• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.15-15
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• 2023

The chloroplast (cp) is an autonomous plant organelle with an individual genome that codes for essential cellular functions. The architecture and gene content of the cp genome is highly conserved in angiosperms. The plastome of Corydalis belongs to the Papaveraceae family, and the genome is comprised of unusual rearrangements and gene content. Thus far, no extensive comparative studies have been carried out to understand the evolution of Corydalis chloroplast genomes. Therefore, the Corydalis platycarpa cp genome was sequenced, and wide-scale comparative studies were conducted using publicly available twenty Corydalis plastomes. Comparative analyses showed that an extensive genome rearrangement and IR expansion occurred, and these events evolved independently in the Corydalis species. In addition, the protein-coding genes accD and the ndh gene loss events occurred in the common ancestor of the Corydalis and sub-clade of the Corydalis lineage, respectively. The gene ndh lost in the Corydalis-sub clade species is distributed predominantly in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (QTP) region. The molecular clock analysis suggests that the divergence time of all the ndh gene lost Corydalis sub-clade species occurred in the 44.31 - 15.71 mya. These results coincide very well with the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Oligocene and Miocene periods, and maybe during this period, it probably triggered the radiation of the Corydalis species. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first large-scale comparative study of Corydalis plastomes and their evolution. The present study may provide insights into the plastome architecture and the molecular evolution of Corydalis species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.531-537
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• 2008

We report an unrecorded species of Corydalis sect. Corydalis (Fumariaceae), C. caudata (Lam.) Pers., that have been found in the central part of Korea. This species is easily recognized by its bearded calyx, upwardly curved spur, and multi-branched characteristics. We named it 'Soo-yeom-hyeon-ho-saek' as korean common name.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.34-42
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• 2003

This study was designed to investigate the modulation of the Corydalis tuber on glycine-activated ion current in rat periaqueductal gray (PAG) neurons. Aqueous extract from Corydalis tuber has been widely used for pain control such as dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation or amenorrhea with abdominal cramping, neuralgia, headache and gastrointestinal spasm. The PAG region of the brain is known to be involved heavily with nociception. Modulation of the Corydalis tuber on glycine-induced ion current in rat periaqueductal gray (PAG) neurons was studied by a nystatin-perforated patch-clamp technique. High concentrations of Corydalis tuber elicited ion current, which was suppressed by strychnine application. Low concentrations of Corydalis tuber reduced glycine-induced ion currents in the PAG neurons. Inhibitory action of Corydalis tuber on glycine-activated ion current was reduced by treatment with naltrexone, a non- selective opioid antagonist. Application of N-methylmalemide (NEM), a sulfhydryl alkylating agent, also reduced the inhibitory action of Corydalis tuber on glycine-activated ion current in the PAG neurons. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of Corydalis tuber on glycine-activated ion current in the PAG neurons is one of the analgesic mechanisms of the Corydalis tuber, which may activate descending pain control system in PAG neurons.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.17-26
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• 2011

Objectives : Corydalis tuber has been used for promoting blood circulation and for relieving pain in Oriental medicine. In the present study, we focused on the antimicrobial activity of Corydalis tuber and compared its antimicrobial activity with the processed Corydalis tuber. Methods : Processing of Corydalis tuber was accomplished by immersing in 5% of acetic acid for 12 h and then by roasting at $250^{\circ}C$ for indicated time periods(0-30 min). Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and the zone of growth inhibition were determined against Propionibacterium acnes(P. acnes). Results : The methanolic extracts of Corydalis tuber showed potent antimicrobial effect(MIC 62.5 ${\mu}g/ml$). Its alkaloidal component, dehydrocorydaline, also exhibited antibacterial activity(MIC 25.0 ${\mu}g/ml$). After processing of Corydalis tuber, its inhibitory effect on the growth of P. acnes was significantly enhanced compared with that of unprocessed Corydalis tuber. Furthermore, elevated content of dehydrocorydaline was found in the processed than the unprocessed Corydalis tuber. However, the different roasting minutes effected on antimicrobial activity. The best roasting time of Corydalis tuber was 10 min, while roasting for the time above 15 min resulted in diminishing antimicrobial activity. Thus, it was concluded that the standardized processing condition of Corydalis tuber should be established to obtain enhanced antimicrobial(P. acnes) activity. Conclusion : For antimicrobial effect against P. acnes, the best processing condition of Corydalis tuber is immersing in 5% of acetic acid for 12 h and by roasting at $250^{\circ}C$ for 10 min.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2006

A new species of Corydalis sect. Corydalis (Fumariaceae), C. misandra B.U.Oh, is described from the provinces of Gyonggi-do and Gangwon-do in Korea. The new species is distinct from its close relative C. namdoensis in having elliptic or linear leaflet shape, entire or slightly dentate bract apex, broad and rhomboidal lower outer petal, 14 papillate stigma, oblong stamen and linear capsule with one rowed seeds, etc.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.265-271
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• 2004

A new species of Corydalis sect. Corydalis (Fumariaceae), C. namdoensis B.U. Oh et J.G. Kim, is described from the central and southern part of Korea. The new species is distinct from its close relative C. albipetala in having very variable leaf shapes, broadly flattened fusiform fruits, seed arrangement nearly in two rows in capsule, V-shaped inner petal apex and limited distribution area.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.419-425
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• 1995

Corydalis remota Fish. ex Max. (Papaveraceae) is a well known medicinal plant being used as analgesics or anticonvulsive in oriental medicine. As the alkaloid content is known to vary depending on the environmental factors, the technology of plant tissue culture can be adopted as source of Corydalis-alkaloids. The present study describes an establishment of tissue cultures of Corydalis which produce alkaloids consistently. Callus were induced from immature seeds of Corydalis remota by placing the seeds on MS static media containing NAA(0.25, 1.0 and 4.0 mg/l, respectively). The combined treatment of NAA(1.0 mg/l) with cytokinin(BAP 0.5 mg/l) improved the induction of callus. TLC scanning data followed by sequential extraction and purification revealed that the induced callus contains a significant amount of alkaloids. Cell suspension cultures were established by transferring the induced callus into the liquid media with the same condition of plant growth regulators as the callus culture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2007

A new species of Corydalis sect. Corydalis (Fumariaceae), Corydalis cornupetala Y.H. Kim et J.H. Jeong is described from Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do in Korea. This new species is distinguished from the other species of the sect. Corydalis by some flower characters such as, purplish white petal with two dark stripes and horn-shaped apex of outer petal. The linear leaflets of C. cornupetala are similar to the lineariloba type of C. remota Fisch. ex Max. or C. namdoensis B.U. Oh et J.G. Kim, but much longer and narrower. The linear or lanceolate bract of C. cornupetala is also distinctive from the elliptical shape of C. remota and C. namdoensis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2010

A new species of Corydalis L. (Fumariaceae), C. alata was discovered in Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do in Korea and is described and illustrated here. The newly described species C. alata is distinct from the closely-related species C. maculata by having tubers with whitish inner surface, sagittate base of the lower outer petals, and smaller seeds.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.785-791
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• 2005

Corydalis Tuber has traditionally been used for the treatment of water retention in the body. Administration of the aqueous extract of Corydalis Tuber has been known to be effective for the control of pain and treatment of arthritis. It was reported that Corydalis Tuber possesses anti-inflammatory activity and modulates the intestinal immune system. The effect of Corydalis Tuber against LPS-stimulated expressions of COX-2, iNOS, and $IL-1{\beta}$ in cells of the murine RAW 264.7 macrophages was investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), $PGE_2$ immunoassay, and NO detection. The aqueous extract of Corydalis Tuber was shown to suppress $PGE_2$ production by inhibition on the LPS-stimulated enhancement of COX-2 enzyme activity, $IL-1{\beta}$, and iNOS expression in the RAW 264.7 macrophages. Present results suggest that Corydalis Tuber exerts anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects probably by suppressing of COX-2, iNOS, and $IL-1{\beta}$ expressions, resulting in inhibition of $PGE_2$ synthesis. Corydalis Tuber has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects probably by suppressing of COX-2, iNOS, and $IL-1{\beta}$ mRNA expressions, resulting in inhibition of $PGE_2$ and NO synthesis.