• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2012

Most large-sized and tall-risen general hospitals of today fairly depend on in-patient wards in designing hospital styles. The core planning for the efficient movements of various people in the words should take into account the sustainable connections between/among the floors, as well as hospital structures and mechanical functions. This study sampled for the study 19 hospital in-patient wards and investigated their flat-core styles. It was found out that hospital structures are changing from symmetrical styles of triangles, quadrangles and rectangles through bending, configuring, transforming to efficient new styles. Symmetrically quadrangled flat-styles are made of multi-cores spread with main an sub-cores. In contrast, symmetrically triangled flat-styles place the open place in the middle in order to prevent from its deepening, and widened the depth line through changing the outdoor top point. Non-symmetrical rectangles minimized the depth value to maintain the recent styles used in the wards, and tended to prefer the transformed styles of quadrangles. The double-corridors easily transshaped from mono corridors reveals the triangled, W-shaped, or Y-shaped figures. The site area ratio of the cores is 11.95% in average. The number of beds which one elevator covers is 66.51 beds in average, and the size of site area which one elevator covers 216.68m. Most cores on the base floor clustered around the average value, with more than 1000 beds shoes 12.83%, does 12.93%, does 14.64%, does 14.58%, which says that the core ratio increases according to hospital beds.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.23-40
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• 2013

The natural environment restoration industry has been newly included in the environment area of engineering technology. Accordingly, the enactment of a standard of estimate for determining the 'Cost plus Fixed Fee' method has become necessary for the implementation and vitalization of natural environment restoration projects. The purpose of this study is to determine the standards for which the prices for engineering projects are calculated with respect to the enactment of an engineering project standard of estimate in the natural environment restoration field. These include the scope of the technological work, standard area, manpower requirements by technical grade that are necessary for carrying out the technological tasks. Relevant laws and regulations, systems and precedent case studies were investigated and analyzed to establish a price calculation standard. The overall results of the analysis were used and applied to questionnaires, public hearings, and expert delphi techniques. The study showed the following results： The scope of the technological work was categorized into 'Biotopes', 'Eco-corridors' and 'Ecological restoration'. The standard area was set up as $1,000m^2$ for 'Biotopes' and $5,000m^2$ for 'Eco-corridors' and 'Ecological restoration'. The manpower requirements by technical grade that are necessary for carrying out the technological tasks were determined. The suitability of the costs, standard area, manpower requirements by technical grade of ordered engineering projects that are determined by applying the standard of estimate for natural environment restoration that may be enacted pursuant to this study may be effectively investigated and analyzed. Moreover, further studies on the calculation of standard prices that can ensure the stability of natural environment restoration projects will be necessary.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.26-38
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• 2006

For both a healthy environment and sustainable development, we frame a habitat assessment method, concerning biodiversity and physical characteristics. With the method, we set up and extract conservation areas from Peace Valley Resort Development Areas which can function as habitats. Absolute and relative assessment items which are the size of area, habitation of species with conservation value, distribution of communities, functions of habitats, ratio of non-native plants, connectivity of habitats, vegetation layers of forests and age of forests, and water systems are considered on newly extracted conservation areas, and the habitat value assessment was calculated on the items in a 3-point scale. By comparing and examining 3 existing proposals for extracted conservation areas, we assess existing proposals, make an alternative proposal, and try to verify the possibility of applicability to extracted conservation areas. Proposal A and C must not be adopted since almost all conservation areas would be developed in the proposals. Proposal B, consisting of 53% development areas and 47% non-development areas, does not have enough development areas, so high density building arrangements should be encouraged in order to preserve conservation areas. Therefore, proposal B would be the best in ecological terms among the 3 proposals, if 3 conditions are considered : 1) new extracted conservation areas should be conserved; 2) 10~15m wide green-zones on both sides of the water system, which can play a role as ecological corridors, should be considered in development areas; 3) building arrangement should not interrupt the ecological corridors.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1998

In order to assess the present status of the fragmentation of ecosystem and the building of ecological corridor, 79 EISs(Environment Impact Statements) which were conducted in Kyunggido and Kangwondo have been reviewed using 36 analysing factor. The results obtained from this study were as follows: a. The most frequently appearing type of ecosystem fragmentation was 'mountain vs. mountain type in topography' and '2 vs. 2 grades in the degree of green naturality.' b. The most frequently listed fauna in EISs included squirrels and wild rabbits for mammals, grass snake and pit viper for reptiles, and tree frog and true tree frog for amphibians. c. Among the EISs for 50 projects, the construction of ecological corridor mentioned in only 4 projects and other structures such as drainage duct and closed conduit in 14 projects were suggested as ecological corridor. There were no corridors suggested in 32 projects. Thus, in case of using other structures for wildlife animals but ecological corridors, it should be accompanied by incidental facilities for including animal movement.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2018

생태네트워크는 일반적으로 핵심지역, 완충지역, 코리더 등으로 구분될 수 있으며, 특히 핵심지역이나 생태적 코리더를 연결하기 위한 완충지역은 생태 네트워크의 지속성을 보호하고 외부로부터의 충격을 완충시키는 역할을 한다. 생태적 가치 및 보호적 가치가 높은 자원과 관련된 완충지역 설정에 대한 연구 및 관련법 등을 검토한 결과, 완충지역 설정에 대한 구체적인 연구가 더 필요한 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구에서는 국내외 완충지역을 설정하기 위한 기준을 제시한 다양한 분야의 사례를 조사하고, 철도환경영향평가 결과서 및 철도건설지침을 기준으로 철도개발지에 적용할 수 있는 활용방안을 분석하여 이를 평가하기 위한 항목으로 토지피복현황, 종다양성, 희귀성, 연계성을 제안하였다. 이를 통해 철도개발지 주변의 환경생태적 가치를 검토하여 철도 건설로 인한 환경 훼손 등 영향을 저감하고자 하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2003

지하철 역과 같이 대형 개구부가 있는 공간의 화재와 제연을 조사하기 위해, 지하철 역과 유사한 구조의 4 m ${\times}$ 1 m ${\times}$ 1.5m 크기의 공간 내 50 kW의 폴리우레탄 화재에 대한 수치모사를 수행하였다. 대와류모사를 난류모델로 사용하고, 혼합분율 연소모델과 복사 유한체적법을 사용하였다. 화재 발생 후 5초부터 급배기방식과 급기방식, 배기방식의 세가지 기계 제연방식이 각각 작동했을 때 제연방식에 따른 승강장과 출입통로의 공기온도와 연기이동을 비교하였다. 제연방식 가운데 급배기방식의 제연성능이 가장 좋고 안전한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 지하철 역에 사용되고 있는 급기방식은 급기구를 통해 공급된 공기가 고온의 연기와 혼합됨으로써 제연성능이 오히려 자연제연방식보다 불량하므로 지하철 역과 같은 구조에서는 적합하지 않음을 확인하였다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.271-289
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• 2011

중국과 러시아에 둘러쌓인 내륙국 몽골은 그동안 유럽과 아시아 국가들과 교역을 다양화하려 추진하여 왔다. 2009년 이후의 지속적 광물자원 가격의 상승은 몽골이 교역을 다양화하고 확대하는 데 도움이 되어 왔다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 중국과 러시아를 통과하는 데 국경에서 규제와 장애는 다양하며 복잡하다. 또한 몽골에서 중국과 러시아 항만까지 거리는 각기 1700km와 3800km로 몽골 수출입화물 운송에 고물류비 부담을 초래하고 있다. 이 연구는 몽골 광물자원의 효율적 물류체계에 대한 통과운송의 문제와 장애들을 논의한 후 통과운송을 개선하는 데 필요한 국제복합운송에 대한 제안과 국제협력 방안을 제시한다. 몽골은 천진항 경유 경로 외에 다른 국제복합운송 경로를 모색해야 하며. 장비의 확보를 위한 국제협의체구성, 국경통과시 통과절차의 개선, 새로운 국제복합운송 경로의 재무적 타당성 제고를 추진해야 한다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2021

This study tries to shed light on character and architectural features of the 2nd construction of Bunhwangsa temple in the mid-8th century. The site of Bunhwangsa Temple is divided into upper and lower areas based on retaining walls running from northwest to southeast, and the main area of the temple centered on Geumdang(the main hall) is located in the upper area. Space composition of the lower area including Wonji(a garden pond) and Gangdang(a lecture hall), is noteworthy in that Bunhwangsa Temple was constructed in a deviating way from rigorous constructional disciplines and used their space efficiently. The Geumdang in the 2nd construction was the largest worship hall with 7×6 bays. The hall was designed to divide its space into two ; the core space was surrounded by outer space. Each gap between columns in the hall was narrowed from center to outer. The main construction of the Geumdang was built as a stable structure with lead-to corridors. This was a much-advanced style than Geumdang at Hwangnyongsa Temple. The Gangdang is presumed to be a large building site as a typical Gangdang style in the Silla era. It was built in the late 9th century and was located in the northern part of the retaining walls. The composition of the middle gate and southern corridors were in double and long corridor style and they were located in front of the 2nd construction. This style coincided in the form of the architectural style of the Hwangnongsa Temple. The 2nd construction of the Bunhwangsa Temple was smaller than the Hwangnongsa Temple. However, it was a prestigious architecture.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.295-310
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• 2019

This study attempts to develop new simplified approximate formulas to predict the fundamental natural periods of vibration (T) for bearing wall systems engaged with special reinforced concrete shear walls (RCSW) under seismic loads. Commonly, seismic codes suggested empirical formulas established by regression analysis of measured T for buildings during earthquake motions. These formulas depend on structure type, building height, number, height and length of SW, and ratio of SW area to base area of structure. In this study, a parametric investigation is performed for T of 110 selected models of bearing RCSW systems with varying structural height, configuration of horizontal plans including building width, number and width of bays, presence of middle corridors and core SWs. For this purpose, a 3D non-linear response time history (TH) analysis is implemented using ETABS v16.2.1. New formulas to estimate T are anticipated and compared with those obtained from formulas of IBC 2012 and ASCE/SEI 7-10. Moreover, the study examines responses of an arbitrarily two selected test model of 60 m and 80 m in height with presence of SWs having middle corridors. It is observed that the performance of the tested buildings is different through arising of considerable errors when using codes' formulas for estimating T. Accordingly, using the present proposed formulas exhibits more reasonable and safer design compared to codes' formulas. The results showed that equitable enhancement is promising to improve T formulas approaching enhanced and accurate estimation of T with reliable analysis, design, and evaluation of bearing RCSW systems.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2023

도심 교통 체증과 환경오염이 중요한 대도시 문제로 부각되는 가운데, 최근에는 Urban Air Mobility(UAM)가 효율적인 대책으로 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 부산 지역의 지형 및 인프라 등의 실제 데이터를 고려한 GIS 기반 공간 분석과 군집 알고리즘을 수행하였으며 이를 통해 UAM 운영을 위한 버티포트 위치와 경로를 선정할 수 있었다. 부산권 UAM 인프라 시스템의 중심으로 예상되는 김해국제공항을 기반으로, 목표 지역에서 세 개의 버티포트 위치가 적합하다 판단하였으며, 이후 지상 위험 평가(Ground Risk)를 고려한 A^*(A-star) 알고리즘을 이용해 위험도와 거리를 최소화하는 비행경로를 선정하였고, 이를 통해 최소 거리 경로 대비 80.168%의 위험 감소 효과를 확인하였다.