• Computers and Concrete
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.295-306
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• 2012

Optimum cost design of a simply supported reinforced concrete beam is presented in this paper. In the formulation of the optimum design problem, the height and width of the beam, and reinforcement steel area are treated as design variables. The design constraints are implemented according to ACI 318-08 and studies in the literature. The objective function is taken as the cost of unit length of the beam consisting the cost of concrete, steel and shuttering. The solution of the design problem is obtained using the artificial bee colony algorithm which is one of the recent additions to metaheuristic techniques. The artificial bee colony algorithm is imitated the foraging behaviors of bee swarms. In application of this algorithm to the constraint problem, Deb's constraint handling method is used. Obtained results showed that the optimum value of numerical example is nearly same with the existing values in the literature.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.309-323
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• 2021

Architectural design decisions and structural systems arrangements affect their earthquake behaviors significantly of reinforced concrete building in Turkey. Because the performances as safe and economical against earthquake loads of reinforced concrete buildings can be provided with especially design decisions in the architectural design stage. This matter reveals the importance of design decisions in the architectural design phase and the right structural system arrangement. The purpose of this study, the short-column situation frequently observed in reinforced concrete buildings after the earthquakes occurred in Turkey are to examine comparatively the effects on behavior and the rough construction cost of the building. The obtained results show that the short column circumstance composed due to different reasons negatively affects the earthquake performance of the reinforced concrete buildings and increases the rough construction cost. This matter shows that the measures to be taken against short column formation should be foreseen especially at the architectural design stage.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2018

본 연구는 국내 기업의 사회적 책임활동(CSR)이 원가의 하방경직성에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 기업의 매출감소에 따른 원가감소율이 매출증가에 따른 원가증가율보다 낮게 관찰되는 비대칭적인 원가행태를 원가의 하방경직성이라고 부른다. 본 연구에서는 CSR을 수행한 기업과 그렇지 않은 기업을 구분하여 하방경직성인 원가행태를 비교하였다. 연구결과 CSR을 수행한 기업이 그렇지 않은 기업보다 하방경직적인 원가행태가 보다 강하게 관찰되었다. 이는 기업이 CSR를 통한 가치창출을 위해서는 지속적인 투자가 필요하므로, 매출이 감소하였다고 하여 이에 관련된 자원투입을 즉각적으로 감소시킬 수 없다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구의 결과는 경영자의 원가에 관련된 의사결정에 기업의 CSR이 영향을 줄 수 있다는 실증증거를 제시하였다는데 자본시장참여자에게 의미 있는 통찰력을 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.261-267
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• 2021

본 연구는 트랜드에 민감하고 취업 등 외모에 관심이 어느 때보다 많은 여대생들을 대상으로 하여 여대생들의 뷰티 라이프스타일 행동이 미용가치추구와 화장품구매행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 미용산업 중 여대생들의 소비시장을 파악하고 미용산업 발전에 기여하고자 한다. 본 연구를 위한 자료수집은 모두 328명을 대상으로 실시하였으며 설문조사는 자기평가방식을 사용하였고, 5점 리커트척도와 선다형을 사용하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 뷰티 라이프스타일 행동이 미용가치추구에 미치는 영향에 대한 회귀분석 결과, 네일행동, 메이크업행동, 다이어트행동, 성형행동, 쇼핑행동은 p<0.01에서 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 화장품구매행동에 따른 미용가치추구의 차이에 대한 결과, 화장품구매횟수가 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 뷰티 라이프스타일 행동 관심도에 따른 화장품구매행동의 차이에 대한 결과, 화장품구매횟수, 화장품구입비는 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.500-514
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to classify the lifestyles of 20's unmarried women, identify the differences among the lifestyle groups, and analyze sportswear purchase behaviors and brand loyalty according to the lifestyle types. The subjects were 312 single women who had purchased sportswear. The questionnaire consisted of measurement items for lifestyle, purchase behaviors, brand loyalty and demographic attributions. The data were analyzed by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, ${\chi}^2$-test and Duncan's multiple range test, using SPSS 18.0 program. The results of the study were as follows. First, as a result of cluster analysis to classify the lifestyles of 20's single women, 4 groups were identified as practical and advanced-media-usage type, adventurous and self-actualizing type, enthusiastic-fashion seeking type, active and leisure-oriented type. Second, 3 factors of brand loyalty were classified as continuous brand loyalty, habitual brand loyalty and no brand loyalty. Third, upon analyzing the differences of brand loyalty based on lifestyles, practical and advanced-media-usage type and enthusiastic-trend seeking type showed no brand loyalty. Forth, 4 groups showed different sportswear purchase behaviors, such as purchase motivation, information sources, purchase frequency, purchase cost of one time, purchase place, the number of possession and purchase items.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1075-1087
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to find discover the effects of self-efficacy and self-esteem on the appearance management behavior of female college students. As for the study method, questionnaire survey sheets on general traits like age, grade year, major and management cost, sense of self-efficacy, self-esteem, and appearance management behavior were distributed to female college students. The responses were measured based on a 5-points Likert scale. The results of this study are as follow: One's sense of social self-efficacy and self-esteem were both found to affect appearance management behavior significantly. In other words, the greater one's sense of social self-efficacy, which represents one's sense of confidence in inter-personal relations, the greater one's appearance management behaviors to enhance her own value. Furthermore, the greater one's self-esteem(the way one feels positively about oneself), the greater one's appearance management behaviors. As a result, it can be judged that the more an individual wants to act more capable in different contexts, the more she tries to make up for her own disadvantage. To highlight her own advantages for the sake of greater positive social activities and inter-personal relation, the more she takes to improve her image through appearance management behaviors. It is anticipated that such an examination of appearance management behavior, sense of self-efficacy and self-esteem among female college students will serve as useful data for appearance-related industries by enabling them to properly under stand their clientele's psychological traits.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2023

The purposes of this study were to investigate bag purchasing behaviors and design preferences of male and female adult consumers, and to find the differences depending on sex and age variable. A survey was conducted on 400 male and female adults from 20s to 50s. The questionnaire consisted of bag purchase behaviors, bag design preferences, and the subjects' demographic characteristics. The data were analyzed by Cronbach's α, factor analysis, x² test and t-test using SPSS. The results were as follows. First, as bag selection criteria, four factors (practicality, symbolism, aesthetics, and economics) were derived, and adult consumers considered economics as the most important among the factors. As for purchasing information sources, three factors (media, human resources, and store) were derived, and adult consumers considered human resources and store information sources more important than media. The main motive for purchasing bags was age and damage of the owned products, and Internet shopping malls were the most common purchasing place. The average annual cost of purchasing bags was 100,000 to 300,000 won, and the frequency of purchase was about once a year. Second, as bag preference images, four factors (individual, romantic, active, and classic image) were derived, and adult consumers preferred classic images the most. The shoulder bag was the most preferred as the bag shape, and black was the most preferred bag color. For the material, natural leather was the most preferred, and for the size, medium size was the most preferred. Third, bag purchasing behaviors and design preferences showed many significant differences according to the sex and age of the consumers. Therefore, the results of this study suggests that bag companies need to establish product development and marketing strategies in consideration of differences according to the sex and age group of adult consumers.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.1941-1948
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• 2013

본 연구는 우리나라 주간근로자의 건강증진 실천행위와 대사증후군과의 관계를 알아보고, 추후 대사증후군 환자의 건강증진 실천행위의 중요성을 제시하고자 실시하였다. 국민건강영양조사 제5기 1차년도 자료 중 주간근로자 1,034명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구결과 우리나라 주간근로자의 대사증후군은 연령이 증가할수록, 교육수준이 낮을수록, 흡연할수록 유의하게 높았고, 건강증진 실천행위 수가 증가할수록 대사증후군의 유병률이 낮아졌다는 결과를 얻었다. 주간근로자의 대사증후군을 관리 예방하기 위해서는 저비용, 고효율적 중재방법인 적절한 생활습관을 중재하는 것이 효과적이라고 사료된다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.877-888
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• 2002

Price is a product attribute, which is determined by the function of the producing cost and profit. It is also identified as one of the most important components of the marketing mix. For consumers, price is an always-existing cue, definite evaluation criteria, and easily accessible information in the purchasing process. Considering the concept of the clothing-price in a comprehensive perspective encompassing economic, psychological and marketing perspectives, a theoretical model was developed. The model includes souses and dimensions of price perception and related behaviors. Souses of price perception were: the actual retail price at selling point, the internal reference price and external reference price. The dimensions of price perception included sacrifice perception, economic value perception, inference, savings perception and price as information perception. Clothing price related behaviors that flowed these dimensions were: low price consciousness, value for money consciousness, price-quality inference, price-prestige inference, sale proneness and price mavenism. An empirical study was conducted to validate the theoretical model. A questionnaire was developed and data were collected from 680 adult women living in Seoul, Korea. Confirmatory factor analysis as well as exploratory factor analysis results showed that theorized price related behaviors were successful classifications.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.458-464
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• 2011

Recently, one of the hydrogen production methods has attracted using dense metallic membrane. It has high hydrogen permeation and selectivity which hardly could adopt industrial product because of high cost, hydrogen embrittlment and thermal stability. Meanwhile, vanadium has high hydrogen solubility and it use to instead of Pd-Ag amorphous membrane. Aluminum carried out blocking hydrogen diffusion on grain boundary therefore protecting hydrogen embrittlement. Most of dense metallic membrane is solution diffusion mechanism. The solution diffusion mechanism was very similar hydrogen storing steps such as steps of metal hydride. Thus, V-Al composites were fabricated to use hydrogen induced mechanical alloying. The fabricated V-Al composites were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS and simultaneous TG/DSC analyses. The hydrogenation behaviors were evaluated using a Sievert's type automatic PCT apparatus. The hydrogenation behaviors of V-Al composites was evaluated too low hydrogen stored capacity and fast hydrogenation kinetics. In PCI results, V-Al composites had low hydrogen solubility, in spite of that, hydrogen kinetics was calculated very fast and hydrogen absorption/desorption contents were same capacity.