• Title/Summary/Keyword: Correlation Attack

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The clinical manifestation of tension-type headache and correlation study with autonomic bioelectric response (긴장형(緊張型) 두통(頭痛)의 임상양상(臨床樣相) 및 생체전기 자율반응과의 상관성(相關性) 고찰(考察))

  • Choung, In-tae;Lee, Sang-hoon;Choi, Do-young
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.183-203
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    • 2004
  • Objective : Tension-type headache is the most common headache. The objective of this study is to find the clinical manifestation of tension-type headache and correlation with autonomic bioelectric response. Methods : This observation was carried out on 60 patients with tension-type headache. We used headache questionnaire and the Autonomic Bioelectric Response recoder(ABR-2000) for this study. Results : 1. Distribution of sex & age : male : female=5 : 7, 50s&60s group (28.3%) 2. Duration of onset : over 5years(50%), over one years(83.4%) 3. Causes of illness : stress(58.3%), severe fatigue(53.5%), tension(33.3%) 4. Time of attack : irregular(56.7%), day time(16.7%) 5. Pattern of pain: heavy(31 people), stiffness of occipital region (27 people) tightening around the head(25 people) 6. Curve : 40%, 56.7%, 35.0% SL(Slope low) at peak 1, 2, 3/ SH&SI not found 7. Regulation : 16.7% RR(Regulation reverse) at peak 1, 25% RH(Regulation high) at peak 2, 15% RR(Regulation reverse) at peak 3 8. Graph : Activity-60.0%, 70.0%, 63.3% lowered reaction(L, LR, L!) at peak 1, 2, 3 Reactivity-83.3%, 95.0%, 93.3% lowered reaction at peak 1, 2, 3 Conclusion : We find tension-type headache has remarkable relativeness with autonomic bioelectric response.

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Influence of D.I. Water Pressure and Purified $N_2$ Gas on the Inter Level Dielectric-Chemical Mechanical Polishing Process (탈이온수의 압력과 정제된 $N_2$ 가스가 ILD-CMP 공정에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Sang-Yong;Seo, Yong-Jin;Kim, Chang-Il;Chung, Hun-Sang;Lee, Woo-Sun;Chang, Eui-Goo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2000.04b
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    • pp.31-34
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    • 2000
  • It is very important to understand the correlation of between inter layer dielectric(ILD) CMP process and various facility factors supplied to equipment system. In this paper, the correlation between the various facility factors supplied to CMP equipment system and ILD CMP process were studied. To prevent the partial over-polishing(edge hot-spot) generated in the wafer edge area during polishing, we analyzed various facilities supplied at supply system. With facility shortage of D.I. water(DIW) pressure, we introduced an adding purified $N_2(PN_2)$ gas in polishing head cleaning station for increasing a cleaning effect. DIW pressure and PN2 gas factors were not related with removal rate, but edge hot-spot of patterned wafer had a serious relation. We estimated two factors (DIW pressure and PN2 gas) for the improvement of CMP process. Especially, we obtained a uniform planarity in patterned wafer and prohibited more than 90% wafer edge over-polishing. In this study, we acknowledged that facility factors supplied to equipment system played an important role in ILD-CMP process.

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A Hybrid Watermarking Scheme for Color Images (컬러 영상을 위한 하이브리드 워터마킹)

  • Lee Hyun-Suk;Oktavia Vivi;Kim Mi-Ae;Lee Won-Hyung
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.73-86
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    • 2004
  • This paper presents a hybrid digital watermarking scheme for color images, We insert two watermarks in the DWT domain using spread-spectrum correlation-based watermarking in luminance component of the color image and in spatial domain using pixel-value substitution of blue channel of color image. The objectives of this paper are to have the watermark robust to common signal processing and to detect any changes on the watermarked image for tamper detection at the same time. This watermark scheme will have the robustness characteristic as typical in frequency domain watermark, and also ability to detect any changes on the image (tamper detection).

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A Digital Watermarking Technique for MPEG Image/Video Compression (MPEG 영상/비디오 압축을 위한 디지털 워터마킹 기법)

  • Yoo Byoung-Seok;Choi Hyun-Jun;Seo Young-Ho;Kim Dong-Wook
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.30 no.5C
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    • pp.406-414
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    • 2005
  • The necessity for a technique to protect intellectual property of a digital content has been increasing, especially for the image/video contents which are the most favorite because of their high information-intensive property. According to this demand, this paper proposed a digital watermarking algorithm, which is recognized as the most promising technique. This algorithm targets MPEG compression system and the watermarking process is to be performed during the compression process. It inserts watermark only in Y components of I-frames. Experimental results showed that the proposed method satisfied both imperceptibility and robustness against various attacks. The PSNR difference between the compressed images(the average compression ratio was about 27:1 with Y:Cb:Cr=4:2:0 color format for TM5-based compression) with and without watermarking was only 1.8dB ($4.2\%$). In each case that the resulting image after an attack was reusable the normalized correlation between the extracted watermark and the original one was above 0.8.

Stream Cipher Algorithm using the Modified S-box (변형된 S박스를 이용한 스트림 암호 알고리즘)

  • 박미옥;최연희;전문석
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.137-145
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    • 2003
  • Nowadays, people can communicate with each other on any time at my place by development of wireless communications. But, the openness of mobile communications Poses serious security threats and the security is necessary on mobile communications to support the secure communication channel. The most commonly method is stream cipher for mobile communications. Generally, this stream cipher is implemented by LFSR(Linear Feedback Shift Register). On this paper proposes the modified mechanism of the S box is usually used in block cipher to advance security og the stream cipher and this mechanism is the modified three one in consideration og the randomness. Generally, S box that is function with nonlinear property makes data more strong by attack. The randomness test of the proposed algorithm is used Ent Pseudorandom Number Sequence Test Program and by the test result it proves that it has better randomness and serial correlation value than the based stream cipher on respective test.

Traffic Attributes Correlation Mechanism based on Self-Organizing Maps for Real-Time Intrusion Detection (실시간 침입탐지를 위한 자기 조직화 지도(SOM)기반 트래픽 속성 상관관계 메커니즘)

  • Hwang, Kyoung-Ae;Oh, Ha-Young;Lim, Ji-Young;Chae, Ki-Joon;Nah, Jung-Chan
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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    • v.12C no.5 s.101
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    • pp.649-658
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    • 2005
  • Since the Network based attack Is extensive in the real state of damage, It is very important to detect intrusion quickly at the beginning. But the intrusion detection using supervised learning needs either the preprocessing enormous data or the manager's analysis. Also it has two difficulties to detect abnormal traffic that the manager's analysis might be incorrect and would miss the real time detection. In this paper, we propose a traffic attributes correlation analysis mechanism based on self-organizing maps(SOM) for the real-time intrusion detection. The proposed mechanism has three steps. First, with unsupervised learning build a map cluster composed of similar traffic. Second, label each map cluster to divide the map into normal traffic and abnormal traffic. In this step there is a rule which is created through the correlation analysis with SOM. At last, the mechanism would the process real-time detecting and updating gradually. During a lot of experiments the proposed mechanism has good performance in real-time intrusion to combine of unsupervised learning and supervised learning than that of supervised learning.

Suggestion of batter ability index in Korea baseball - focusing on the sabermetrics statistics WAR (한국프로야구에서 타자능력지수 제안 - 대체선수대비승수(WAR)을 중심으로)

  • Lee, Jea-Young;Kim, Hyeon-Gyu
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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    • v.29 no.7
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    • pp.1271-1281
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    • 2016
  • Wins above replacement (WAR) is one of the most widely used statistic among sabermatrics statistics that measure the ability of a batter in baseball. WAR has a great advantage that is to represent the attack power of the player and the base running ability, defensive ability as a single value. In this study, we proposed a hitter ability index using the sabermetrics statistics that can replace WAR based on Korea Baseball Record Data of the last three years (2013-2015). First, we calculated Batter ability index through the arithmetic mean method, the weighted average method, principal component regression and selected the method that had high correlation with WAR.

Modeling of damage in cement paste subject to external sulfate attack

  • Xiong, Chuansheng;Jiang, Linhua;Zhang, Yan;Chu, Hongqiang
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.847-864
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    • 2015
  • This study aimed to develop models of sulfate diffusion and ettringite content profile in cement paste for the predication of the damage behavior in cement paste subject to external sulfate. In the models, multiphase reaction equilibrium between ions in pore solution and solid calcium aluminates phases and the microstructure changes in different positions of cement paste were taken into account. The distributions of expansive volume strain and expansion stress in cement paste were calculated based on the ettringite content profile model. In addition, more sulfate diffusion tests and SEM analyses were determined to verify the reliability and veracity of the models. As the results shown, there was a good correlation between the numerical simulation results and experimental evidences. The results indicated that the water to cement ratio (w/c) had a significant influence on the diffusion of sulfate ions, ettringite concentration profile and expansion properties in cement paste specimens. The cracking points caused by ettringite growth in cement paste specimens were predicted through numerical methods. According to the simulation results, the fracture of cement paste would be accelerated when the specimens were prepared with higher w/c or when they were exposed to sulfate solution with higher concentration.

Kinetics and Mechanism of the Pyridinolysis of Aryl Phenyl Chlorothiophosphates in Acetonitrile

  • Hoque, Md. Ehtesham Ul;Dey, Shuchismita;Kim, Chan-Kyung;Lee, Hai-Whang
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.1138-1142
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    • 2011
  • Kinetic studies for the reactions of Y-aryl phenyl chlorothiophosphates with X-pyridines have been carried out in acetonitrile at $35.0^{\circ}C$. The Hammett and Bronsted plots for substituent X variations in the nucleophiles are biphasic concave upwards with a break point at X = 3-Ph, while the Hammett plots for substituent Y variations in the substrates are biphasic concave downwards (and partially upwards) with a break point at Y = H. The signs and magnitudes of the cross-interaction constant (${\rho}_{XY}$) are strongly dependent upon the nature of substituents, X and Y. The proposed mechanism is a stepwise process with a rate-limiting step change from bond breaking with the weaker electrophiles to bond formation with the stronger eletrophiles. The nonlinear free energy correlations of biphasic concave upward plots for substituent X variations in the nucleophiles are rationalized by a change in the attacking direction of the nucleophile from a backside with less basic pyridines to a frontside attack with more basic pyridines.

A Cross-Country Comparison of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices about Tobacco Use: Findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey

  • Gupta, Bhawna;Kumar, Narinder
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.12
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    • pp.5035-5042
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    • 2014
  • Background: Knowledge and individual perceptions about adverse effects of all forms of tobacco exert direct influence on the level of tobacco consumption in various socio-demographic groups. The objective of this study was to determine the nature, extent and demographic correlates of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of use of tobacco among adults in low and middle income countries. Materials and Methods: The Global Adult Tobacco Survey, conducted in fourteen different countries from 2008-2010, was sourced for the data analyzed in this study. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to determine the prevalent knowledge and individual perceptions amongst adults about all forms of tobacco consumption. Results: There was relatively high awareness about the harmful effects of smoking tobacco with main awareness being about its relationship with lung cancer (>90% in most countries). In contrast, there was relatively low awareness about harmful effects of smokeless tobacco (< 90% in all countries except India and Bangladesh), and observed correlation of smoking tobacco with heart attack (40.6% in China, 65.1% in India) and stroke (28.2% in China, 50.5% in India). Conclusions: A large proportion of adults living in low and middle income countries possess adequate knowledge about smoking tobacco but have inadequate awareness as well as false perceptions about smokeless forms of tobacco. Popular beliefs of inverse relationships of tobacco consumption with knowledge, attitudes and perception of populations towards tobacco are challenged by the findings of this study.