• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was performed to compare the condylar position in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) and a normal group by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: In the TMD group, 25 patients (5 men and 20 women) were randomly selected among the ones suffering from TMD according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). The control group consisted of 25 patients (8 men and 17 women) with normal temporomandibular joints (TMJs) who were referred to the radiology department in order to undergo CBCT scanning for implant treatment in the posterior maxilla. Linear measurements from the superior, anterior, and posterior joint spaces between the condyle and glenoid fossa were made through defined landmarks in the sagittal view. The inclination of articular eminence was also determined. Results: The mean anterior joint space was 2.3 mm in the normal group and 2.8 mm in the TMD group, respectively. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the superior and posterior joint spaces in both the normal and TMD groups, but it was only in the TMD group that the correlation coefficient among the dimensions of anterior and superior spaces was significant. There was a significant correlation between the inclination of articular eminence and the size of the superior and posterior spaces in the normal group. Conclusion: The average dimension of the anterior joint space was different between the two groups. CBCT could be considered a useful diagnostic imaging modality for TMD patients.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

We suggest a new spatial linear interpolation method to substitute linear interpolation method which widely used in transportation engineering to impute the missing daily traffic volume. We layout daily traffic volume which is time series data over the virtual lattice space to consider the spatial correlation. We used Moran Index to evaluate the spatial correlations among daily traffic volume in same week and same date traffic volume by week considering the circularity of daily traffic volume. For real application, we used daily traffic volume on November, 2004 provided by Korea Institute of Construction Technology(KICT) and transformed daily traffic volume to 4 times 7 virtual lattice space to reflect the spatial correlation. Finally we showed that the spatial linear interpolation method has good performance for missing data imputation based on MAPE, RMSE, and Theil's U criteria.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between symptom severity and neurocognitive factors in traumatic head injury patients. In addition, the effect of frontal lobe damage on these parameters was examined. Methods : We selected 18 patients who had brain damage for the moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (MSTBI) group, and 17 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) without the finding of brain damage for the comparison group. For the evaluation of neurocognitive function, K-WAIS, Rey-Kim Memory Test, K-FENT, WCST, and MMPI-2 were used. Results : The results of the comparison (using the malingering scale) revealed that the values of PDS and PK, which express the severity of symptoms, and the values of the validity scale F, F (B), and F (P) were significantly higher in the overly-expressed group. F (B) in overly-expressed group and PK, Pt, and Sc in the properly-expressed group had significant correlation with the severity of symptoms. F (B), S, and Stroop error inhibition in PTSD, and PK, Pt, Sc, and MQ in MSTBI had significant correlation with the severity of symptoms. The results of the comparison based on the finding of frontal lobe damage revealed that PDS, EIQ, and MQ ware significantly higher in the group without brain damage. Conclusions : It was revealed that each neurocognitive factor was correlated with the severity of symptoms. There was a decrease in complaints or symptoms reported by the frontal lobe injury group, and this is believed to be due to degenerative change in the personality and emotional functioning of these patients following frontal lobe damage.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.195-206
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• 2019

In this study, the vulnerable period assessment method for weekly groundwater resources management was developed considering correlation between data of groundwater level, river level, precipitation applying critical infiltration concept. The vulnerable periods of 3 case study were assessed using data of groundwater, precipitation, river level, and results were compared. The weights for between observation stations were calculated using correlation of groundwater, precipitation, river level data, and weights that could be considered recently trend of data for each observation station. The vulnerable period was assessed using final calculated weights and multi criteria decision method, compared result for each case study. The developed method can be a quantitative basis for the establishment of efficient groundwater resources management and the decision of specific countermeasure applyment.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.131-135
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• 2018

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between the amount of salivary metal ions released from fixed prostheses and the period of restoration insertion, and to evaluate the correlation between the type and amount of metal ions in saliva and oral lesions (OL). Methods: Based on the oldest prosthesis, we divided patients into two groups: more than 5 years (n=19) and less than 5 years (n=10). Patients were also divided into two groups by another criteria: the one with the presence (n=15), and the one with absence (n=14) of OL, and the amounts of metal ions were examined. Metal ions-gold (Au), copper, cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), nickel, zinc, aluminum, palladium (Pd), tin, and platinum (Pt)-were measured using laser ablation microprobe inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results: Significantly higher quantities of Co, Pt, and Pd ions were released in patients with fixed prosthesis of more than 5 years (p<0.05). Measurement of the average amount of salivary metal ions was performed on patients with and without OL - Significantly higher amounts of Cr, Pd and Au ions were released in patients with OL (p<0.05). Conclusions: Old prostheses (${\geq}5years$) released metal ions, and among them were Co, Pt and Pd ions more than others. Patients with OL showed significantly higher levels of ion release, especially Cr, Pd and Au. There was a positive correlation between the amount of a certain kind of released metal ions, especially Pd, and the development of OL. Salivary Pd ion released from old prostheses could affect the pathogenesis of OL; therefore, long-term follow-up is important.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.7
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• pp.281-285
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• 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the association between elevated S100B levels with brain tissue damage seen in abnormalities of head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; diffusion tensor imaging [DTI] sequence) in patients with status epilepticus (SE). Methods: An analytical observational study was conducted in children hospitalized at Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, from July to December 2016. The patients were divided into 2 groups: SE included all children with a history of SE; control included all children with febrile seizure. Blood samples of patients were drawn within 24 hours after admission. SE patients also underwent cranial MRI with additional DTI sequencing. The Mann-Whitney test and Spearman test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Fifty-three patients were enrolled the study. In the 24 children with SE who met the inclusion criteria, serum S100B and cranial MRI findings were assessed. Twenty-two children admitted with febrile seizures became the control group. Most patients were male (66.7%); the mean age was 35.8 months (standard deviation, 31.09). Mean S100B values of the SE group ($3.430{\pm}0.141{\mu}g/L$) and the control group ($2.998{\pm}0.572{\mu}g/L$) were significantly different (P<0.05). A significant difference was noted among each level of encephalopathy based on the cranial MRI results with serum S100B levels and the correlation was strongly positive with a coefficient value of 0.758 (P<0.001). Conclusion: In SE patients, there is an increase of serum S100B levels within 24 hours after seizure, which has a strong positive correlation with brain damage seen in head MRI and DTI.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.234-242
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• 2020

Background: Bevacizumab-induced proteinuria is known to occur when vascular endothelial cell receptors are blocked, which leads to decreased protein filtration. Although several studies have analyzed the correlation between therapeutic effect of bevacizumab and proteinuria, no conclusion has been established. Methods: In this retrospective study, colorectal cancer patients who received bevacizumab and urinary protein check from January 2015 to December 2016, were included. The incidence of proteinuria and the grade according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) 4.0 were evaluated after bevacizumab administration. The primary objective was to correlate proteinuria with overall response rate (ORR) and time to progression (TTP). Primary lesion, metastasized organs, surgery or radiation therapy, chemotherapy were investigated for analysis of risk factors for proteinuria development. Results: A total of 149 patients included in the analysis. Proteinuria occurred 19.5% (n=29) in the study patients; 20 in grade 1, 7 in grade 2, and 2 in grade 3. ORR was 55.2% in the proteinuria group and 51.7% in the non-proteinuria group. There was no difference between two groups (p=0.89). The TTP through the survival curve was similar in both groups (10 months, p=0.97). The risk of proteinuria was high in patients who had liver metastasis (p=0.02) and no surgery (p=0.01). Conclusions: These result indicates that bevacizumab-induced proteinuria expression was not correlated with the therapeutic effect on patients with colorectal cancer. Further analysis is required to find out the correlation between proteinuria and therapeutic effects. The risk of proteinuria was increased from patients who had liver metastasis, and no surgery.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.271-275
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• 2022

We tested the difference and the relationship in instructional ratings by professors and college students. Subjects were 6 professors and 9 college students participated in teaching competition as a rater. They completed instructional rating forms consisted of 10 criteria for 11 participants according to Lickert Scale. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and Pearson correlation. Results were as follows: ① There was no statistical difference in mean scores between the professor and the student; ② Correlation between professors' and students' evaluations was .78 which is statistically meaningful and high. These results support the notion that students evaluate as reliably as professors. They also imply that pre-service college students can be utilized for teaching practice as meaningful peer evaluators. The findings are meaningful in that instructional ratings of instructors and students were compared in a controlled setting. However, replication studies involving wide range of instructors and students are needed for generalization since the subjects in this study were restricted to pre-service teachers and their instructors.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2023

Background: Mobile applications (apps) on dietary supplements can increase consumers' access to information. However, it can lead to indiscriminate use of dietary supplements. This study aims to systematically review dietary supplement apps released in English and Korean and evaluate the quality of those apps. Methods: Through the app stores, apps on dietary supplements were systemically searched and examined. Two independent evaluators evaluated the apps and presented a mean score using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS). The correlation between MARS scores, user and evaluator ratings, and the number of secondary features of the apps were analyzed. Results: Of the 2,772 dietary supplement apps identified, 17 apps were included according to the selection criteria. The mean MARS score was 3.28 (standard deviation: 0.29) out of 5. Apps had higher scores in aesthetics and functionality dimensions, while engagement and information dimensions had lower scores. There was a positive correlation between the number of app downloads and information among MARS dimensions. The subjective evaluation also correlated with the information dimension. There was a positive correlation between the secondary features of the apps and MARS total score as well as the engagement dimension. Conclusion: The dietary supplement apps need to be managed at a higher level of quality to provide safe and reliable information to consumers. Especially, quality on information and engagement dimensions can be improved. Involvement of healthcare professionals in the app development, management with adequate referencing of information, and use of secondary features for enhanced user engagement can be helpful.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.10.1-10.12
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• 2022

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) cannot be diagnosed by a single test because it is a multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface. Although studies on various dry eye tests (DETs) in dogs have been reported, standard criteria have not been established except for the Schirmer tear test 1 (STT-1). Objectives: To establish reference values for DETs in dogs with normal STT-1 values (≥ 15 mm/min) and to analyze the correlation between DETs. Methods: The STT-1 was performed in 10 healthy Beagle dogs (20 eyes). After 20 min, interferometry (IF) for estimating the lipid layer thickness (LLT) of the tear film, tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), and meibomian gland loss rate of the upper eyelid (MGLRU) and lower eyelid (MGLRL), were measured using an ocular surface analyzer. Results: Mean values for STT-1, TMH, and NIBUT were as follows: 21.7 ± 3.4 mm/min, 0.41 ± 0.21 mm, and 19.1 ± 9.5 sec, respectively. The most frequent LLT range, measured by IF, was 30-80 nm (11 eyes), followed by 80 nm (5 eyes) and 80-140 nm (4 eyes). MGLRU ≤ 25% was measured in 11 eyes and 26%-50% in 9 eyes; MGLRL ≤ 25% in 8 eyes and 26%-50% in 12 eyes. Besides positive correlation between TMH and NIBUT (P = 0.038), there were no significant associations between DETs. Conclusions: Data obtained in this study provided normative references that could be useful for diagnosing DED and for further research into correlation between DETs in dogs with DED.