cost drivers and economic indicators were taken into consideration. The disposal cost of spent fuel differs greatly from general product costs in the cost structure. Product costs consist of direct material costs and direct labor and manufacturing overhead costs, whereas the disposal cost is comprised of construction costs, operating costs and closure costs. In addition, the closure cost is required after a certain period of time elapses following the building of a repository.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.321-333
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• 2003

Although manufacturing cost is a major part of profit in a company, it is difficult to be calculated by an analytic method. Besides, the manufacturing cost gained by simple financial structure dose not have an important meaning in market place. Therefore, an analytic method of computing the manufacturing cost is very necessary in manufacturing system. In this study, we suggested the direct cost analysis model which are able to measure accurate cost analysis of product in manufacturing system. The direct cost analysis model is made up of directly used expenditure for unit product. Also, system performances are put in the manufacturing cost analysis model so that it could be possible to analyze the change of manufacturing cost as system performances change. At the end of this paper, it verifies its relevancy and practicality of the suggested direct cost analysis model through the case study, using real data for direct labor cost.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 1997년도 추계학술대회발표논문집; 홍익대학교, 서울; 1 Nov. 1997
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• pp.138-141
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• 1997

In this study, a simulation model is developed to analyze the effects of routing and scale-economy of transmission facilities on the traffic network topology and investment cost changes in a metropolitan telephone network. Computational experiments showed that the wide deployment of bifurcated routing in a dual-homing configuration reduces significantly the traffic network connectivity and the investment cost. Its enhanced version, when combined with the subscriber network cost model, can be used as a prototype cost proxy model for figuring out the access charges in a multi-operator environment.