• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2017

The effect of high temperature-moisture on corrosion and mechanical properties for Sn-0.7Cu, Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) solders on flexible substrate was studied using Highly Accelerated Temperature/Humidity Stress Test (HAST) followed by three-point bending test. Both Sn-0.7Cu and SAC305 solders produced the internal $SnO_2$ oxides. Corrosion occurred between the solder and water film near flexible circuit board/copper component. For the SAC305 solder with Ag content, furthermore, octahedral corrosion products were formed near Ag3Sn. For the SAC305 and Sn-0.7Cu solders, the amount of internal oxide increased with the HAST time and the amount of internal oxides was mostly constant regardless of Ag content. The size of the internal oxide was larger for the Sn-0.7Cu solder. Despite of different size of the internal oxide, the fracture time during three-point bending test was not significantly changed. It was because the bending crack was always initiated from the three-point corner of the chip. However, the crack propagation depended on the oxides between the flexible circuit board and the Cu chip. The fracture time of the three-point bending test was dependent more on the crack initiation than on the crack propagation.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2015

Pipe wall-thinning by flow-accelerated corrosion and various types of erosion is significant damage in secondary system piping of nuclear power plants(NPPs). All NPPs in Korea have management programs to ensure pipe integrity from degradation mechanisms. Ultrasonic test(UT) is widely used for pipe wall thickness measurement. Numerous UT measurements have been performed during scheduled outages. Wall-thinning rates are determined conservatively according to several evaluation methods developed by Electric Power Research Institute(EPRI). The issue of reliability caused by measurement error should be considered in the process of evaluation. The reliability analysis method was developed for single and multiple measurement data in the previous researches. This paper describes the application results of reliability analysis method to real measurement data during scheduled outage and proved its benefits.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.163-175
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• 2011

The results of experimental and numerical investigations on reinforced concrete beams, with different longitudinal rebars affected by corrosive processes are presented in this paper. Different diameters and/or different distributions of longitudinal rebars were employed keeping constant the total section in each analyzed case, (maintaining a constant stirrup diameter and distribution). The rebars were subjected to accelerated corrosion in the experimental study. Electrochemical monitoring of the process, periodic measuring of the cover cracking and gravimetry of the rebars were performed through the test. Some building recommendations are obtained in order to be considered by designers of concrete structures. The numerical simulation was carried out through the application of the Finite Element Method (FEM), employing plane models, and using linear-elastic material model. The cracking process was associated with the evolution of the tensile stresses that were originated. This numerical methodology allows the monitoring of the mechanical behavior until the beginning of the cracking.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.339-355
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• 2015

Corrosion of prestressed concrete structures is one of the main challenges that engineers face today. In response to this national need, this paper presents the results of a long-term project that aims at developing a structural health monitoring (SHM) technology for the nondestructive evaluation of prestressed structures. In this paper, the use of permanently installed low profile piezoelectric transducers (PZT) is proposed in order to record the acoustic emissions (AE) along the length of the strand. The results of an accelerated corrosion test are presented and k-means clustering is applied via principal component analysis (PCA) of AE features to provide an accurate diagnosis of the strand health. The proposed approach shows good correlation between acoustic emissions features and strand failure. Moreover, a clustering technique for the identification of false alarms is proposed.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.116-118
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• 2009

Korea Institute of Construction Materials founded Seosan Outdoor Exposure Test Site 2005 at Korea, which is a part of Worldwide Exposure Network (WEN). To evaluate the test site along with other exposure test sites, three different types of paints have been under real time weathering conditions at three major weathering test facilities around the world. Using these test specimens several spectroscopic experiments along with physical tests have been performed. Also acceleration tests have been performed using the same paints. The correlation of weathered paints among three different test facilities and accelerated test results has been compared. From the results the reliability of Seosan Weathering Test Facility and reasonable life time prediction tests are discussed.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2012년도 추계총회 및 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.124-124
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• 2012

부식 현상은 산업과 실생활에서 경제적, 인간의 생활과 안전에서 손실을 일으키는 요인이다. 자동차 부품, 선박 부품 및 전자 부품 산업 등 다양한 분야에서 수명 및 고장율 시험에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 넓은 분야에서 염수분무시험을 적용하고 있지만, 실제 야외환경에서 발생하는 부식과의 상관관계가 확실하게 규명되어 있지 않다. 그리고 이렇게 넓은 산업전반에서 적용하고 있는 염수분부시험 방법은 시료의 부식 저항성을 판단하기 위한 시험시간이 오래 걸리고 이런 이유로 적정한 시험시간을 설정하기 어려울 뿐만 아니라 고내식성 시료의 부식평가가 어렵다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 부식의 형태에서 균일부식 현상을 이용하여 옥외 노출 부식시험과 염수분무시험, 가속부식시험 환경에 노출된 시료의 무게 감량을 측정하여 가속계수 도출과 함께 부식 정도를 예측할 수 있는 방법을 연구하였다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.431-438
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• 2016

This research investigated the relationship between the corrosion damage characteristics of offshore wind steel substructure and the time of current density application by electrochemical accelerated short-term corrosion test. The galvanostatic corrosion was conducted on the steel specimens in natural seawater with a constant current density ranging from $1mA/cm^2$ to $200mA/cm^2$ for 1 ~ 180 min. Macro and micro observation was carried out on the surface of the corrosion damaged area using SEM and 3-dimensional analysis microscope. The weight loss of the specimens before and after was calculated as the difference between the initial weight prior to corrosion and weight after removal of the corrosion product. It was shown that during galvanostaic corrosion process, the corrosion behavior could be characterized by the onset of pitting corrosion in the early stage and the uniform corrosion in the late stage, showing damage development in the depth direction with the time of current application. The result of the 3D analysis revealed that both damage depth and surface roughness increased with increasing time of current application. The weight loss curves with time showed that a coefficient of determination ($R^2$) was relatively high for the relationship between the time of current application and weight loss. As a result, the degree of corrosion can be controlled by simply varying the time of current application.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2023

철근 콘크리트 구조물은 부식이 증가함에 따라 부식생성물로 인한 균열이 발생하고 하중저항 능력이 감소한다. 본 연구에서는 140시간 동안 촉진염해시험(ICM)을 적용하여 부식을 유도하였으며 부식 전후의 초음파속도 변화, 휨파괴 하중, 부식생성물량을 평가하였다. 피복두께를 3수준(20 mm, 30 mm. 40 mm)으로 고려하였는데, 피복두께가 증가할수록 균열발생시기 및 부식생성량이 증가하였다. 또한 초음파 속도는 피복두께의 감소 및 부식생성량의 증가에 따라 뚜렷한 선형관계를 가지고 감소하였다. 휨파괴 하중의 경우 부식에 따라 10 % 이상 휨하중이 감소하였으나, 명확한 상관성을 도출할 수 없었는데, 이는 부식률이 작으므로 철근단면적의 감소 영향보다 슬립에 의한 영향이 크기 때문이다. 피복두께가 증가함에 따라 부식생성량 및 초음파 속도는 뚜렷한 선형관계를 가지고 변화하였으며, 부식으로 인한 균열발생 시간은 평가된 전류의 기울기를 분석하여 추측할 수 있었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.626-634
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• 1991

The specimens for the corrosion test were made by hot-pressing of SiC power with 2 wt% Nl2O3 and 10wt% Al2O3 additions at 200$0^{\circ}C$ and 205$0^{\circ}C$. The specimens were corroded in 37 mole% NaCl and 63 mole% Na2SO4 salt mixture at 100$0^{\circ}C$ up to 60 min. SiO2 layer was formed on SiC and then this oxide layer was dissolved by Na2O ion in the salt mixture. The rate of corrosion of the specimen containing 10 wt% Al2O3 was slower than that of the specimen containing 2 wt% Al2O3. This is due to the presence of continuous grain boundary phase in the specimen containing 10 wt% Al2O3. The oxidation of SiC produced gas bubbles at the SiC-SiO2 interface. The rate of corrosion follows a linear rate law up to 50 min. and then was accelerated. This acceleration is due to the disruption oxide layer by the gas evolution at SiC-SiO2 interface. Pitting corrosion has found at open pores and grain boundaries.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.867-873
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• 2010

이 연구에서는 강섬유로 보강된 철근콘크리트에서의 부식 특성에 관한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 먼저 강섬유의 보강콘크리트의 수송특성, 즉 공극률, 흡수성, 투과성 및 염소이온 확산성에 관한 실험을 수행하여 철근부식과 의 관계를 비교 평가 하였다. 강섬유의 보강으로 인해 약간의 압축강도 증가와 함께, 흡수성, 투과성 및 확산성에 관한 실험 결과에서도 콘크리트 내부로의 유해물질의 침투저항성이 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 철근부식과의 관계에서는 예상된 결과와는 다르게 강섬유의 혼입이 철근부식을 가속화 시키는 경향이 나타났다. 염화나트륨 용액이 침투하는 노출면에서는 강섬유의 부식팽창으로 인한 표면박리현상이 관찰되었으며, 철근부위 절단면에서는 철근 주변에 강섬유의 부식이 국부적으로 관찰 되었다. 고온 및 고농도의 염화물 환경에서의 건습 싸이클링이 노출표면에 가까운 공극에서 지속적으로 염분결정체의 증가와 더불어 내부공극에서의 강섬유의 부식으로 증가된 압력이 표면 박리를 일으킨 것으로 보인다. 결과적으로는 노출면 부근에서의 미세균열을 증가가 물, 염화이온 및 산소의 침투를 보강근으로의 가속화를 진행 시킨 것으로 판단이 된다. 이 연구에서는 강섬유로 보강된 철근콘크리트에서 철근부식에 영향을 주는 명확한 메커니즘은 충분히 규명이 되지 않았으며, 보다 명확한 관계를 이해하기 위해서는 부식과정에서 강섬유의 잠재적인 부식팽창에 관한 보다 상세한 실험적 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단되어 진다.