• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2013

Space evolves from the concept of deterministic static location to a dynamic, connected area through the interference of the user. While this does incorporate physical changes of the space, it also reflects the changes of the program or characteristics of the space through the actions and changes of the user. Therefore, in this study we plan to review the characteristic of time appearing within space, thereby discussing the impact of changing of condition in time-space to the decision making of the user. Further, we plan to analyze the specific causes, and subsequently introduce a new perspective over space. In order to achieve this, we need to first understand the reason why the attribute of time needs to be discussed in space, and perform a fundamental analysis of factors for the changes of the users' actions following changes in space-time condition. This means that space is not limited to merely satisfying its innate objective as an area, but may have a basis for modifying its role to help the decision making of the users caused by changes in space-time conditions. Accordingly, we analyze the factors for change of environment that can appear in space following the flow of time caused by correlation in space-time, as well as psychological factors and variables for decision making by the users. Based on this, we analyze cases to study the influence of condition changes in time-space on the action decision judgment of the users. Through this, we propose that the actions of the users can be determined following changes in time-space conditions, and discuss the need for changes in our perspective of space.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.43-53
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• 1991

It is important to harmonize the occlusion with TMJ and neuromuscular system. However, clinically, how to harmonize is very difficult. The mandibular movement is the motion in which all component part of stomatognathic system participate. This study was performed to compare mandibular movement of mandibular prognathic patients group with that of normal group, to ascertain which components of mandibular movement have differences between two groups, and to use for occlusal treatment of mandibular movement. Thirteen adult who have physiologically normal occlusion and are free of TMJ dysfunction were selected as a control group(Group 1). Eight adult who are mandibular prognathic patient and have more than four anterior teeth crossbite, therefore have not anterior guidance function and have posterior interference at protrusion were selected as a experimental group(Group 2). Electronic pantograph, Denar Pantronic (Denar Corp., U.SA.), was used to record mandibular movement. Pantronic survey was performed by using an arbitrary hinge axis according to manufacturer's direction. Of the Pantronic recordings, immediate side shift (ISS), progressive side shift (PSS), orbiting condylar path (ORB), protrusive condylar path (PRO) between two groups were compared and analysed. The results were as follows: 1. The average protrusive and orbiting condylar inclination of mandibular prognathic patient$(28.44^{\circ},\;36.94^{\circ})$ was significantly lower than those of normal group$(40.15^{\circ},\;48.00^{\circ})$ (P<0.01). 2. There was no statistically significant difference between .the average immediate and progressive side shift of mandibular prognathic patient $(0.37mm,\;6.19^{\circ})$ and those of normal group$(0.52mm.\;5.96^{\circ})$ (P>0.01). 3. The significant correlation was found between orbiting condylar inclination and protrusive condylar inclination.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.865-872
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• 2020

5G 이동통신 네트워크에서, 비직교 다중접속은 채널 용량을 높일 수 있는 기술로 각광받고 있다. 비직교 다중접속에서는, 다수 사용자가 채널 자원을 공유하여 신호를 동시에 전송 가능하다. 최근, 강 채널에 대해, 상호 작용 이동통신 사용자의 성능이 비상호작용 이동통신 사용자 비해, 저하되는 연구가 보고되었다. 본 논문에서는, 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 ML 수신기를 제안한다. 먼저, ML 수신기의 BER의 폐쇄형 표현식을 유도하고, 이상적인 완벽한 SIC 수신기의 BER과 비교하여, ML 수신기의 BER이 향상되었음을 보여준다. 또한, 이론적인 분석에 기초한 모의실험을 진행하고 ML 수신기의 성능 우수성을 입증한다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권7호
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• pp.946-953
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• 2018

Photo-plethysmography (PPG), which measures changes in the peripheral blood flow of a human body using difference in absorption rate of light, is a measurement method that is studied and used in clinical and various applications due to its simple circuit configuration and measurement convenience. Magneto-plethysmography (MPG), which is newly developed by our team, is a method of measuring changes in the conductivity of biological tissues by using a eddy current induced by a time-varying magnetic field, and is not subject to optical interference. In this study, we investigated the detection characteristics of MPG according to the change of the conductivity of the object and fluid to be measured by simultaneously measuring PPG and MPG. In order to control the speed of fluid known in advance, a blood flow simulator was implemented and used. The fluid used in the experiment was general mineral water and physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Experimental results show that the amplitude change of the measured PPG was 0.3% in normal water and saline solution, and that of MPG was 77.3%. Therefore, it is considered that the magneto-plethysmography (MPG) has a strong correlation with the conductivity of the fluid.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2003

We employed a method eliminating a temporally partial principal component (PC) of multichannel-recorded neuromagnetic fields for excluding spatially correlated noises from event-evoked signals. The noises in magnetoencephalography (MEG) are considered to be mainly spontaneous neuromagnetic fields which are spatially correlated. In conventional MEG experiments, the amplitude of the spontaneous neuromagnetic field is much lager than that of the evoked signal and the synchronized characteristics of the correlated rhythmic noise makes it possible for us to extract the correlation noises from the evoked signal by means of the general PC analysis. However, the whole-time PC of the fields still contains a little projection component of the evoked signal and the elimination of the PC results in the distortion of the evoked signal. Especially, the distortion will not be negligible when the amplitude of the evoked signal is relatively large or when the evoked signals have a spatially-asymmetrical distribution which does not cancel out the corresponding elements of the covariance matrix. In the period of prestimulus, there are only the spontaneous fields and we can find the pure noise PC that is not including the evoked signal. Besides that, we propose a method, called the extended temporal decorrelation method (ETDM), to suppress the distortion of the noise PC from remanent evoked signal components. In this study, we applied the Partial Principal component elimination method (PPCE) and ETDM to simulated signals and the auditory evoked signals that had been obtained with our homemade 37-channel magnetometer-based SQUID system. We demonstrate here that PPCE and ETDM reduce the number of epochs required in averaging to about half of that required in conventional averaging.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.375-384
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• 2001

Optical remote sensing techniques are particularly advantageous over the conventional fixed point methods because with these methods large-area monitoring can be possible and sample preparation difficulties are avoidable. Instruments based on the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) technique are widely used for monitoring air pollutants in urban areas in recent years. In this study, $O_3$, SO$_2$, NO$_2$, and VOCs (benzene, toluene, xylene, and styrene) are measured continuously at Sihwa industrial area using a DOAS from February to November. 1999. Intercomparison between the DOAS method and the conventional methods (filed point samplers for $O_3$, NO$_2$, and SO$_2$, and adsorbent sampling methods and gas chromatography for VOCs) are performed simultaneously at the same site. The time series of the DOAS data and that of fixed point method show good match at the view point of the tendency, but the absolute concentration values of these two methods differ quite a lot from each other; correlation coefficients shows 0.78 for $O_3$and 0.97 for SO$_2$. However, the results of VOCs measurements are not quite satisfactory ; the spectral interference with $O_2$and $O_3$appears to be the major cause of the errors for VOCs .

• 한국광학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 질소와 산소의 회전 라만 신호를 측정하여 낮 시간 온도 측정이 가능한 라이다 시스템을 자체 개발하였다. 태양광에 의한 배경신호를 줄이기 위하여 파장의 폭이 좁고(0.5 nm) 제거율이 높은($10^{-6}$) 회절판과 간섭필터를 이용하였다. 개발된 장치의 성능을 검증하기 위하여 라이다를 수평방향으로 조사하여 온도 특성을 얻고 기상청에서 주어지는 값과 비교하여 상관관계가 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 수직온도분포로 얻기 위하여 수평으로 얻은 검정 값을 사용하였다. 또한 수직방향으로 조사하여 미국 표준 데이터와 비교하였으며, 존데 데이터와 검정을 통한 본 연구의 결과를 비교하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.4181-4185
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• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of male spouse caregivers of breast cancer patients in China, assess their quality of life (QOL), and investigate the influencing factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 243 breast cancer patient-spouse caregiver dyads were recruited from four hospitals in Shanxi and Anhui province of China. A cross-sectional design was applied to collect data and the Chinese version of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36) was used to measure caregivers' QOL, and the Chinese version of M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI-C) was applied to measure patient symptom severity and interference. Pearson's correlation was used to examine the correlations between caregiver burden and QOL. The multiple regression analysis was used to determine the most predictive factors influencing QOL. Results: The scores of all SF-36 scales were above 50.0, which were much lower than that of general mainland Chinese males. Mental QOL was significantly worse than physical QOL. Spouses demographic characteristics, caregiving-related variables and patient symptoms were related to spouse QOL. Caregiver burden has a negative relationship with QOL. Conclusions: A decrease in life events and patient symptoms, as well as increase in spouse sleeping time and family income, ought to improve QOL.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제51권9호
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• pp.148-156
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• 2014

MVDR(minimum variance distortionless response) 적응 어레이에서 조향벡터(steering vector)에 에러가 있으면 원하는 신호(desired signal)도 감쇠되어 성능이 심하게 저하될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 에러에 대응할 수 있는 계산이 간편한 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법에서는 DCB(doubly constrained beamforming) 원리에 기초한 최소화 문제의 해 벡터를 구하고, 이벡터를 부공간에 투사하여 새로운 조향벡터로 사용한다. 최소화 문제의 해결과 부공간 투사에 필요한 주 고유쌍(principal eigenpairs)은 PASTd(projection approximation subspace tracking with deflation)를 변형한 MPASTd(modified PASTd)에 의거하여 직접 상관행렬(correlation matrix)을 추정함이 없이 수신 데이터로부터 구해진다. 그리고 고유쌍 계산에 있어, 기존에 알려진 MPASTd를 개선해서 계산량을 절감하면서 효과적으로 구하는 방법을 제시한다. 제안한 적응어레이 기법은 상관행렬을 추정하고 이를 고유분해(eigendecomposition)하는 기존방식보다 계산량을 크게 줄이고 우수한 성능을 가질 수 있다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38A권6호
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• pp.479-485
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• 2013

최근 정보 보안이 중요시됨에 따라서 향상된 보안성과 낮은 도청 확률을 가지는 무선 통신 기술에 대한 관심이 급격히 증가하고 있다. 카오스 신호는 불규칙한 현상으로 인하여 정보를 효율적으로 부호화 하는데 적용할 수 있다. 카오스 신호는 초기 조건에 매우 민감하며 초기 조건을 모른다면 신호의 감지가 어렵다는 단점을 가지고 있지만 다중 경로 간섭에 강한 장점을 가진다. 본 논문에서는 디지털 카오스 변조 방식인 CDSK 방식에서 여러 가지 카오스 맵을 적용하여 수신 성능을 평가한다. 또한, CDSK 방식에서 확산인자 (Spreading factor)의 변화에 따른 수신 BER 성능을 분석한다. 시뮬레이션 결과, Hennon map을 사용할 경우 다른 Chaotic map들 보다 훨씬 좋은 수신 성능을 얻을 수 있었으며, 확산인자가 70에서 가장 좋은 수신 BER 성능을 얻는 것을 확인하였다.