• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

The programmable logic array to match the treatment technology to the soil contaminated site based on the site properties in Korea was developed. Based on the previous technology screening system of FRTR (Federal Remediation Technology Roundtable) in USA, total 9 evaluation factors indicating the site characteristics were used for the technology matching process and 8 factors among them were quantitatively weighed in the order of importance. The class interval for each evaluation factor was linearly distributed to give the weighed score and 8 scores were summed up to prioritize the treatment technology. The optimal treatment technology for a specific site was determined according to the total score acquired from 8 evaluation factors used in this technology matching process. The reliability test for the developed technology matching system was done by using information of two real cleanup sites in Korea, suggesting that this guideline will be available to determine the most effective treatment technology to cleanup the soil contaminated site and also to assist the government or the company to design a successful and cost-effective site cleanup plan in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1785-1793
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• 2009

Meal service menu for the elderly on busy farming season in Hongchun, Gangwon was developed and applied using seasonal foods from local crops. Acceptance of each menu right after the meal service was investigated while unit cost and leftover of each menu were also monitored. Acceptance of the staple food in Menu 4 showed the highest value with a score of 8.97.and side dishes of Menu 4 were greatly prdferred with a score of 8.69(p<0.05). General preference on menu was the highest at Menu 4 scoring 8.87(p<0.05). The amount of leftover for a special meal of Menu 3 was 75.80 g, which was the highest (p<0.05). Males left the least of Menu 4(30.82 g) whereas females did of Menu 2 (10.63 g, p<0.05). The foeld application of preference and satisfaction, and the small amount of leftover of the supplied meals.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.132-140
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• 2009

This study was performed to examine the manpower structure of foodservice operations, evaluate the management efficiency of each operation, and propose efficiency improvement guidelines for inefficient operations. For this purpose, a total of 224 B&I foodservice operations managed by an 'A' contract-managed foodservice company were chosen as the study sample. The efficiency scores were obtained through Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) using the CCR model. The efficiency scores ranged from 63.56 to 100 and the average score was 82.47. The average efficiency score of Group 'C'(factory, more than 1,000 meals per day) was the highest among 6 groups. The results of further operations analysis in group 'C' showed that the labor cost percentage was significantly lower(p<0.001) and sales per man-hour significantly higher(p<0.001) in efficient operations compared to inefficient operations within group 'C'. Finally, efficiency improvement guidelines were suggested for the most inefficient operations in group 'C'.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.135-148
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• 2008

Purpose: This study compared the effects of forced air warming and radiant heating on body temperature and shivering of patients with postoperative hypothermia. Methods: The quasi-experimental study was conducted with two experimental groups who had surgery under general anesthesia; 20 patients of group 1 experimented with the Bair Hugger as a forced air warming and 20 patients of group 2 experimented with the Radiant heater. The study was performed from July 3 to August 31, 2006 in a recovery room of an university hospital in a city. The effects of the experiment were measured by postoperative body temperature and chilling score at arrival and after every 10 minutes. The data were analyzed by t-test or ${\chi}^2$-test, repeated measures ANCOVA using SPSS/WIN 12.0. Results: The mean body temperature showed differences between the Bair Hugger group and Radiant Heater group at 40 minutes(F=-2.579, p=.034), 50minutes(F=-2.752, p=.027), and 60 minutes(F=-2.470, p=.047) after arrival to the recovery room. So, hypothesis 1 was partially accepted. The mean score of shivering showed differences between the Bair Hugger group and the Radiant Heater group, but it had no significant meaning. Hypothesis 2 was not accepted. Conclusion: We need more study to explore the effects and side effects of heating modalities to select a more effective heat treatment. The efficiency of heat modalities with regards to cost benefit, time consumption, and patients' discomfort such as burns should be considered.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate patient satisfaction and indirect marketing effects (recommendation, hospital re-visit intention) and additionally to calculate the expected incomes by clinical nurse specialists (CNS). Methods: Sixty-six patients who had lower varicose vein removal surgery performed at two general hospitals from August 1 to November 30, 2008, were recruited. The effects were evaluated by degree of patient satisfaction, the number of personal recommendations given, rate of hospital re-visit intention, and indirect marketing effects. Indirect marketing effects were calculated as the total cost of surgery multiplied by the score of other variables. Results: The patient satisfaction score was 0.82 for CNS and 0.43 for general nurses (GN). The number of personal recommendations given was 2.5 for CNS and 1.1 for GN. The rate of hospital re-visit intention was 0.31 for CNS and 0.21 fot GN. The ratio of expected incomes between CNS and GN is 2.07 to 1. Conclusion: We found that when a CNS serves a patient, satisfaction, number of personal recommendations, hospital re-visit intention, and indirect marketing effects were higher than those of GN. These results show that CNS have dominant roles and functions and that the effects of CNS employment can be measured using economics parameters.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.391-396
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• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and identify variables for the standing balance of elderly subjects with different balancing abilities by using Kinect and Wii Balance Board. Method: The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) test was performed in 40 elderly subjects aged ${\geq}65years$ who can perform daily activities. The participants were divided into two groups, the healthy seniors (n = 20, BBS score ${\geq}52$) and the seniors with balancing problems (n = 20, BBS score < 52). Each group performed two standing tests (eyes open and eyes close) with two devices (Kinect and Wii Balance Board). The root mean square (RMS), mean distance (MDIST), range of distance (ROD), mean velocity, and 95% ellipse area were calculated from the measured data. Results: Among the calculated variables, RMS, MDIST, and ROD in the mediolateral direction showed significant differences between the two groups and a negative correlation with BBS scores. Conclusion: The results of the present study show that simple standing balance of the elderly can be measured with Kinect and Wii Balance Board, which are low-cost, easy to carry, and easy to use, by using the selected variables.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2021

Background: The diagnosis of esophageal varices (EV) is based on the findings of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), biopsy, and serum markers. Thus, noninvasive cost-effective tests through which high-risk EV children can be diagnosed are needed. Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the noninvasive markers for EV in children with liver cirrhosis. Methods: A total of 98 children with liver cirrhosis were evaluated in this study. The spleen size, platelet count, serum albumin, liver function test results, and risk scores were evaluated prior to endoscopy. The endoscopic investigations aimed to identify the presence of EV and red signs, and determine varices sizes. Results: Endoscopy revealed varices in 43 subjects (43.9%). The spleen size, platelet count, international normalized ratio, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), platelet count to spleen size ratio, and risk score differed significantly between patients with and without EV on univariate analysis; however, the logistic regression analysis showed no differences, indicating that none of these parameters were independently associated with the presence of EV. Conclusion: Platelet count, risk score, platelet count to spleen size, and APRI can be useful tools for the identification of high-risk patients with EV and might reduce the need for invasive methods like EGD.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to clarify success factors for desirable relationship between buyer and supplier in elementary school. Therefore, the survey questionnaire consisted of general background, past success, success difference, buyer-supplier relationship characteristics(trust, supporting status, communication behavior, conflict resolution techniques, supplier selection process). The subjects were 66 dieticians of elementary school in Inchon. The statistical analysis of data was completed using SPSS program. The results were summarized as follows : Average total cost/day per one person ￦1,156. The number of suppliers per one school were 6. 92.3% of the subjects were in favor of private contract, regarding contract methods of purchasing food materials. For the past success, degree of satisfaction about past their supplier showed 3.49 score. The present success difference was shown higher than the past success. There was significant correlation between the past success and the present success difference. Trust about suppliers showed 3.40score. Supplying companies hardly support for buying school. Among information quality(timely, accurate, adequate, complete, credible), timely and complete showed lower score than the other kind of elements. Among the buyer-supplier relationship characteristic elements, only trust correlated with satisfaction about suppliers significantly. Among the conflict resolution techniques, joint problem solving and persuasive attempts were often made use of by subjects. The supplier selection criteria were shown quality(7.47), supplier's capabilities(6.46), management plan(6.00), price(5.73), scale(5.48), assets(5.27), considers delivery(4.76) and technology(2.39). As results, trust was needed for the desirable relationship between buyers and suppliers. This study has some limitations. The data in this study were collected from only buyer. It is more desired to acquire data from suppliers also.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is, to examine current foodservice management practices at free meal service organization for elderly people and, to evaluate the attitude of recipients about the service and their ecological background. 6 meal service center as well as randomly selected 120 recipients at Sungnam area were surveyed and interviewed and result were summarized as follow. The cost of each meal (lunch) was ranged from 1,300 won to 1,500 won and number of attendant at meal service were ranged from 50 to 200 persons. Meal time for lunch begins from 10:30 am to noon because greater portion of people (elderly) didn't take breakfast frequently. Most of the center adapted self-service system. Standard recipe was not developed and meal preparation was controlled under the experiences of volunteer’s. Recording system of, nutrition management, production control, storage and inventory control was not well adapted by most of the center. In order to measure the level of storage, sanitation etc., scorin system in survey was adapted in this study and result are as follow: The score of sanitation of kitchen was lower than dinning area and that of food storage was lowest score. It was suggested that not only financial but also systematical support on management by local government may be necessary to meet the goal of supply nutritionally balanced food at the center. The score given by the recipient on the satisfaction of meal service was rate as 4.8 at the 5-point maximum scale. Meeting friends and share social relationship was major reason (41.6% of the total) of visiting to the center. It is suggested that in order to meet the changes of the patterns of change of social and family structure, the service of the center should be extended in urban area and it is necessary to develop systematic management models for the center.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.316-328
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in food intake patterns by the economic status. Data from the 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were used. Using the poverty line based on the 1998 Korean minimum cost of living, the subjects (n = 10400) were classified into high class (36.1%), middle class (40.7%) and low class (23.1%). Mean intakes for other food groups except grains, potatoes and vegetables became higher as the eco-nomic levels were going up. By the family size, it was found that intakes of grains and fishes were different (p<0.05). By the economic status, intakes of fruits (p<0.05), meats (p<0.05) and fishes (p<0.01) were different. There were no significant differences in consumed types of food by the economic status. Rice was the most prevalent food in all clas-ses and its intakes increased as the economic status was going down. In the dietary patterns of main food group (GMDVF: Grain, Meats, Dairy, Vegetable and Fruit), the pattern except dairy (11011) revealed the highest proportion in high-middle class while the patterns without dairy and fruit food groups (11010) had the highest proportion in low class. The propor-tions of subjects with the low dietary diversity score (DDS) increased as economic status was going down (p<0.01). The food groups that most people do not consume were the dairy and fruit group. Proportions of people who missed one or more group increased as economic status was going down. The high dietary variety score (DVS) also was linked to a high score on the DDS and high class (p＜0.01). Thus the intakes of the dairy and fruits product should be increased in all classes. The low class especially had worse quality of food intakes pattern than that of the high or middle class. The nutrition policy and education programs need to be established according to the economic status.