• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify kinematic variables that govern successful performance and judges' scores and to establish correlative relationships among those of Yurchenko layout with a full twist in female vaults. Method: Four video cameras with sampling rate of 60 Hz collected 32 motion data of Yurchenko vaults from twenty-two female participants (age: $18.6{\pm}3.6years$, height: $153.0{\pm}6.5cm$, mass: $44.7{\pm}7.3kg$) during national competition. Posting processing and calculations of kinematic variables were performed in Kwon 3D XP and $Matlab^{(R)}$ programs. Correlation and regression analyses were applied to find the relationships between the obtained scores and kinematic variables. Deterministic model (Hay & Reid, 1988) was used to investigate the strength of correlative relationships among kinematic variables. Results: The obtained scores from the judges' decision were mainly affected by post-flight peak height, horse contact time, knee angle at landing, and horse takeoff angle. Strong blocking during horse contact was required to get successful performance and obtain high scores. Modified deterministic model showed that round-off entrance and takeoff angles and resultant velocity of the center of mass (CM) during the roundoff phase were the starting variables affecting performance in the following kinematics. Knee angle at landing, a highly influential variable on the obtained point, was only determined by judges' decision without significant correlative relationship with previous kinematic variables. Conclusion: The obtained scores highly depended on kinematic variables of post-flight and horse contact phases that were affected by those from the previous phases including round-off postures and resultant velocity of the body center of mass.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.210-220
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to propose the raw data of conservation and restoration by analyzing the environmental and growth characteristics in Abeliophyllum distichum habitats. The types of soil were sandy loam, loam and silty clay loam and the correlation on chemical characteristics of soil appeared that T-N and C.E.C were highly correlative. In case of growth characteristics, height and diameter in 1st site, crown in 2nd site, number of leaves in 5th site and number of seeds in 4th site were better than other sites. In the results of correlation on growth characteristics, height and diameter were highly correlative. In case of growth and chemical characteristics, EC and height were highly correlative. In the results of regression analysis, R-square of height and EC was some 70.4％ and that of number of leaves and T-N was some 70.2%. To conserve and restore Abeliophyllum distichum habitats, there were demanded that the accurate environmental analysis that considered such diverse factors as light intensity, temperature, genetic quality and so forth.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.247-251
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• 2007

Changes of single unit activity of CA1 hippocampus region were investigated in anesthetized Mongolian gerbils for six days following transient ischemia. Ischemia was produced immediately before the implantation of micro-wire recording electrodes. In control animals receiving pseudo-ischemic surgery, neither spontaneous neuronal activities ($5.70{\pm}0.4Hz$) nor the number of recorded neurons per animal changed significantly for six days. Correlative firings among simultaneously recorded neurons were weak (correlation coefficient > 0.6) in the control animals. Animals subjected to ischemia exhibited a significant elevation of neural firing at post-ischemic 12 hr ($9.95{\pm}0.9Hz$) and day 1 ($8.48{\pm}0.8Hz$), but a significant depression of activity at post-ischemic day 6 ($1.84{\pm}0.3Hz$) when compared to the activities of non-ischemic control animal. Ischemia significantly (correlation coefficient > 0.6) increased correlative firings among simultaneously recorded neurons, which were prominent especially during post-ischemic days 1, 2 and 6. Although the numbers of spontaneously active neurons recorded from control group varied within normal range during the experimental period, those from ischemic group changed in post-ischemic time-dependent manner. Temporal changes of the number of cells recorded per animal between control group and ischemic group were also significantly different (p = 0.0084, t = 3.271, df = 10). Cresyl violet staining indicated significant loss of CA1 cells at post-ischemic day 7. Overall, we showed post-ischemic time-dependent, differential changes of three characteristics, including spontaneous activity, network relationship and excitability of CA1 cells, suggesting sustained neural functions. Thus, histological observation of CA1 cell death till post-ischemic day 7 may not represent actual neuronal death.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.545-550
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• 2012

Wind resource assessment is necessary when designing wind farm. To get the assessment, we must use a long term(20 years) observed wind data but it is so hard. so that we usually measured more than a year on the planned site. From the wind data, we can calculate wind energy related with the wind farm site. However, it calculate wind energy to collect the long term data from Met-mast(Meteorology Mast) station on the site since the Met-mast is unstable from strong wind such as Typhoon or storm surge which is Non-periodic. To solve the lack of the long term data of the site, we usually derive new data from the long term observed data of AWS(Automatic Weather Station) around the wind farm area using mathematical interpolation method. The interpolation method is called MCP(Measure-Correlative-Predict). In this study, based on the MCP Regression Model proposed by us, we estimated the wind energy at Handong site using AEP(Annual Energy Production) from Gujwa AWS data in Jeju. The calculated wind energy at Handong was shown a good agreement between the predicted and the measured results based on the linear regression MCP. Short term AEP was about 7,475MW/year. Long term AEP was about 7,205MW/year. it showed an 3.6% of annual prediction different. It represents difference of 271MW in annual energy production. In comparison with 20years, it shows difference of 5,420MW, and this is about 9 months of energy production. From the results, we found that the proposed linear regression MCP method was very reasonable to estimate the wind resource of wind farm.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.232-246
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• 2018

In this study, the relationship between in situ seismic wave velocities and RMR (rock mass rating) was investigated in a test bed for the examination of the basis of rock classification (RMR) based on seismic wave velocity. The seismic wave velocity showed a monotonous increase with depth. It was also found that there was no systematic correlation between the seismic wave velocity (Vp) and other parameters (RQD, joint spacing, UCS, rock core Vp, and RMR) collected at the same depth of the same borehole. However, correlative relation was observed among RMR, RQD, and joint spacing. On the other hand, when all the data in the borehole (three holes) are examined without considering the depth, Vp still shows no correlation with RMR parameters (e.g., correlative coefficient for uniaxial compressive strength and joint spacing are 0.039 and 0.091, respectively), but Vp shows weak correlative relation with RMR and RQD (correlative coefficient for RQD and RMR are 0.193 and 0.211, respectively). Thus, it is found that it is difficult to deduce physical properties of rock mass directly from seismic wave velocities, but the seismic wave velocity can be used as a tool to approximate rock mass properties because of weaker correlation between Vp and RMR with RQD. In addition, the velocity value of for soft and moderate rocks suggested by widely used construction standards is slower than that of the observed velocity, implying that the standards need to be examined and revised.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.26
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• pp.77-110
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• 2016

The purpose of this article is to study on the Correlative linkage between the cosmic principle of birth-growth and contraction-recess and the Non action Tao. The split time between birth-growth and contraction-recess is the conflict between the Prior Time and Posterior Time as the Great Renewal. The cycle of this Chaotic Renewals is the cycle of a cosmic circulation as 129,600 years. In relation to the correlative linkage of function, Jeong-san Sangje governs all the beings of the universe by means of the cosmic principle birth-growth and contraction-recess. Also Jeong-san Sangje, using the Non action Tao governing all the beings of the universe and let them exist as the original selves. Thus, the two necessities are mutual interdependent and mutual complementary. In relation to the correlative linkage of substance, Jeong-san Sangje is included in the cosmic life which forms of all the existences. That is personal God of Jeong-san Sangje that is a part of the cosmic life. So that Jeong-san Sangje is included in the cosmic life, the basis of all the cosmic affairs. He is also subordinate to the cosmic principle but he simultaneously governs it. Jeong-san Sangje is trans-versal mediator between the cosmic principle and the cosmic life of Non action Tao, since it is the origin of his mind. To understand the nature of Jeong-san Sangje who becomes one with the cosmic life, the old causal way of thinking which inquires the timely order and seeks for causes and effects should be abandoned. The new way of thinking is thus different from the old one. The core of cosmic life is abstracted as the essence-energy and god-blood. This structure is similar to the cosmic principle of birth-growth and contraction-recess. The death is a kind of event caused by the depletion of the essence, and all beings could altered into the god. It also would be returned to the natural birth place of the cosmos, as it were, that can be called the 'Return to the Origin'. As the cosmos goes to the new epoch, humans have been living together with the cosmic principle. Now we can expect the Posterior Time to open to humans as cosmic life of Non action Tao.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.208-217
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• 2013

Purpose: This study is a correlative study to assess the relationships of fatigue, stress, and burnout among the pregnant nurses in hospital. Methods: The subjects in this study were 103 nurses aged between 22 and 40 who were confirmed as pregnant by the OBGY (Obstetrics and Gynecology) hospital and working at medical facilities located in J-province of G city during the period of July 15 through September 15, 2010. Results: The level of fatigue of pregnant nurses showed an average of 5.60 out of 10 points, and the level of stress showed an average of 25.91. In terms of burnout, the average was 2.72 out of 5 points. The results of the correlative study to assess relationships among fatigue, stress and burnout showed significant positive correlation between burnout and fatigue (r=.47, p<.001) and stress (r=.53, p<.001) and between stress and fatigue (r=.58, p<.001). Therefore, the results show that increased level of fatigue and stress leads to increased level of burnout. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that higher level of fatigue and stress led to higher level of burnout. Therefore, to minimize the burnout of pregnant nurses, many efforts are required in the hospital policy and for the strategies to reduce burnout.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2017

A new method was introduced to distinguish the ferrite, bainite and martensite in transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steel by using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). EBSD is a very powerful microstructure analysis technique at the length scales ranging from tens of nanometers to millimeters. However, iron BCC phases such as ferrite, bainite and martensite cannot be easily distinguished by EBSD due to their similar surface morphology and crystallographic structure. Among the various EBSD-based methodology, image quality (IQ) values, which present the perfection of a crystal lattice, was used to distinguish the iron BCC phases. IQ values are very useful tools to discern the iron BCC phases because of their different density of crystal defect and lattice distortion. However, there are still remaining problems that make the separation of bainite and martensite difficult. For instance, these phases have very similar IQ values in many cases, especially in deformed region; therefore, even though the IQ value was used, it has been difficult to distinguish the bainite and martensite. For more precise separation of bainite and martensite, IQ threshold values were determined by a correlative TEM analysis. By determining the threshold values, iron BCC phases were successfully separated.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-71
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• 1992

Visitor's impact on environmental deterioration of and around trail was studied in Hallasan National Park, Korea in 1990. Width of tread and width of bareland beside trail were correlative positively to user's density, negatively to height of vegetation and slope, respectively. Depth of tread was correlative highly to width of tread and width of bareland beside trail. Areal deterioration by visitors almost took place on subalpine zone. Total damaged area was kestimated to be 121, 000$m^2$ and the damaged area more severe than impact rating class 4 reached about 72.000$m^2$, respectively. Ten types of deterioration of and around trail were discovered and total volume of erosion to be recovered was estimated to be about 62.000$m^2$.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.9
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• pp.3472-3482
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• 2024

This study proposes a modified extended cognitive reliability and error analysis method (CREAM) for achieving a more accurate human error probability (HEP) in advanced control rooms. The traditional approach lacks failure data and does not consider the common performance condition (CPC) weights in different cognitive functions. The modified extended CREAM decomposes tasks using a method that combines structured information analysis (SIA) and the extended CREAM. The modified extended CREAM performs the weight analysis of CPCs in different cognitive functions, and the weights include cognitive, correlative, and important weights. We used the extended CREAM to obtain the cognitive weight. We determined the correlative weights of the CPCs for different cognitive functions using the triangular fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (TF-DEMATEL), and evaluated the importance weight of CPCs based on the interval 2-tuple linguistic approach and ensured the value of the importance weight using the entropy method in the different cognitive functions. Finally, we obtained the comprehensive weights of the different cognitive functions and calculated the HEPs. The accuracy and sensitivity of the modified extended CREAM were compared with those of the basic CREAM. The results demonstrate that the modified extended CREAM calculates the HEP more effectively in advanced control rooms.