• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2010

Hanwoo proven bulls have been selected since 1987 and consequently contributed to farmers for the improvement of beef cattle in Korea. The demand for the quality beef production as well as higher production efficiency was erupted after early 2000 as relatively cheap imported beef released. Therefore the pressure on the reformation of selection index for Hanwoo proven bulls have been piled up to furnish with Hanwoo's competitive. A total of 734 progeny test data were analyzed to select traits and their weights in the selection index to meet the beef market requirement. Regression analysis with stepwise selection method was used to select proper trait and its weight for selection index. A series of computer simulation was carried out to compare the currently using selection index with the alternate two selection indices proposed in this study. New selection index using standardized breeding values of Loin eye Muscle Area (LMA), Backfat Thickness (BFT) and Marbling Score (MS) with weight ratio 1:-1:6 was proposed. Results showed higher performance in improving MS and BFT gain by 22% and 31% still holding 86%~89% of genetic gain achieved by current index in Carcass Weight (CW) and LMA when new selection index was fitted. Because, new index has little consideration for production cost, further research should be performed to build selection index including cost and income simultaneously.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.33-44
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• 2013

As the Internet and mobile services increase, the use of wired/wireless web contents services increase and the demand for various contents explosively grows. To survive in competitive market, and to minimize the errors and warnings for web accessibility and standardization, and then to maximize the web usability, the periodical evaluation for web site should be performed with the events of web marketing and campaign. Through the web evaluation, the errors for technical programming language and contents offering can be found and diagnosed. In this paper, the quantitative and qualitative evaluation method for web site providing web contents are presented, and the analytic results for the 138 home pages in domestic are evaluated to validate the quantitative methodology. The accessibility, standardization, and usability factor are adopted for the evaluation in which accessibility is evaluated for perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust discipline with K-WAH(Korea-Web Accessibility Helper) tool, the standardization are measured for the number of errors and warnings in technical language with the W3C validator, and finally the usability factor is analyzed for the number of visits, average visit duration, and bounce rate with Google Analytics. In addition to, the quantitative analysis is also performed with the consideration of cost for construction and operation of web site. From the results, in the case of total score of 100 in conversion with relative weight, the average and standard deviation are evaluated to be 55 and 14, respectively. The correlation analysis indicates that the coefficient is estimated as 0.058, and then correlation between the quantitative results and cost is evaluated to be a little positive.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2005

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a prevalent and potentially life threatening illness. American Thoracic Society and Infectious Disease Society America recommend combination therapies with ${\beta}-lactam$ plus a macrolide or a fluoroquinolone monotherapy for the empirical treatment of CAP. The aim of this study was to compare moxifloxacin monotherapy with cephalosporin plus azithromycin combination therapies. From January 2004 to March 2005, 18 patients in the moxifloxacin group(MG) and 21 patients in the cefuroxime or ceftriaxone plus azithromycin group(CAG) with CAP were retrospectively reviewed with regard to clinical, laboratory and microbiological data. Each patient was stratified into mild (risk class I-II), moderate (risk class III) and severe (risk class VI, V) group according to and PSI (Pneumonia Severity Index) score. Each group was compared for microbiological eradication, clinical assessment, the length of hospital stay. As results, Total 39 patients with CAP were reviewed. The appropriateness of admission was 83.3% in MC vs. 76.2% in CAC. The mean length of the hospital day was for 8.31 days vs. 7.39 days, days switching parenteral to oral antibiotics in 5.19 days vs. 5.28 days, clinical improvement in 2.43 days vs. 2.61 days in MG vs. CAC. Radiological improvement required 3.75 days vs 3.63 days in MG vs. CAG and bacteriological eradication rate at discharge was the same in the both groups. Mortality rate was 11.1% (2 of 18) vs 14.3% (3 of 21) in MG vs. CAG (p=0.77). Drug cost of the mean 5 hospital days requiring parenteral antibiotics was the most inexpensive in moxifloxacin group for the 147,045 won, and ceftriaxone 1g-azithromycin group for the 170,285 won, cefuroxime bid-azithromycin group for the 207,800 won, ceftriaxone 2g-azithromycin group far the 220,570 won, cefuroxime tid-azithromycin group for the 251,700 won. There was no significant statistical difference in clinical, bacterial, radiological cure and hospital days, and switch to oral days. In conclusion, that i.v. moxifloxacin monotherapy was as effective as azithromycin plus cefuroxime or ceftriaxone combination therapies fur the treatment of CAP. In drug cost analysis, moxifloxacin is less expensive than CAG.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.54
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• pp.58-75
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• 2011

This study explores the management of cable local channel and its related issue of renewed license. Programming of the local channel is the special obligation duty on the cable system operators(SO) under the article 70 (3) of the Broadcast Act. The law provides that SO should operate a local channel which produce, program and transmit the local information, a broadcast program guide and the official announcement items etc. under the conditions as prescribed by Presidential Decree. And the article 55 of the Enforcement Decree defines the scope of broadcast program which transmit through the local channels. And the Korea Communications Commission(KCC) grants a renewed licence 3-5 years based on the level of contribution to the development of local community under the article 31 of the Broadcasting Act and the Rules of Broadcast Evaluation. However, the management of local channel does not give the operators real benefit for the investment of a significant cost, and it could be a reason why the local channel programming has not been vitalizing despite of the legal coercion. To solve the several research questions, this study used in-depth interviews with the experts concerned and literature review for the government documents. The result shows that each SO local channel schedule almost 24 hour a day, but much of them is the repeat programming. In addition to that, the outcome reveals that the scale of the cost investment on the local channel is decreasing and the evaluation score of its management is not so positive figures. These result indicates that the policy of the cable local channel needs revised policy alternatives or paradigm on the basis of realistic goals.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.48-54
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• 2020

DMSMS (Diminishing Manufacturing Sources and Material Shortage) is increased by developing the scientific technique and downsizing the military part market. DMSMS affects the increase in total life cycle costs and serviceability. Therefore, advance control for parts is important to reduce the cost, and a database is needed to share information on the DMSMS. A task needs to be performed continuously by setting the major control item to management more efficiently. The purpose of this study was to deduce the major control item for the DMSMS management system. Thus, the pre-control item basis of the DAPA (Defense Acquisition Program Administration) Manual and the SD-22 Manual were first selected, and the results of the survey were analyzed by AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. Fifteen of the detailed items were stratified into three criteria (Impact, Probability, and cost of the DMSMS), and each weight for the items was calculated using a nine-point scale survey. The AHP survey was executed with 25 specialists in the DMSMS management field, and the score of consistency ratio over 0.1 was excluded. The model explained the results and suggested future directions for development.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.71-89
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to examine X-efficiency of Korean local credit unions in 2001 by employing the stochastic frontier approach. This study uses the intermediation approach in order to define outputs and inputs of the credit unions. We define the outputs as the amounts of loans, and securities. The inputs are labor, deposit and physical capital. The price of labor is estimated by dividing the total wages by the number of employees. The price of deposit equals total interest divided by total deposit, and the price of physical capital is also computed to divide the total sales and administrative expenses by the physical capital. By the result of this study, the average efficiency score is 0.81. This fact indicates that credit unions can reduce their inputs by 19% for the given outputs. If results are arranged into quartiles based on the efficiency, inefficiency of top 25% credit unions is below 9%, and half of them is over 17%. In addition, e result shows that the efficiency is significantly influenced by region and size even if credit unions in Seoul and Daegu showed little difference in efficiency by size. Generally, medium size credit unions are more efficient than large size.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2020

Background: From January 2018, a policy was applied to differentially apply the co-payment for medical expenses of 15,000 won or more from 30% to 10%-30% for each medical fee. This policy lowers the burden on the medical use of the elderly, and it is necessary to analyze the effect of the policy by confirming changes in medical use and supply behavior after 2 years. Methods: The National Health Insurance Service's national medical use database was used. As for the analysis method, first, the medical use and medical supply behavior change over the age of 65 years were confirmed, and second, in order to check the net effect of the policy, the 66-year-old as the experimental group and the 63-year-old as the control group were selected as the control group. The propensity score matching was performed using the variables of age, living alone, income quartile, residence, disability, chronic disease, and co-morbid disease scores, and then it was analyzed using the difference in difference analysis method. Results: The share of the number of treatments under 15,000 won decreased from 37.0% in 2017 to 20.2% in 2018, while the share of the number of treatments under 15,001-20,000 won increased from 8.0% to 22.7%. It was confirmed that the reason for the increase in the cost of treatment per treatment was the result of the increase in the amount of physical therapy and examination. As a result of the policy effect, the burden of co-payment per person was reduced, and as a result, the number of hospital visits per person and the total medical cost per person increased. Conclusion: The self-pay rate differential policy reduced the burden of medical expenses for the elderly and confirmed the increase in medical use. However, the interpretation of the increase in medical use was not able to distinguish whether the unsatisfactory medical care was satisfied or the inducement demand. Efficient allocation of resources is a more important point in the future when the super-aged society is in front. It is necessary to prepare a plan to induce rational medical use within a range that does not impair the medical accessibility of the elderly.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.17-31
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• 2020

With the start of the fourth industrial revolution era, technologies of various fields are merged and new types of technologies and products are being developed. In addition, the importance of the registration of intellectual property rights and patent registration to gain market dominance of them is increasing in oversea as well as in domestic. Accordingly, the number of patents to be processed per examiner is increasing every year, so time and cost for prior art research are increasing. Therefore, a number of researches have been carried out to reduce examination time and cost for patent-pending technology. This paper proposes a method to calculate the degree of similarity among patent documents of the same priority claim when a plurality of patent rights priority claims are filed and to provide them to the examiner and the patent applicant. To this end, we preprocessed the data of the existing irregular patent documents, used Word2vec to obtain similarity between patent documents, and then proposed recommendation model that recommends a similar patent document in descending order of score. This makes it possible to promptly refer to the examination history of patent documents judged to be similar at the time of examination by the examiner, thereby reducing the burden of work and enabling efficient search in the applicant's prior art research. We expect it will contribute greatly.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.381-391
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• 2024

This study examined the factors influencing safety scores in air conditioning installation projects, with a specific focus on the characteristics of safety managers and project-specific details. Given the increase in industrial accidents within this sector and the lack of research on smaller-scale operations, this analysis of 7,046 safety data records from Company A aimed to address this gap. The results indicate that the month of project commencement has the most significant impact on safety scores(correlation coefficient of 0.21), followed by the age of the safety manager(correlation coefficient of 0.06). Interestingly, the educational background of the managers did not appear to influence safety outcomes. Furthermore, project cost was found to have a negative correlation with safety scores(-0.1), suggesting that lower-cost projects may be associated with higher risk levels. These findings underscore the importance of developing tailored safety checklists that take into account the specific timing and scale of air conditioning installation projects. Additionally, the results suggest that incorporating both experienced(older) and less experienced(younger) safety managers into safety strategies may be beneficial for achieving optimal safety outcomes. This balanced approach could leverage the strengths of both groups, potentially enhancing overall risk assessment and mitigation efforts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.203-214
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• 2001

Maternal stress was very common symptom that every pregnant women could have experienced during pregnant period. We found that the causative factors of stress for subjects were physical change(50.8%), family relationship(13.6%), change of body image(7.4%), concern baby(6.8%), economic difficulties(6.4%), depress(4.3%), morning sickness(3%), and miscellaneous(3.5%). According to our study, maternal stress during the first trimester negatively correlated with food and nutrients intake of pregnant women and gave low weight gain during pregnancy and low birth weight of infants. It also significantly correlated with monthly income(p<0.001) and monthly food cost(p<0.001) during pregnant period. Mean intake of Calcium and Iron were $47{\sim}60%$ of RDA and $35{\sim}48$ of RDA, respectively. With the Iron supplement the total intake of Iron exceeded 100% of RDA. We also found majority of food items, except seaweeds, fruits and vegetables, were negatively correlated with maternal stress during three trimesters. Additional support system projected by professionals in health-care field could mediate maternal stress and lead to healthy pregnancy outcome.