• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2023

Social networking is gaining speed and has grown indispensable as technology develops. As a result, social media, particularly Facebook, Instagram, and influencer marketing, are replacing conventional marketing trends. The top 15 search terms for Mongolian women between the ages of 18 and 34 in 2019 on Facebook were cosmetics and shopping. Companies use social media, the main tool of social media, to promote their products while simultaneously increasing productivity at a minimal cost. In Mongolia, finding out about cosmetic brand products on social media is rather usual. The impact of social media influencers on the purchasing of cosmetic brands must thus be researched. We aimed to find out the relationship between attractiveness, authenticity, communication ability, and influence, which are characteristics of beauty influencers, on product purchase intention and identification between consumers and followers (information acceptance, purchase intention). Communication ability and influence appeared to have a statistically significant positive (+) effect on identification. On the other hand, attractiveness, communication ability, and influence all showed a statistically significant positive (+) effect on information acceptance. Identification and information acceptance has s significant positive effect on purchase intention.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 2003

This study was attempted to develop the physicochemical ad morphological stability test methods for the cream and lotion formulations among the cosmetic foundations and to provide the guidance for the stability methods with respect to basic emulsions and creams. With these developed stability test methods, we can evaluate the expired date or life time of the available basic cosmetics, especially basic lotions ad creams. Also, the stability test methods established in this study can be used as a guideline to test physical and morphological stability of cosmetics in the future. Thus, we selected two types of basic cosmetics such as lotions and creams made by four different cosmetic companies ad applied them to the stability test methods depending on the temperature changes such as temperature cycling and freezing-thawing cycling test. After the temperature changes, the conductivity, turbidity, particle size, creaming ratio and pH changes of the creams and lotions were evaluated and morphological changes such as crystal formation, odor, color and feeling of the creams and lotions were also tested. As the results of the stability tests, all the tested creams and lotions except for one lotion were stable. Therefore, it may be concluded that these short-term accelerated stability tests as physical stability test depending on the temperature change study were suitable for the stability testing methods for the basic cosmetics and may be useful for the establishment of the guideline for the stability test of cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1149-1161
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• 2010

This study identifies the dimensions of cosmetics consumption values and the differences in cosmetics brand selection through a cosmetics consumption value group and by product type. The subjects of the study were females over age 20 living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province between January and February 2008; 427 questionnaires were used for analysis. For data analysis the SPSS 17.0 statistical program was used, and principal component analysis, factor analysis using Varimax rotation, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ reliability testing, cluster analysis, ANOVA test, and Duncan test were conducted. The results and conclusions of this study are as follows. The dimensions of cosmetics consumption values were found to be the pleasure value, the fashion value, the function value, the brand ostentation value, and the appearance ostentation value. Five types of groups by factor were identified: the group seeking function, the group seeking fashion and brand ostentation, the group seeking pleasure, the group seeking appearance and brand ostentation, and the indifferent group. Second, The group attaching importance to functionality was more likely to select high-priced brands while the group attaching importance to brand awareness were more likely to seek foreign brands, irrespective of product type. As far as base and color cosmetics are concerned, the group attaching importance to pleasure was more likely to select low, medium, and high priced foreign brands, as well as low and medium priced domestic brands. As for body products, the group attaching importance to fashion and brand awareness tended to select low, medium, and high priced domestic brands, as well as high priced foreign brands. By simultaneously purchasing high, medium, and low priced brands, these groups display an ambivalent consumption pattern. This study identified the differing dimensions around cosmetics consumption values and cosmetic brand selection. The research findings helps cosmetic companies set product prices and contributes to cosmetic marketing strategies.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.6-16
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• 1998

Ceramides are currently emerging as the major skin care ingredients due to !heir barrier properties in the stratum corneum of the human skin. Thus, major cosmetic companies have developed synthetic ceramide analogs for their own use. In this study, several ceramide mimic compounds , new skin barrier lipids, were designed and synthesized, and their physical and biological properties were investigated to evaluate their skin care capability. Several structures were designed from the variation of hydrophobic alkyl chain and hydrophilic moiety by the use of molecular modeling software. The selected targets were synthesized, and their properties and activities were studied as the pure form, in the emulsion, or in the lamellar mixture containing cholesterol and fatty acid. Some compounds, such as 1,3-bis(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-palmitoylamino)-2-hydroxypropane, enhanced the restoration of skin barrier damaged by SDS(sodium dodecyl sulfate), and by acetone treatment. The rate of restoration was comparable to that of natural ceramides. The synthesized compounds alleviated SDS induced skin irritation and facilitated lamellar phase liquid crystal formation. The treatment of 1,3-Dis(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-palmitoylam ino)-2-hyd roxypropane on the acetone damaged skin revealed that the compound promoted the recovery of intercellular lipid lamellar structure of stratum corneum layer. The replacement of palmitoyl groups of the compound with shorter alkyl chain gave lower emulsion viscosity and liquid crystal density, suggesting easier formulation and poorer barrier activity. Most of the synthesized compounds were non-irritable in various toxicological tests proving that they can be safely introduced to the skin care formulations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.779-803
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• 2023

The growth of digital news media and the stock price index has resulted in economic fluctuations in the fashion industry. This study examines the impact of fashion industry news and macroeconomic changes on the Textile & Wearing Apparel KOSPI over the past five years. An auto-regressive integrated moving average exogenous time series model was conducted using the fashion industry stock market index, the news topic index, and macro-economic indicators. The results indicated the topics of "Cosmetic business expansion" and "Digital innovation" impacted the Textile & Wearing Apparel KOSPI after one week, and the topics of "Pop-up store," "Entry into the Chinese fashion market," and "Fashion week and trade show" affected it after two weeks. Moreover, the topics of "Cosmetic business expansion" and "Entry into the Chinese fashion market" were statistically significant in the macroeconomic environment. Regarding the effect relation of Textile & Wearing Apparel KOSPI, "Cosmetic business expansion," "Entry into the Chinese fashion market," and consumer price fluctuation showed negative effects, while the private consumption change rate, producer price fluctuation, and unemployment change rate had positive effects. This study analyzes the impact of media framing on fashion industry business cycles and provides practical insights into managing stock market risk for fashion companies.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.355-360
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• 2010

Purpose: Analysis performance for spectacle lens which sales in domestic market and optimization design a spectacle lens which is corrected aberration. Methods: Measured center thickness, radius and aspherical surface coefficient for spherical and aspherical lenses which were ${\pm}$5.00D. Refractive index for every lens was 1.6 and they came from 4 different companies. I used 3 types of equipment to measure lenses. ID-F150 (Mitutoyo) : Center Thickness, FOCOVISION (SR-2, Automation Robotics) : Radius, PGI 1240S (Taylor Hobson) : Aspherical surface coefficient. Designed a lens which had 27 mm of distance from lens rear surface to center of eye, 4 mm of pupil diameter and small aberration on center vision $30^{\circ}C$. To shorten axial distance compared with the measured lens rise merits for cosmetic. Lens Design tool was CODE V (Optical Research Associates). Results: -5.00D aspherical lens had somewhat high astigmatism and distortion compared with the spherical lens. But it had a merit for cosmetic because of short axial height and decrease edge thickness. Improved a performance of distortion and ascertain merits for cosmetic due to short axial height and decrease edge thickness same as (-) lens in case of +5.00 aspherical lens. Though an optimization process front surface aspherical lens had a good performance for astigmatism and distortion and the merit for beauty compared with measured spherical lens. Conclusions: Design trend for domestic aspherical lens is decrease axial height and thickness to increase a merit for cosmetic not but increase performance of aberration. From design theory for optimization design front surface aspherical spectacle lens which has improved performance of aberration and merit for cosmetic at the same time compared with the measured lens. Expect an improved performance from design back aspherical lens compared with front aspherical lens.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.70-83
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• 2018

Korea's five leading industries-chemical, automobile, shipbuilding, metal and electronics-have been the growth engines of the Korean economy for the last 30 years. However, with their performance weakening in the past few years, Korea's annual growth rate has dropped to less than 2%. Just as the Japanese economy struggled through the lost decades, Korea's leading industries have been facing signals of arriving at a Strategic Inflection Point ("SIP") since the mid-2000s. The objective of this study is to present an appropriate value strategy for Korean firms in leading industries to gain sustainable competitive advantages. This paper examines the following issues : First, it diagnoses the signs and timing of SIP for the five leading industries. Second, this study examines 78 Korean and Japanese firms in order to understand the adaptation strategies of the highest and lowest performing firms from a value strategy point of view. Third, it empirically analyzes the correlation between the indicators of value strategy and the accounting performances of the Korean and Japanese firms. The data set used in the cluster analysis were collected from KISLINE database of NICE Information Service and annual reports. The findings in the case analyses of high and low performing companies show that high value-added specialty chemical materials and electronic component manufacturers that had a strong focus on value creation were defined as high performing companies. And in the cosmetic and automobile industries, companies with a strong emphasis on value appropriation gained high performance. Furthermore, the study conducted a cluster analysis based on two indicators R&D and advertisement expense. The analysis shows that a significant gap exists in the operating incomes among three groups classified under the value strategy. The study recommends that Korean firms are requested to increase R&D expenditure, conduct M&A and collaborate with companies that own source technologies to narrow the technology gap and improve their segment portfolio from commodity to value-added products.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.4 s.48
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• pp.571-582
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• 2004

Recently the well-being, which is regarded as the new cultural code, has brought a new change in the cosmetic industry. The application of the functional products is getting mere and lots of functional cosmetics are now diversifying from the skin-care into the make-up as well as the herbal products. So the future in the market of functional cosmetic products is prospected to be positive. Therefore, cosmetic companies need an approach bases on the concept of the well-being. So to speak, they need to understand the needs of customers accurately from the customers point of view. Also it is a crucial issue that how the unique characteristics of functional cosmetic products as well as the development of products base on the concept of well-being make in balance. In this study, we attempt to inspect the advanced domestic market of the functional products due to the well-being trend and try to propose an option of making an advance it through the customers survey (for example, their need and their satisfaction on the functional products, etc) on the functional cosmetic products. For this purpose, it has been surveyed on adult female customers aged 19 to 60 located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. 379 questionnaires among 510 were used in the final analysis. Collected data was analyzed using the statistical package for the social science (SPSS) program that can give the information about the general characteristics of the subjects like the frequency and percentage. And we used Cronbach's u reliability test, $x^2\;(chi-square)$ frequency analysis, t-test, and one-wat ANOVA to investigate the customers need, their degree of the satisfaction on the functional products of their own, factors of their perception on the quality on them. We think that the results of our study can act not only as the fundamental data on the customers need, their usage pattern, and their degree of the satisfaction, but also as the important tips of planning the marketing strategies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.7459-7466
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• 2014

This study examined the purchasing behavior of cosmetics among Japanese, Chinese tourists and Koreans, as well as the differences according to nationality. Based on a literature study, a questionnaire was developed and a field survey was performed. A self-administered survey was conducted throughout Myungdong and Suwon. The 251 usable questionnaires were collected. A Reliability test, Factor analysis, Regression test, and ANOVA were used. The purchasing behavior of cosmetics has 5 factors gained by the factor analysis, including the functionality of cosmetics, the newest one of the cosmetics, brand-oriented cosmetics, impulsive purchase, and physical evidence. In addition, the purchasing behavior of cosmetics is becoming complicated, and the attitudes to cosmetics has changed. Finally, there are a few differences among Japanese, Chinese tourists and Koreans. According to this research, cosmetic companies must underline their brand and focus on managing the cosmetic functionality, physical evidence of the store, and the skill and attitudes of point of sales.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2008

Although phthalates aren't used as an cosmetic ingredient, some cosmetics especially nail lacquer, hair spray, and perfume still have phthalates. This is mainly caused by contamination and carryover during manufacturing process, so analysis of phthalates in those cosmetics has became a very important thing for quality-assurance(Q.A). The main phthalates under debate are diethyl phthalate(DEP), dibutyl phthalate(DBP), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in domestic market. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) coupled with solvent extraction and concentration has been used for ppm level and sub ppm level analysis of phthalates. It requires much time and cost to use mass spectrometric detector and to prepare the test solution. Moreover analysis of phthalates at low concentrations is difficult because of contamination which results in wrong analytical results. In the present study, we showed a simple method using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector(GC-FID) which has fast analysis time, minimum use of solvent, reduced sample preparation steps for minimizing contamination and quantitative range of $2{\sim}50{\mu}g/g(ppm)$ in products. Consequently, this method will be proper for Q.A analysis in related companies.