• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.407-413
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• 2003

Before expanding of distribution automation application to distribution network, we must examine whether there are economical effect. Investment expense for distribution automation can be divided into facility investment expense, maintenance expense, communication expense, investment expense etc. Effect of distribution automation can classify by effect that can convert into money and effect that can not convert into money. Representative effect is outage time decrease effect, distribution line loss decrease effect, main transformer upload effect, distribution line upload effect, work environment improvement effect of lineman and so on. This paper studied economical effect and break-even Point for investment expense by using data that acquire in KEPCO's distribution network.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.59-75
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• 1999

Identifying benefit from IT spending is of great concern to most firms in today's competing world. Cost-benefit analysis of IT spending can be conducted when firms have systematic management process of IT spending and the supporting data. This paper examined Korean firm's management process of IT spending, and proposes the best practice. Management process of IT spending and the definition of IT expense and investment were proposed based on the best practice. A proposition that "IT expenses and investments need to be distinguished to manage IT spending effectively' was proposed. Hypotheses were generated and tested with empirical data. Statistical analyses show that ratios of IT investment to IT expense were significantly different during the study period. The results of the study imply that firms can acquire useful information by distinguishing IT expense and investment in the management process of IT spending.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.177-187
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• 2015

Although actual business environment is getting difficult and hard, IT companies tend to shy away from of annual investment. Many firms have already reached the 25 percent level. However, the profit and the result of their annual investment needs to be evaluated objectively. IT investment analysis usually proceeds by comparing benefits and costs of an IT investment. Much of the problem derives from the historical treatment of IT as an overhead expense rather than a capital asset. What is most worrying about the current situation is the pressure to take a very short-term view of IT. Therefore, this research aims to analyses and justify the necessity of Visionary IT Investment. For this, it is crucial to identify the factors, which affect positively Visionary IT Investment and understand the role of CIO and explain the result of Visionary IT Investment, which is differed to related business and by different business environment. As a result of this study, the legitimacy of IT Investment is proved through analyzing the business value of not investing and cost-avoidance strategies.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2012

Along with the recent trend toward increasing variety and shorter life of products in the market, evaluation of risk for economic investment alternatives is of practical importance in manufacturing companies. This paper assumes that each alternative is composed of demand volume and unit sales price as income factors, and unit variable cost and fixed cost as expense factors. The paper assumes that these four factors move worse from the originally expected values, toward the direction of decreasing profit. Values of these four factors are also assumed to fluctuate from year to year over the entire multi-period. By applying the analysis of the breakeven points to each of the four factors, safer area against these changes is represented on the two dimensional domain called normalized total-cost unit-cost domain. A practical numerical example is analyzed to verify the validity of the proposed method.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2014

본 연구는 공연여건의 성장에 걸 맞는 투자시스템으로의 변화를 모색하는 데 있다. 특히, 제작사들이 원하는 장기공연이나 오픈런 방식으로 공연여건이 조성되고 있는 상황에서 연장공연 여부를 신속히 판단할 수 있고, 제작자와 투자자 양자가 만족할 수 있는 미국식 예산수립 방식으로의 변화모색이 필요한 시점이다. 이에 구체적으로 3가지 방안을 제시하였다. 첫째, 연장공연이나 재공연 여부를 보다 정확히 판단하기 위해서는 현재와 같이 평균비용(Average Cost)을 산출하여 평균수입과 비교하기보다는 미국과 같이 한계비용(Marginal Cost)을 산출해서 비교해야 할 것이다. 둘째, 수익배분에 대한 불합리성을 극복하기 위해서는 현재와 같이 총제작비를 투자모수로 삼기보다는 미국과 같이 총제작비에서 운영비용(Operating Cost)을 제외한 프로덕션비용(Production Cost)만을 투자모수로 삼아야한다. 셋째, 앞서 언급한 한계비용의 산출과 프로덕션비용의 산출을 위해서는 미국 지출예산(Expense Budget)의 이원화 작성법의 국내 적용이 필요하겠다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제20권41호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1997

The main objective of this study is to analysis the relationship between productivity measurement model which describe and explain R&D(Research & Development) productivity based on production function of Cobb-Douglas and the structure of the R&D investment. The model focuses on the variables related to R&D investment in order to measure the efficiency of R&D largely. So, the proposed model describe the relationship between output(or / input) and factors of production such as capital cost, labor cost and R&D expense, etc. These factors are associated with a signigicant positive correlation between productivity and R&D investment.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.261-270
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• 2010

These days, architectural projects are becoming larger and more complex. And lots of information occurs through each phases and areas. For these reason, it is emphasized that collaboration with other parts. Therefore we need more effective architectural design process. However, it is difficult to collaborate in early stage with existing design process and it causes unnecessary spending of time and cost because of 2D-based working system. For solving these problem, we should introduce BIM-based Integrated Design Process which makes it possible to collaborate with other parts from early stage. Now the AEC industry in Korea has been trying to introduce BIM, and promoting variety of related business. However, for actual application of this system, it is unfortunately necessary to change various system throughout the construction industry. And this will cause lots of effort and expense. It is essential that scientific analysis and evaluation of efficiency and validity about this investment, because estimation of the investment and accompanying effects will provide reasonable standard of judgment for investment decision. Thus, this research conducted Cost-Benefit Analysis about BIM-based Integrated Design Process compared to existing design process. It is expected that this paper can be used for preliminary data in the future BIM market.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.474-485
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 GIS(Geographic Information System) 소프트웨어의 품질을 평가하기 위해 10개의 GIS 소프트웨어에 대한 평가사례를 조사한 결과로 GIS 소프트웨어의 품질수준지표를 나타냈다. 이를 기반으로 GIS 소프트웨어 시험 사례의 축적된 결함 데이터의 분석을 통해 결함 개선비용에 관한 분석을 하였다. 이를 통해 품질에 대한 투자와 효과를 측정하여 품질확보에 필수적인 비용을 정량적으로 산출함으로써, 기업 또는 산업 단위의 품질투자의 당위성을 홍보하는데 적극 활용할 수 있는 결과를 도출하고자 한다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제22권
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• pp.137-165
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• 2007

It seems high time to increase productivity by adopting e-business to overcome challenges posed by both external factors including the appreciation of Korean won, oil hikes and fierce global competition and domestic issues represented by disparities between large corporations and small and medium enterprises (SMEs), Seoul metropolitan and local cities, and export and domestic demand all of which weaken future growth engines in the Korean economy. The demands of the globalization era are for innovative changes in businessprocess and industrial structure aiming for creating new values. To this end, e-business is expected to play a core role in the sophistication of the Korean economy through new values and innovation. In order to examine business performance in e-business-adopting industries, this study analyzed the home shopping industry by closely looking into the financial ratios including the ratio of net profit to sales, the ratio of operation income to sales, the ratio of gross cost to sales cost, the ratio of gross cost to selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expense, and return of investment (ROI). This study, for best outcome, referred to corporate financial statements as a main resource to calculate financial ratios by utilizing Data Analysis, Retrieval and Transfer System (DART) of the Financial Supervisory Service, one of the Korea's financial supervisory authorities. First of all, the result of the trend analysis on the ratio of net profit to sales is as following. CJ Home Shopping has registered a remarkable increase in its ratio of net profit rate to sales since 2002 while its competitors find it hard to catch up with CJ's stunning performances. This is partly due to the efficient management compared to CJ's value of capital. Such significance, if the current trend continues, will make the front-runner assume the largest market share. On the other hand, GS Home Shopping, despite its best organized system and largest value of capital among others, lacks efficiency in management. Second of all, the result of the trend analysis on the ratio of operation income to sales is as following. Both CJ Home Shopping and GS Home Shopping have, until 2004, recorded similar growth trend. However, while CJ Home Shopping's operating income continued to increase in 2005, GS Home Shopping observed its operating income declining which resulted in the increasing income gap with CJ Home Shopping. While CJ Home Shopping with the largest market share in home shopping industryis engaged in aggressive marketing, GS Home Shopping due to its stability-driven management strategies falls behind CJ again in the ratio of operation income to sales in spite of its favorable management environment including its large capital. Companies in the Group B were established in the same year of 2001. NS Home Shopping was the first in the Group B to shift its loss to profit. Woori Home Shopping has continued to post operating loss for three consecutive years and finally was sold to Lotte Group in 2007, but since then, has registered a continuing increase in net income on sales. Third of all, the result of the trend analysis on the ratio of gross cost to sales cost is as following. Since home shopping falls into sales business, its cost of sales is much lower than that of other types of business such as manufacturing industry. Since 2002 in gross costs including cost of sales, SG&A expense, and non-operating expense, cost of sales turned out to have remarkably decreased. Group B has also posted a notable decline in the same sector since 2002. Fourth of all, the result of the trend analysis on the ratio of gross cost to SG&A expense is as following. Due to its unique characteristics, the home shopping industry usually posts ahigh ratio of SG&A expense. However, more than 80% of SG&A expense means the result of lax management and at the same time, a sharp lower net income on sales than other industries. Last but not least, the result of the trend analysis on ROI is as following. As for CJ Home Shopping, the curve of ROI looks similar to that of its investment on fixed assets. As it turned out, the company's ratio of fixed assets to operating income skyrocketed in 2004 and 2005. As far as GS Home Shopping is concerned, its fixed assets are not as much as that of CJ Home Shopping. Consequently, competition in the home shopping industry, at the moment, is among CJ, GS, Hyundai, NS and Woori Home Shoppings, and all of them need to more thoroughly manage their costs. In order for the late-comers of Group B and other home shopping companies to advance further, the current lax management should be reformed particularly on their SG&A expense sector. Provided that the total sales volume in the Internet shopping sector is projected to grow over 20 trillion won by the year 2010, it is concluded that all the participants in the home shopping industry should put strategies on efficient management on costs and expenses as their top priority rather than increase revenues, if they hope to grow even further after 2007.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.23-44
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• 2004

TCA(Total Cost Assessment) can be defined by a tool to evaluate actual profit about investment. Also, It can be used by method to make more reasonable decision-making in business. Enforcement of 'direct payment system' for environment friendship farmhouse of government is spreading recent times. But, it is true that it is no definite standard about appropriation of disbursement amount of money. TCA method can be utilized usefully for solution of these problem. Also, It will help to decide price grasping invisible cost and environment cost. Therefore, We tried that may can apply TCA theory in farmhouse class, and attempted economic performance estimation which use this. This study introduces TCA theory and developed applicable expense list in agriculture field. Also, We applied TCA theory to farmhouse. This theories referenced domestic and th6 foreign countries, connection literature. But, It handled part about invisible cost and social cost etc..