• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제5권6호
• /
• pp.813-826
• /
• 1996

발아후 7일된 팥유식물에서 alumlnlum(Al)이 생장, 엽록소 함량, ALAD활성 및 뿌리와 경엽부의 형태에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 저농도(50, 100 $\muM)의$ Al처리에 의해 뿌리와 경엽부의 신장이 매우 감소되었으며 농도가 증가함에 따라 생장이 더욱 억제되었다. 따라서 생장억제는 농도의존적이었다. 뿌리신장은 Al 처리 24시간에서 감소되었으며 7일간의 저농도처리에 의해 억제효과가 회복되는 경향을 보여주었다. Al의 독성증상과 생장반응은 경엽부에 비해 뿌리에서 더 크게 나타났다. Hematoxylin 염색법에 의해 Al 분포를 조사한 결과 Al은 근단을 통해 표피와 피층세포에 축적되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 한편 Al처리는 엽록소함량을 감소시켰으며, ALAD활성 또한 억제시켰다. 엽록소 함량과 ALAD 활성 간에는 양의 상관관계가 나타났다. Al 처리에 의한 뿌리의 형태변화를 보면 표피세포 및 피층세포의 변형 또는 파괴가 관찰되었으며, 뿌리직경과 피층의 체적도 매우 감소되었다. 경엽부에서도 Al처리는 직경과 세포크기의 감소를 보여주었다. 그러나 잎에서의 형태적 변화는 엽록체수와 크기변화 이외에는 거의 관찰되지 않았다. 이와 같은 결과에서 Al의 독성효과는 1차적으로 뿌리에서 나타나며, 뿌리형태의 변화는 뿌리의 생장패턴과 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 Al은 팥유식물에서 특히 뿌리의 형태와 기능적 손상을 일으키는데 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.306-310
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to observe the change in gamma-band cortical activities (GBAs) due to task difficulty. Event-related potential and gamma-band activity were investigated using electroencephalograms recorded during auditory oddball tasks with two difficulty levels. For more difficult task, the amplitude of P300 decreased and the peak latency of P300 was delayed significantly compared to easier task. The induced GBA decreased considerably during the P300 latency period and the peak latency of the induced GBA was delayed for more difficult task. The results imply that the difficulty-related change in cortical information processing may be implemented as a change in the strength of local neuronal association.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.241-262
• /
• 2009

Objectives This study is designed to investigate the effects of Jujadokseo-hwan on the brain ability and inducing oxidative stresses. Methods We measured the changes of regional cerebral blood flow and mean arterial blood pressure. Then we analyzed histological examination, immunohistochemistric response and anti-oxidant activity of Jujadokseo-hwan. Results 1. Treatment of Jujadokseo-hwan significantly increased regional cerebral blood flow but decreased mean arterial blood pressure. 2. Treatment of Jujadokseo-hwan-induced increase of regional cerebral blood flow was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with indomethacin (1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. 3. In histological examination through TTC stain, group I was no change, but group II showed that discolored in the most cortical part. Group III showed that decreased discolor in the cortical part. 4. In immunohistochemistric response of BDNF, group II showed that lower response effect. Group III showed that increase response effect. 5. Treatment of Jujadokseo-hwan increased proliferation rates of Glial cell effectively 6. Treatment of Jujadokseo-hwan accelerated proliferation rates of C6 cells in vitro. In addition, protective effects on cell death induced by paraquat, rotenone and hydrogen peroxide. In addition, activity of SOD were increased by treatment with Jujadokseo-hwan. Conclusions In conclusion, Jujadokseo-hwan can improve of the brain ability, learning ability, memory ability and induce ischemic brain injuries.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
• /
• pp.199-207
• /
• 1998

Ginseng saponin (G5) purified from Panax ginseng, increase renal blood flow in rats. Nitric oxide (NO) is thought to be a substance endogenously released by G5 in preconstricted lungs and cultured endothelial cells. The present study aims to determine whether G5 could stimulate endogenous 1'elease of NO in rat kidney and urine levels of the stable NO metabolites, nitrite (NO,) and nitrate (NO,) and urinary COMP levels were measured 8 hr after a single intraperitoneal injection of GS (200 mg/kg) Into rats. The effects of the WO synthesis inhibitor, Nu-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, .1nd the NO precursor, L-arginine, on the G5-induced changes were also determined. The activity of NO synthase, as determined by conversion of ('"C)-L-arginine to ('"C)-L-citrulline, in whole kidney, glomeruli and cortical tubules were also investigated. A single injection of GS resulted in endogenous production of NO as reflected by increase in serum and urine levels of N021N03 and urinary cGMP levels, which were inhibited by the addition o ( N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and restored fly L-arginine. GS also stimulated the activity of NO synthase in whole kidney as well as glomeruli and cortical tubules, and Nu-nitro-L-arginine methyl tilter significantly prevented this increase. In conclusion, GS stimulates endogenous NO production and thus, may play a protective role 1 11 the kidney by modulating renal blood flow.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.242-248
• /
• 1999

Diazepam, a benzodiazepine (BDZ) agonist, produces sedation and flumazenil, a BDZ antagonist, blocks these actions. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of BDZs on cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) in rats. The recording electrodes were implanted over the frontal and parietal cortices bilaterally, and the reference and ground electrodes over cerebellum under ketamine anesthesia. To assess the effects of diazepam and flumazenil, rats were injected with diazepam (1 mgHg, i.p.) and/or flumazenil ( 1 mg/kg, i.p.), and the EEG was recorded before and after drugs. Normal awake had theta peak in the spectrum and low amplitude waves, while normal sleep showed large amplitude of slow waves. The powers of delta, theta and alpha bands were increased during sleep compared with during awake. Diazepam reduced the mobility of the rat and induced sleep with intermittent fast spindles and large amplitude of slow activity, and it produced broad peak over betaL band and increased the power of gamma band, which were different from EEG patterns in normal sleep. Saline injection awakened rats and abolished fast spindles for a short period about 2-5 min from EEG pattern during diazepam-induced sleep. Flumazenil blocked both diazepam-induced sleep and decreased the slow activities of delta, theta, alpha and betaL, but not of gamma activity for about 10 min or more. This study may indicate that decrease in power of betaL and betaH bands can be used as the measure of central action of benzodiazepines, and that the EEG parameters of benzodiazepines have to be measured without control over the behavioral state by experimenter.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.399-405
• /
• 2000

We have synthesized a novel platinum (II) coordination complex containing trans-ι-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) as a carrier ligand and 1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) as a leaving group. In addition, nitrate was added to improve the water-solubility. A new series of [Pt (trans-ι-DACH) (DPPE)].2NO$_3$(PC) was evaluated for its cytotoxic activity on MKN-45 human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and normal primary cultured kidney cells. PC has demonstrated high levels of cytotoxicity against MKN-45/S, MKN-45/ADR and MKN-45/CDDP cells. The cytotoxicity of PC against rabbit proximal renal tubular cells, human renal cortical cells, and human renal cortical tissues, determined using the MTT assaying technique, the ($^3$H)-thymidine uptake and the glucose consumption tests, was found to be quite less than those of cisplatin. Based on these results, this novel platinum (II) coordination complex appears to be better for improving antitumor activities with low nephrotoxicity and is a valuable lead in the development of new clinically available anticancer chemotherapeutic agents.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 1992

Spontaneous pain and painful overreaction to external stimuli resulting from lesion confined central nervous system (CNS) were named as thalamic syndrome. Thalamic lesion and decreased regional cortical perfusion thought to the pathogenesis of thalamic syndrome due to decreased function of thalamocortical tract. We performed $^{99m}Tc-HMPAO$ regional cerebral perfusion in 10 patients with clinical diagnosis of thalamic syndrome due to thalamic lesion or near the thalamic lesion at Yonsei University Hospital, from January 1989 to August 1991. In contrast to five patients with lesions near the thalamus who did not show secondarily decreased perfusion at cerebral cortex, four among the five patients with thalamic lesions revealed decreased cortical perfusion in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex on brain SPECT. These phenomena may suggest the loss of afferent activating stimuli from the thalamus led to decreased neuronal activity and the followitng hypoperfusion of cerebral cortex, and might be one of the indirect signs for suggesting presence of the thalamocortical tract. A causal relationship between cortical hypoperfusion and neuropsychological deficit is strongly suggested.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 1977

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of cingulate cortical ablation upon gastric ulceration, and the pathway through which cingulate cortex exerts the effect. 56 female rats were divided equally into cingulate (cingulate cortical ablation), cingulate-vagal (cingulate cortical ablation and vagotomy), normal control and vagal (vagotomy) groups. Cingulate cortex was ablated through a slit-shaped opening (1 mm in width, 13 mm in length) which was made symmetrically on both sides of, and parallel to, the sagittal suture by removing a bone flap from parietal and frontal bones on each side. Vagus nerves on both sides were transected around the distal end of the esophagus. In the normal control animals, surgical intervention ended with scalp incision. All rats were kept without restraint or food deprivation for 3 weeks after surgery. The stomach of each rat was inflated with 7 ml of physiological saline and then removed under deep anesthesia. The mucosal surface was examined under dissecting microscope for the location, shape and number of ulcers, and then enlarged photograph $(4{\times})$was taken. The incidence of ulcer in each group was counted and the number of ulceration as well as the total area of glandular mucosa were measured on the photograph. Results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean number of ulcer per stomach and the total area of ulcer exprssed as permillage of the total area of glandular mucosa were significantly higher in the cingulate group than the cingulate-vagal, the normal control and the vagal groups. There was no difference among the latter three groups. 2. The incidence of ulcer in the cingulate group was significantly higher than that in the .normal control group and was also higher, though not significantly, than those in the cingulate-vagal and the vagal groups. There was no difference among the normal control, the cingulate-vagal and the vagal groups. It is inferred from the above results that the cingulate cortex exerts an inhibitory influence upon gastric ulceration and that this influence is mediated by controlling the vagal activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.298-303
• /
• 2018

Background: Panax ginseng is one of the most commonly used medicinal herbs worldwide for a variety of therapeutic properties including neurocognitive effects. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the most abundant active chemical constituents of this herb with known neuroprotective, anxiolytic, and cognition improving effects. Methods: We investigated the effects of Rg1 on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a key brain region involved in cognition, information processing, working memory, and decision making. In this study, the effects of systemic administration of Rg1 (1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg) on (1) spontaneous firing of the medial prefrontal cortical neurons and (2) long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal-medial prefrontal cortical (HP-mPFC) pathway were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Results: The spontaneous neuronal activity of approximately 50% the recorded pyramidal cells in the mPFC was suppressed by Rg1. In addition, Rg1 attenuated LTP in the HP-mPFC pathway. These effects were not dose-dependent. Conclusion: This report suggests that acute treatment of Rg1 impairs LTP in the HP-mPFC pathway, perhaps by suppressing the firing of a subset of mPFC neurons that may contribute to the neurocognitive effects of Rg1.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.187-202
• /
• 2018

Objectives : Non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation is one of therapeutic interventions to change in neural excitability of the cortex. Transcranial electro-acupuncture (TEA) can modulate brain functions through changes in cortical excitability as a model of non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation. Some composites of fermented Scutellaria baicalenis (FSB) can activate intercellular signaling pathways for activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor that is critical for formation of neural plasticity in stroke patients. This study was aimed at evaluation of combinatory treatment of TEA and FSB on behavior recovery and cortical neural excitability in rodent focal stroke model. Methods : Focal ischemic stroke was induced by photothrombotic injury to the motor cortex of adult rats. Application of TEA with 20 Hz and $200{\mu}A$ in combination with daily oral treatment of FBS was given to stroke animals for 3 weeks. Motor recovery was evaluated by rotating bean test and ladder working test. Electrical activity of cortical pyramidal neurons of stroke model was evaluated by using multi-channel extracellular recording technique and thallium autometallography. Results : Compared with control stroke group who did not receive any treatment, Combination of TEA and FSB treatment resulted in more rapid recovery of forelimb movement following focal stroke. This combination treatment also elicited increase in spontaneous firing rate of putative pyramidal neurons. Furthermore expression of metabolic marker for neural excitability was upregulated in peri-infract area under thallium autometallography. Conclusions : These results suggest that combination treatment of TEA and FSB can be a possible remedy for motor recovery in focal stroke.