• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.1014-1019
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation on digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents of copra expellers (CE) and palm kernel expellers (PKE) fed to pigs. Six barrows with an initial body weight of 38.0 kg (standard deviation = 1.5) were randomly allotted to a $6{\times}6$ Latin square design with 6 dietary treatments and 6 periods. Six experimental diets were prepared in a $3{\times}2$ factorial treatment arrangement with 3 diets of a corn-soybean meal-based diet, a CE 30% diet, and a PKE 30% diet and with 2 concentrations of supplemental ${\beta}$-mannanase at 0 or 2,400 U/kg. All diets had the same proportion of corn:soybean meal ratio at 2.88:1. The marker-to-marker procedure was used for fecal and urine collection with 4-d adaptation and 5-d collection periods. No interactive effects were observed between diet and ${\beta}$-mannanase on energy digestibility and DE and ME contents of experimental diets. However, diets containing CE or PKE had less (p<0.05) DE and ME contents compared with the corn-soybean meal-based diet. The DE and ME contents in CE and PKE were not affected by supplemental ${\beta}$-mannanase. Taken together, we failed to find the effect of ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation on energy utilization in CE and PKE fed to pigs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.358-365
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• 2015

ε-Poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) is a homopolymer of L-lysine molecules connected between the epsilon amino and alpha carboxyl groups. This polymer is currently used as a natural preservative in food. Insufficient biomass is a major problem in ε-PL fermentation. Here, to improve cell growth and ε-PL productivity, various nitrogen-rich nutrients were supplemented into flask cultures after 16 h cultivation, marking the onset of ε-PL biosynthesis. Yeast extract, soybean powder, corn powder, and beef extract significantly improved cell growth. In terms of ε-PL productivity, yeast extract at 0.5% (w/v) gave the maximum yield (2.24 g/l), 115.4% higher than the control (1.04 g/l), followed by soybean powder (1.86 g/l) at 1% (w/v) and corn powder (1.72 g/l) at 1% (w/v). However, supplementation with beef extract inhibited ε-PL production. The optimal time for supplementation for all nutrients examined was at 16 h cultivation. The kinetics of yeast-extract-supplemented cultures showed enhanced cell growth and production duration. Thus, the most commonly used two-stage pH control fed-batch fermentation method was modified by omitting the pH 5.0-controlled period, and coupling the procedure with nutrient feeding in the pH 3.9-controlled phase. Using this process, by continuously feeding 0.5 g/h of yeast extract, soybean powder, or corn powder into cultures in a 30 L fermenter, the final ε-PL titer reached 28.2 g/l, 23.7 g/l, and 21.4 g/l, respectively, 91.8%, 61.2%, and 45.6% higher than that of the control (14.7 g/l). This describes a promising option for the mass production of ε-PL.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2002

멸강나방의 발육과 생식에 먹이(옥수수잎, 벼잎, 배추잎,양배추잎, 콩잎 그리고 누에인공사료)가 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 알과 번데기기간은 먹이간에 유의성이 없었으나, 유충기간은 유의성이 있었다. 총발육기간(알에서 성충까지)은 옥수수잎에서 32.5일로 가장 짧았고 콩잎에서 46.6일로 가장 길었다. 부화 후 16일째의 유충 무게는 벼잎과 누에인공사료에서 무거웠던 반면, 고구마잎과 양배추잎에서는 가벼웠고 용화하지 못했다. 번데기 무게는 벼잎에서 가장 무거웠다. 부화유충에서 성충까지의 생존율은 옥수수잎에서 70.6%로 가장 높았고, 콩잎에서 39.8%로 가장 낮았다. 암컷 성충의 수명은 먹이간에 큰차이는 없었다. 암컷 한 마리당 평균 총산란수는 벼잎, 옥수수및, 누에인공사료에서 사육한 경우가 배추및, 콩잎보다 많았다. 1세대 순증가율(R$_{0}$)은 누에인공사료에서 1218.5로 가장 높았으며, 내적자연증가율(R$_{0}$)의 범위는 0.115-0.175로 옥수수잎에서 가장 높았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.581-585
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• 1992

영남지방으로부터 백미(60), 보리쌀(52), 대두(45), 땅콩(33), 옥수수(32), 메주(27), 벼(40), 보리(54) 및 토양(32) 등 총 375종의 시료를 수거하여 Fusarium속으로 추정된 균주를 분리하고, 분리균을 고체배지에 접종하여 배양(14일, $30^{\circ}C$)한 후에 zearalenone 생성균주를 선별한 결과는 다음과 같다. 375종의 시료에서 302주의 Fusarium속을 분리하였고, 분리된 302주를 고체배지에서 배양한 다음 TLC와 HPLC법에 의해 zearalenone 생성균주를 선정하였다. TLC 결과에서 zearalenone 생성균주는 29주 [쌀(3), 메주(2), 옥수수(1), 보리쌀(5), 토양(4), 땅콩(3), 대두(4), 보리(5) 그리고 벼(2)]로 나타났으나, HPLC 분석결과 19주 [쌀(2), 메주(1), 옥수수(1), 보리쌀(4), 토양(3), 대두(2), 보리(3) 그리고 벼(3)]가 zearalenone 생성균주로 확인되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.519-529
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• 2015

The aims of this study were to determine the effects of feeding medium-roasted soybean meal (SBM) and corn dried distiller's grains with solubles (CDDGS) in dairy cows on milk production and income over feed costs. A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted with 24 crossbred multiparous Holstein Friesian dairy cows in early- and mid-lactation. Four dietary treatments were as follows: basal diet without feed substitute (Control), 7.17% dry matter (DM) roasted SBM replaced for concentrate (R-SBM), 11.50% DM CDDGS replaced for concentrate (DDGS), and 3.58% DM roasted SBM plus 5.75% DM CDDGS replaced for concentrate (SB-DG). The roasted SBM was produced using a medium-heated treatment at $100^{\circ}C$ for 180 min. Dry matter intake was not affected by feeding high rumen undegradable protein (RUP) sources, but the replacement of roasted SBM and CDDGS for concentrate significantly improved (p<0.001) RUP intake (0.90, 0.86, and 0.88 kg/d corresponding to R-SBM, DDGS, and SB-DG) compared to the control (0.61 kg/d). Feeding roasted SBM and CDDGS alone or in combination had no significant effect on milk composition of dairy cows (p>0.05), whereas milk yield was significantly increased by 3.08 kg/d in the SB-DG group relative to the control group (p<0.01). Net income was meaningfully increased (p<0.05) from 4th week post feeding, the SB-DG group reached the greatest net income ($3.48/head/d) while the control group had the lowest value ($2.60/head/d). In conclusion, the use of CDDGS alone or in combination with medium-roasted SBM as substitute for concentrate in lactating dairy cattle diet led to improved milk production and net income over feed costs without affecting total dry matter intake and milk composition, while feeding medium-roasted SBM seemed to show intermediate values in almost parameters.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2000년도 제17차 정기총회 및 학술발표
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• pp.94-96
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• 2000

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of enzyme(Endopower) into corn-soybean meal diet on the performance of broiler chicks. Three hundred sixty 3 day-old male broiler chicks(Ross) were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates of 30 birds per replicate and assigned at random to each of four treatment groups for two energy levels(3100 and 2980 kcal TMEn/kg) with 0 or 0.1% Endopower in the diet. The body weight gain of birds fed the low energy diet with 0% Endopower was lower significantly than the other groups(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in feed intake and feed conversion rate among the treatments. The relative sizes(% B. wt) of the liver and leg muscle were not different significantly among the treatments. The breast muscle weights of the low energy diet birds were higher than those of the high ones, and those of the lower energy group with 0.1% Endopower were highest. The intesinal lengths(cm/B.wt) of low energy diet group without Endopower were lower than those of the others. No significant differences in the relative jejunum and ileum weights were found, but % duodenum weights of high energy group were higher than those of the low energy group. The villi of the ileum of birds fed corn-soybean diet without Endopower were shortened and thickened compared to those of the birds fed with Endopower diet regardless of energy level. The results demonstrated that dietary Endopower improved body weight gain reduced abdominal fats and developed intestinal villi. Therefore it can be concluded that dietary supplementation of Endopower improves nutritive value of corn-soybean diet in broiler chicks.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 1998

요오드가 다른 4종류의 기본유(soybean oil, palmolein, coconut oil, corn oil)에 lecithin과 wax를 일정량 첨가하여 16종류의 시료 이형유를 만든 후 polyether sulphone로 피복한 철판에 케익을 구워 이탈율의 정도 그리고 이형유 제조 직후와 구운후의 이형유 시료들의 산가와 과산화물과 변화를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 이탈에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것은 첨가물보다 기본유 자체의 성질에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 요오드가가 낮을수록 즉 포화 지방산이 많을수록 이탈률이 좋았다. 가장 좋은 이탈률을 보인 것은 coconut oil에 wax 2%와 Lecithin 2%를 첨가하여 제조한 것으로 도포량에 관계없이 좋은 이탈률을 보였다. 2. 산가는 이형유 조제 직후에나 구운 후에도 큰 변화가 없었다. Soybean oil, palmolein, corn oil, coconut oil은 각각 구운 후의 산가가 0.045, 0.048, 0.085, 0.044를 나타냈다. 3. 철판유 제조 직후 과산화물가는 soybean oil, palmolein, corn oil, coconut oil이 각각 1.19, 0.81, 1.00 그리고 1.10이었으나 구운 후에는 7.9, 7.0, 10.9, 9.9로 고온에서 과산화물가가 급격하게 상승하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.462-469
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• 1982

Since 1962, varietal development and dissemination for summer upland crops have been actively initiated by the Crop Experiment Station, Office of Rural Development, Suweon, Korea. The major breeding objectives of soybeans have been to develop varieties which are early maturing, disease resistant, and adaptable to late planting for after-barley cropping. Development of eleven new soybean varieties including Hwangkeumkong, Jangyeobkong, Danyeobkong, and Kwangkyo has greatly increased the soybean yield throughout country. For com, after development of Hwangok #2, a synthetic, in early 1960's, nine corn hybrids-single crosses, double-crosses, and three-way crosses-such as Jecheon-ok, Hoengseong-ok, Kwangok, Suweon #19, etc., have been disseminated mainly to Kangweon province, a major corn producing area in Korea, and drew up the yield over 4 tons per hectare. The major breeding objectives of sweet potato have been to develop varieties which have high starch content and root yield. Hwangmi, Hongmi, and Shinmi are three sweet potato varieties developed and disseminated by the Crop Experiment Station, Office of Rural Development and are grown most widely in Korea. Most of researches on cultural practices of upland crops have begun on a full scale from early 1960's. In soybeans, for example, no fertilizer but for barley was applied although the effects of phosphate and potassium fertilizers were great on soybeans in after-barley soybean croppings. The effects of heavy application of phosphate and calcium fertilizers on soybeans in newly reclaimed soils were recognized. Recently a mixed fertilizer for soybean (N; 40, P:70, K:60 kg/㏊) was developed and sold for soybean growers. The optimum planting densities of 220, 000 plants/ha in full-season cropping and 330, 000 pts/ha in after-barley cropping of soybeans were known from repeated experiments. For higher yield, a means of cultural practices such as transplanting-pinching, direct planting-pinching, and hilling-up, etc., were developed along with barley-stubble planting with no tillage and integrated herbicide application for labour savings. For sweet potato, cultural practices for planting date, harvesting date, fertilizer, and planting density were fully established. For early marketing, a technique of vinyl-mulching on sweet potato has also fully developed. For com, planting density of 37, 000 pts/ha in early 1960's has been changed to 55, 000 pts/ha for grain production and 67, 000 pts/ha for silage. The amounts of fertilizers have also been changed from 120-120-120kg/ha (N-P-K) in early 1960s to 180-150-150 kg/ha. These increases in number of plants per unit area and fertilizer levels have resulted in greater production for both grain and silage. At the same time, the production techniques of F1 seeds have also improved.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.207-210
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• 2004

우리나라에서 재배되고 있는 콩 강낭콩 보리 옥수수 율무 들깨 차조기 홍화 해바라기를 비롯하여 달맞이꽃 타래붓꽃의 종실에 함유되어 있는 tocotrienol($\textrm{T}$), tocopherol(T)과 vitamin E 함량을 탐색 하였던 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 종실 100g에 함유되어 있는 tocotrienol 함량은 차조기 25.06mg, 보리 4.50mg, 옥수수 3.54mg, 타래븟꽃 3.04mg, 율무 2.58mg, 홍화 0.12mg이었다. 2. tocotrienol이 전혀 검출되지 않은 작물은 콩 강낭콩 달맞이꽃 해바라기 들깨이었고, tocotrienol의 4가지 동족체 중 율무와 옥수수는 $\beta$-$\textrm{T}_3$, 타래못꽃과 차조기는 $\delta$-$\textrm{T}_3$, 홍화는 $\alpha\textrm{-}$, $\beta\textrm{-}$, $\delta$-$\textrm{T}_3$가 검출되지 않았다. 3. 종실 100g에 함유되어 있는 tocopherol 함량은 타래붓꽃 51.82mg, 들깨 40,90mg, 콩 34.11mg, 해바라기 20.88mg 순으로 높았으며, 탐색한 작물 모두 4가지 동족체를 함유하였다. 4. vitamin E 함량은 타래붓꽃 54.86, 차조기 41.80, 들깨 40.90, 콩 34.11, 해바라기 20.88, 홍화 14.73, 옥수수 11.49, 달맞이꽃 10.07, 보리 7.48, 율무 6.24, 강낭콩 5.27mg/100g 이었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1120-1127
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• 2011

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis LS 1-2 grown on citrus-juice waste and corn-soybean substrate on growth performance, nutrient retention, caecal microbial population and intestinal morphology in broilers. Three hundred twenty d-old Ross chicks were randomly allotted to 4 treatments on the basis of BW in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment had 4 replicates of 20 chicks in each. Experimental diets were fed in 2 phases, starter (d 0 to 21) and finisher (d 21 to 35). Dietary treatments were; negative control (NC: basal diet without any antimicrobial), positive control (PC: basal diet added with 20 mg/kg Avilamycin), basal diet added with 0.30% Bacillus subtilis LS 1-2 grown on corn-soybean substrate (P1), and basal diet added with 0.30% Bacillus subtilis LS 1-2 grown on citrus-juice waste substrate (P2). Overall BW gain, feed intake and FCR were better (p<0.05) in PC, P1 and P2 treatments as compared to NC. Moreover, overall BW gain and FCR in PC and P2 treatments were greater than P1. Retention of CP, GE (d 21, d 35) and DM (d 35) were increased (p<0.05) in treatments PC, P1 and P2 compared with NC. At d 35, caecal Clostridium and Coliform counts were lower (p<0.05) in treatments PC, P1 and P2 than NC. Moreover, Clostridium and Coliform counts in treatment PC was lower (p<0.05) than P1. Villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in both duodenum and ileum were increased (p<0.05) in treatments PC, P1, P2 as compared to NC. However, retention of nutrients, caecal microbial population and intestinal morphology remained comparable among treatments P1 and P2. It is concluded that Bacillus subtilis LS 1-2 inclusion at 0.30% level had beneficial effects on broilers' growth performance, nutrient retention, caecal microflora and intestinal morphology. Additionally, citrus-juice waste can be used as substrate for growth of probiotic Bacillus subtilis LS 1-2.