• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.399-403
• /
• 1999

Background: Funnel chest is one of the most common anomaly of chest wall, which is manifested by depression of sternum and costal cartilage. Popular operative methods were Ravitch operation and Wada operation. Material and Method: From 1983 to 1996, 21 cases of funnel chest were corrected surgically in the department of thoracic surgery, National Medical Center. Investigated age and sex distribution, combined anomaly,clinical symptom, degree of correction and complication, postoperative satisfaction. We used 2 different surgical methods, one was Wada & its variants(17 cases), the other was Ravitch and it variants(4 cases). Most of operative indications were cosmetic problems. Result: The pre-operative Welch index was 4.188, but this index decreased to 3.46 after the operations.(p=0.046) The degree of correction was higher in Wada & it variant operation than the modified Ravitch operation.(p=0.54) Their results were satisfactory in 20 patients, while unsatisfactory in 1 patient because of a k-wire fracture. There was no recurrence of chest wall depression or postoperative death during the OPD follow up period. Conclusion: We recommend Wada operation in symmetric and small degree of depressive chest wall deformity in preand post school age.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.388-398
• /
• 1981

Fourteen Infants with congenital cardiac anomalies underwent primary surgical Intervention within the first 12 months of life. There were eight patients with ventricular septal defect, two with total anomalous pulmonary venous return [TAPVR], and the remainders with tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great arteries [d-TGA], Taussing-Bing malformation, and coronary A-V fistula. The age of the patients ranged from 5 to 12 months, with a mean age of 9.9 months. The mean weight was 6.7 Kg [3.8 to 9.5 KS]. Congestive heart failure persisting despite intensive medical treatment was present In 8 patients [56%], and was the most common indication for operation. Early operation was necessary in 5 of these patients [35%], because of failure to thrive and recurrent pulmonary infection. In one patient with TOF, frequent hypoxic spell prompted the necessity for early operation. In cases of VSD, TAP. VR, TOF, and coronary A-V fistula, Intracardiac repair was done with conventional cardiopulmonary bypass, chemical cold cardioplegia, and topical myocardial cooling. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with surface induced cooling, followed by core cooling and core rewarming, was employed .for better exposure in the cases of d-TGA and Taussing-Bing malformation. The results were however, not satisfactory. The overall mortality was 28 per cent. There were no deaths in the eight patients with VSD. The one with coronary A-V fistula survived. The other 5 cases all expired either on the table or immediately after operation. The non-fatal post-operative complications included low cardiac output, respiratory insufficiency, bleeding, and temporary A-V block. The causes of death were prolonged circulatory arrest time in d-TGA, complete A-V block and low cardiac output in TOF and Taussing-Bing malformation and prolonged bypass time and Inadequate correction in TAPVR.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.28 no.7
• /
• pp.658-665
• /
• 1995

Between March 1989 and December 1994, one-stage repair was performed for correction of the intracardiac malformations associated with aortic coarctation in 34 patients or interrupted aortic arch in 8 patients via median sternotomy. There were 26 male and 16 female patients, and their body weight ranged from 1.8 to 8kg[mean weight, 4.0$\pm$l.4kg . The age at the operation ranged from 7 days to 18 months [mean age, 3.1$\pm$3.8 months . The repair of aortic coarctation or interrupted aortic arch was performed using extended end-to-end anastomosis in most of the patients[86%, 36/42 , and six patients underwent ductal tissue excision and patch aortoplasty. Intracardiac defects were corrected concomitantly through the right atrium unless the anatomy dictated otherwise. Obstructive outlet septurn was resected whenever necessary. There were seven early deaths[16.8% , and three late deaths with a mean follow-up period of 25 months [range from 1 to 65 months . Three patients were reoperated upon residual subaortic stenosis,stenosis at the RPA origin, and subacute bacterial endocarditis respectively. None showed any significant residual or anastomotic stenosis postoperatively. One stage repair of the aortic coarctation and interrupted aortic arch associated with intracardiac defect leaves no native coarctation shelf tissue or residual hypoplasia in the repaired segment, has low incidence of recurrent or residual stenosis, minimizes reoperation and incisions, and manages arch hypoplasia easily.We conclude that surgical results of one-stage repair for the intracardiac malformation associated with aortic coarctation or interrupted aortic arch are resonable.

• Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.863-871
• /
• 2018

Objective To evaluate the association between progression of curvature of scoliosis, and correction for functional component in patients with juvenile idiopathic scoliosis (JIS). Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical data of patients prescribed custom molded foot orthosis (FO) to correct inequality of RCSPA (resting calcaneal stance position angle), and chose 52 patients (26 females, 26 males) with Cobb angle ${\geq}10^{\circ}$ in radiology and uneven pelvic level at iliac crest by different RCSPA (${\geq}3^{\circ}$) as a factor of functional scoliosis. They had different hump angle ${\geq}5^{\circ}$ in forward bending test, for idiopathic scoliosis component. Their mean age and mean period of wearing FO were $79.5{\pm}10.6months$ and $18.6{\pm}0.70months$. Results Cobb angle was reduced from $22.03^{\circ}{\pm}4.39^{\circ}$ initially to $18.86^{\circ}{\pm}7.53^{\circ}$ after wearing FO. Pelvis height difference and RCSPA difference, were reduced from $1.07{\pm}0.25cm$ initially to $0.60{\pm}0.36$, and from $4.25^{\circ}{\pm}0.71^{\circ}$ initially to $1.71^{\circ}{\pm}0.75^{\circ}$ (p<0.01). Cobb angle improved most in 9 months. However, there was no significant improvement for those with more than $25^{\circ}$ of Cobb angle initially. Mean Cobb angle improved in all age groups, but patients less than 6 years had clinically significant improvement of more than $5^{\circ}$. Conclusion JIS can have functional components, which should be identified and managed. Foot orthosis is useful in correcting functional factors, in the case of pelvic inequality caused by different RCSPA, for patients with juvenile idiopathic scoliosis.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.1403-1409
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare Obesity Age (OA) and chronological age, to calculate Obesity Age (OA), which gauges the state of obesity, and to analyze presented factors of obesity using expectant factors on middle-aged obese women. The subjects were one hundred twenty seven middle-aged obese women ($49.6\pm7.3$ yr, BMI $29.41\pm2.9$, fat $36.8\pm4.6%$) who participated in different weight loss programs three times. The body composition, physical fitness, blood pressure and blood were measured before the weight loss programs. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects before enrollment in the study. The regression equation is as follows: (1) OAS (Obesity Age Score)=$0.106*X_1+0.035*X_2+0.048*X_3+0.041*X_4+0.003*X_5-0.037*X_6-10.667$ ($X_1$: BMI, $X_2$: weight, $X_3$: %fat, $X_4$: WC, $X_5$: TG, $X_6$: $VO_{2max}$), (2) OA (Obesity Age)=7.3*OAS+49.6*(-1), (3) Z (correction factor)=(CA-49.6)(1-0.03), (4) OAc (corrected Obesity Age)=1.03*CA-7.3*OAS+1.47. The comparison of corrected Obesity Age (OAc) and chronological age did not have any differences, and the average of the OAc was close to chronological age. The correlation coefficient between the OAc and chronological age was r=0.724 (p<0.05). The equation can be utilized for middle-aged obese women, because it could evaluate the obesity-related factors by including BMI, body weight, %fat, waist circumference, triglycerides and $VO_{2max}$.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.143-152
• /
• 1991

From 1983, until June, 1990, 10 patients with various type of truncus arteriosus underwent total surgical correction including Rastelli procedure at Seoul National University Hospital. The age at operation ranged from 1 month to 9 years [mean 2.1 years]. Six patients had truncus type I, 3 patients had truncus type II, and one patients had truncus type IIIc. Right ventricular pulmonary artery continuity was established with a porcine valved conduit in 6 patients, mechanical valved conduit in 1 patient, and bovine pericardial conduit in 3 patients. The postoperative right ventricular /left ventricular pressure ratio ranged from 0.4 to 0.71 [mean 0.51${\pm}$0.14]. The lung histology revealed grade II pulmonary obstructive disease even at 4 month of age. Five patients were dead in hospital [50%], and they were less than 2 year of age. One patient, who had severs congestive heart failure preoperatively, died of low output syndrome and the other died of low output syndrome with postoperative bleeding. There were three death, because of a pulmonary hypertensive crisis that might have been prevented. Two of the five survivors had conduit failure over a mean follow up of 42 months [range 1 to 78 months]. Obstructed conduit was removed and a new conduit constructed using the conduit bed as the posterior wall and the patch of bovine pericardium and Dacron as patch the roof of the conduit. One patient died of acute cardiac failure during the operation. Although results in infants less than 2 years old have not been good, current improvement of intra-and postoperative care suggested that prompt repair is indicated for infants with truncus arteriosus.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 1991

From April 1986 to December 1989, 25 infants under the age of 12 months with tetralogy of Fallot were operated on. Age ranged from 3 to 12 months[mean 8.9$\pm$4.9 months] and mean body weight was 7.8$\pm$ 2.6kg. All the patients were deeply cyanotic, 12 of them experienced anoxic spell. Transannular patch was laid down in 19 patients, in 7 of them monocuspid patch was utilized. Postrepair P RV/LV was measured at operation room in 17 patients[mean 0.48$\pm$0. 14]. Hospital mortality was 20Yo. Causes of deaths include right ventricular failure and low cardiac output. The mortality was closely related with patient`s age and body surface area at operation. Also higher mortality was noticed in patients having major associated anomaly or previous palliative operation, preoperative management with propranolol and transannular repair. 18 patients were followed up for 12 to 50 months with a mean follow-up time of 24 months after operation. There were no late deaths and late ventricular arrhythmia or congestive heart failure was not detected as yet. Redo operation was performed in one case because of residual pulmonic stenosis. Considering several advantages of early primary repair, primary repair of symptomatic infants with tetralogy of Fallot should be encouraged despite somewhat high mortality rate as yet and better results could be anticipated along with improvement of myocardial protection method and postoperative care.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.118-127
• /
• 2015

Objectives Standardization of head size is essential for the volume study. Cortical thickness analyses are increasingly being used in many fields of neuroscience. However, it is not established whether head size correction should be done for thickness study. Methods Using the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies data, we determined cortical thickness of 316 cognitively normal participants aged 18-94 with FreeSurfer. The association between head size and cortical thickness of whole cortical mantle and in each lobe among age tertile groups was assessed. Estimated total intracranial volume (eTIV) was calculated for determining head size. Results Across all participants, cortical thickness in whole brain except some areas in cingulate and insula decreased with aging. eTIV had positive correlation with the thickness of frontal, parietal, occipital and whole brain areas. However, the age effect was not shown in whole brain of the first tertile group and in cingulate areas of the third tertile group. eTIV had negative correlation with the thickness of cingulate in the third tertile group. Gender effects were shown in some areas in third tertile group, but it would be due to difference of head size. Conclusions These findings suggest that head size standardization might be done especially in older population and in studies of paralimbic areas.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2017

In this article, we review the differences of the brain morphology according to age, sex, and handedness. Age is a well-known factor affecting brain morphology. With aging, progressive reduction of brain volume is driven. Sex also has great effects on brain morphology. Although there are some reports that the differences of brain morphology may originate from the differences of weight between the 2 sexes, studies have demonstrated that there are regional differences even after the correction for weight. Handedness has long been regarded as a behavioral marker of functional asymmetry. Although there have been debates about the effect of handedness on brain morphology, previous well-established studies suggest there are differences in some regions according to handedness. Even with the studies done so far, normal brain morphology is not fully understood. Therefore, studies specific for the each ethnic group and standardized methods are needed to establish a more reliable database of healthy subjects' brain morphology.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 1997

The purpose of the present study was to use digital profile image features and digital image analysis of fixed-dimension bone regions, extracted from standardized periapical radiographs of the maxilla, to determine whether differences exist in alveolar bone of younger women(mean age: 59.23±7.34 years) and just menopaused women(mean age: 59.23±7.34). Periapical films were used from two groups of 20 randomly selected women. None of the subjects had a remarkable medical history. To simplify protocol, we chose one interproximal bone area between the maxillary right canine and lateral incisor for study. Ech film was digitized into a 1312 x 1024 pixel x 8 bit depth matrix by means of a Nikon 35 mm film scanner(LS-35lOAF, Japan) with fixed gain and internal dark current correction to maintain constant illumination. The scanner was interfaced to a Macintosh LC III computer(Apple Computer, Charlotte, N.C.). Area and profile orientation were selected with a NIMH Image 1.37(NIH Research Services Branch, Bethesda, Md.). Histogram features were extracted from each profile and area. The results of this study indicate that mean pixel intensities didn't differ significantly between two groups and there was a high correlarion-coefficient between digitized radiographic profile features and area features.