• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.53-63
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• 2011

In connection with each other through social networks, individuals share valuable knowledge and information. Furthermore the knowledge and information based on the collective intelligence is growing. Collective intelligence with more peoples will grow by gathering intelligence to enhance the collective intelligence. This study investigates the collective intelligence using business management game, and observes forming process of collective intelligence. To achieve the objective to observe the forming process of collective intelligence, only the test subjects available were exposed to the Corporate Management Game with SNS space. During the experimentation, the interaction and feedback were observed. The results of the study show that different performance, feedback and interaction for each group.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.239-246
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• 2021

This article substantiates the scientific provisions for modelling the level of Ukraine's public financial security taking into account the impact of budget policy, in the process of which identified indicators of budget policy that significantly affect the public financial security and the factors of budget policy based on regression analysis do not interact closely with each other. A seven-factor regression equation is constructed, which is statistically significant, reliable, economically logical, and devoid of autocorrelation. The objective function of maximizing the level of public financial security is constructed and strategic guidelines of budget policy in the context of Ukraine's public financial security are developed, in particular: optimization of the structure of budget revenues through the expansion of the resource base; reduction of the budget deficit while ensuring faster growth rates of state and local budget revenues compared to their expenditures; optimization of debt serviced from the budget through raising funds from the sale of domestic government bonds, mainly on a long-term basis; minimization of budgetary risks and existing threats to the public financial security by ensuring long-term stability of budgets etc.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.5_1
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• pp.121-126
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• 2018

The development of modern ICT and network technologies has made the business environment smart.and under such circumstances, a great deal of data is being generated, stored and used. The important information that becomes an energy source for corporate management creates economic profit and value and is also utilized as a basis for strong influence. Therefore, important information must ensure its availability and convenience while ensuring confidentiality and integrity, which is the basic objective of information protection. However, most companies are seeing more and more incidents of serious damage due to the leakage of important internal information. In this study, we deal with the Data Loss Prevention (DLP) technologies and solutions to prevent internal information leakage and establish stable data security and information protection management.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.103-109
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• 2021

The aim of this research is to provide empirical evidence on the impact of CSR disclosure on earnings management and firm value. The population used in this study were all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2018. The sample in this study was 114 companies selected through purposive sampling. The results of data analysis show that CSR has a positive effect on Firm Value. CSR disclosure is one form of activity that companies carry out in influencing their stakeholder decisions. This is by the theory that a company is not an entity that only operates for its interests, but the main objective of the company is to meet stakeholder needs. Besides, CSR has a positive effect on Earning Management. The results of this study contrary to research conducted by prior research which states that CSR can reduce earning management because CSR not only increases information transparency but also creates interaction with stakeholders. The difference in findings in this study is because CSR disclosure in Indonesia is still low, as seen from the average CSR in Indonesia, which is 33%, and it is still not transparent so that companies tend to carry out earnings management.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.231-243
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• 2022

The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of conservative financial reporting on investment during uncertainty. It was assumed that during uncertainty conservative financial reporting can play an important role to improve investment decision-making. For our analysis, data sets from 2005-2020 of nonfinancial companies are used. To measure the impact of conservative financial reporting in the non-financial sector of Pakistan, Khan and Watts' (2009) model is applied. "Prospector" and "Defender" Business strategy is applied for measuring firm-level uncertainty. Investment is measured by adding the change in fixed assets (property, plant, and equipment). To check the robustness of conservative financial reporting, Givoly and Hayn's (2000) Negative Accruals measure is applied. To measure the robustness of uncertainty, environmental scanning and alertness technique is applied. According to environmental scanning and alertness technique, companies are divided into two groups named 'inert' and 'alert'. 'Inert' are those firms that are not scanning their environment, and 'alert' are those firms who continuously analyze their environment. The empirical estimations support our hypothesis. The empirical findings provide the proof that in the wake of uncertainty conservative financial reporting may facilitate to take optimal investment decisions in the developing economy of Pakistan. Our results provide critical and practical implications for investors, researchers, and standard setters.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.195-208
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• 2021

Purpose - The primary objective of this paper is to empirically examine whether the engagement of socially responsible activities in corporations affect the tendency of tax-avoidance by using the sample of Korean companies. We are particularly interested in Chaebol-affiliated firms, which are a special type of Korean conglomerates. Design/methodology/approach - This study is based on a sample of 5,496 firm-year observation data from 2011 to 2017 by using the ESG ratings from the Korea Corporate Governance Service(KCGS), a ESG rating agency in Korea. For our analysis, the firms were separated into 1,547 Chaebol-affiliated firms and other 3,949 firms. All financial and firm data were extracted from Fn-guide, which provides financial information for Korean listed firms. Findings - We find that CSR is generally positively related to the effective tax rate, which indicates a lower level of tax avoidance for more socially responsible firms. In particular, a positive relationship of social score with GAAP ETR was observed. Research implications or Originality - We find that the positive relationship is robust to the group of chaebol and non-chaebol affiliates unlike extant literature.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.135-147
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• 2022

This study was conducted to determine whether there is a significant relationship between board structure and board committee qualities and corporate cash holdings in Pakistan. For this objective, 168 listed enterprises on the PSX for the period 2016 to 2020 were chosen as a sample from a population of 436 non-financial firms. Multiple regression analysis was used in the study to discover a relationship between board structure and board committee features and cash holdings. The study's findings revealed that board size, executive directors, and board independence have no significant impact on the firm's cash holding because they play no important part in the firm's cash holding. Auditors, audit committee size, audit committee meetings, and the compensation committee, on the other hand, have no major impact on the firm's cash holdings because they are not relevant indicators to compare with cash holdings. While board meeting frequency and leadership structure both have a negative influence on cash holding, board meeting frequency increases firm costs, whereas leadership structure causes agency problems. Results were supported by the pecking order theory, cash flow theory, and agency theory.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.159-175
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• 2023

Purpose - This paper empirically investigates the relationship between born global strategy and the accounting- and market- based financial performance of Korean firms. Further, this study identifies the characteristics of born global firms (BGs) in comparison with non-BG counterparts in terms of size, R&D, and liability. Design/methodology - Using a database of listed Korean SMEs in the manufacturing sector from 2010 to 2020, this study applies panel generalized least squares (GLS) estimation and logistic regression techniques. Findings - This study finds that BG strategy is negatively related to the firm's accounting-based financial performance, while it is positively related to the market-based financial performance. This study also finds that BGs have higher sales volume and more total assets compared to their non-BG counterparts. In addition, Korean BGs spend more on R&D, and at the same time have higher liability. Originality/value - BGs, by definition, are firms that are actively penetrating foreign markets from the early stages of their establishment. Previous studies of Korean BGs have tried to identify the determinants of BGs' rapid internationalization and their superior performance. However, most of these studies have utilized either qualitative case- or survey-based analyses with relatively limited numbers of observations. From a different perspective, this study provides more objective evidence by investigating how the BG strategy affects the financial and market performance of firms, and by characterizing BGs in terms of financial data.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.157-171
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• 2004

The objective of this case is to introduce KT&G's marketing strategy to go beyond its crisis. KT&G's crisis has started from tobacco which is its cash cow. Tobacco has been criticized as one of cancer causes. Until now Go and NGO suppress smoking. Its crisis is non-smoking. To live and grow beyond this crisis KT&G has 4 marketing strategies. First, they introduce new product tobacco by segmenting smoking market. Second, they want to get strong brand which has high quality, price premium, and favorable image. Third, they try to connect tobacco and bio-industry. Tobacco is very important resources of bio-industry. Finally, they is going to enter well-being market by its strength which is ginseng.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.534-541
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• 2011

Risk evaluation approaches for bidding on international construction projects are typically partitioned into three stages: country selection, project classification, and bid-cost evaluation. However, previous studies are frequently under attack in that they have several crucial limitations: 1) a dearth of studies about country selection risk tailored for the overseas construction market at a corporate level; 2) no consideration of uncertainties for input variable per se; 3) less probabilistic approaches in estimating a range of cost variance; and 4) less inclusion of covariance impacts. This study thus suggests a three-staged risk evaluation model to resolve these inherent problems. In the first stage, a country portfolio model that maximizes the expected construction market growth rate and profit rate while decreasing market uncertainty is formulated using multi-objective genetic analysis. Following this, probabilistic approaches for screening bad projects are suggested through applying various data mining methods such as discriminant logistic regression, neural network, C5.0, and support vector machine. For the last stage, the cost overrun prediction model is simulated for determining a reasonable bid cost, while considering non-parametric distribution, effects of systematic risks, and the firm's specific capability accrued in a given country. Through the three consecutive models, this study verifies that international construction risk can be allocated, reduced, and projected to some degree, thereby contributing to sustaining stable profits and revenues in both the short-term and the long-term perspective.