• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.305-311
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• 1993

우리나라에 있어서 사일리지용 옥수수(Zea mays L.)는 널리 재배가 되고 있지만 실제로 농가의 포장에서 옥수수의 사초로서 이용에 관한 연구 보고가 없는 실정이다. 따라서 경기도 여주 및 이천에서 1988년에 8개 농가 1989년에 13개 낙농가를 선정하여 사일리지용 옥수수의 재배 실태를 연구 조사하였다. 1988년에 농가생산 옥수수의 암이삭 착생주율은 75.3%. ha당 재식밀도는 75,826주, 암이삭 비율은 38.3% 그리고 수확시 건물률은 23.8%. ha당 건물수량은 12,661kg이였으며 1989년도의 암이삭 착생주율은 79.5%, ha당 재식밀도는 79.981주. 암이삭비율은 41.1%. 건물률은 20.7%. ha당 건물수량은 16.152kg 였고 흑조위축병 이병률은 11.9%였다. 그러나 농가가 제조한 옥수수 사일리지의 Flieg's score는 70∼100으로 평균은 91이 되어 품질은 우수한 편이었다. 본 연구조사 결과에 따르면 낙농가는 표준보다 훨씬 높은 재식밀도하에서 만생품종의 옥수수를 재배하고 있었으며 이러한 결과 농가 재배 옥수수의 생산성은 시험기관이 재배하는 옥수수의 생산성 보다 낮았다. 따라서 중·북부지방에서는 현재보다 더 조생품종의 옥수수를 재배하여야 하고 옥수수의 재식 밀도도 낮추어야 할 것이다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.178-184
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• 1992

Five varieties of silage corn were cultivated to compare the growth characteristics and productivity. Corn varieties were Pioneer 3144(P 3144), 3160(P 3160), 3282(P 3282), 3352(P 3352) and Suweon 19 (S 19). The corns were seeded on May 2 and harvested on August 15, and measured the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, and yields of fresh and dry matter. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Plant height of P 3352 and P 3144 grown about 280cm throughout the experimental period was the tallest(P<.Ol), and those of P 3160, P 3282 and Suweon 19 ranged from 246.3 to 256.0 cm. 2. Leaf length is the longest in P 3352 and the shortest in P 3282(97.63cm vs 84.17cm), and there was significant(P<.Ol) difference between corn varieties. 3. Stem diameter was the longest in P 3144 and the shortest(P<.Ol) in P 3352(3.28cm vs 2.66cm). 4. P 3144, P 3282 and P 3352 had the greatest(P<.Ol) fresh matter yields per 10a in leaf, stem, and ear and whole plant, respectively. 5. Dry matter yield of P 3282 was the greatest(P<.Ol) in stem(1,080.6 kg/lOa) and leaf(304.5 kg/lOa), and that of P 3352 was the greatest in ear(864.1 kg/lOa) and whole plant yield(2,021 kg/lOa). 6. Ratios of respective part of corn to total dry matter were ranged from 12.7 to 17.8 76 for leaf, 44.5 to 66.9% for stem and husks, and 16.9 to 42.8 % for ear, and the highest in P 3160, P 3160 and P 3352, respectively. Consequently, P 3352, P 3144 and P 3282 shown high productivity in dry matter yield could be recommended as a reliable corn varieties for silage.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2004

본 시험은 사일리지용 옥수수 재배시 일년생 잡초 제거를 위한 최적의 제초제조합을 선발하기 위하여 대조구(알라유제＋씨마네수화제(T1)), 메토라크롤유제(T2), 치오벤카브＋리누론유제(T3), 펜디유제(T4), 펜디＋리누론유제(T5), 프로피소크로르유제(T6), 니코설푸론액상수화제(T7), 프로피소크로르유제＋니코설푸론액상수화제(T8), 무처리(T9)의 총 9처리를 난괴법 3반복으로 축산기술연구소 대관령지소(표고 800m)에서 2년간(2001∼2002) 수행하였다. 사일리지용 옥수수의 생육특성을 보면 옥수수의 초장과 착수고는 처리에 따라 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 건물 함량과 암이삭 비율은 니코설푸론 액상수화제(T7) 처리구에서 각각 31.4%와 52.7%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 사일리지용 옥수수의 건물수량을 보면 프로피소크로르유제＋니코설푸론액상수화제(T8) 처리구에서 16,503kg/ha으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 각 제초제 조합에 의한 일년생 잡초의 방제율은 프로피소크로르유제＋니코설푸론액상수화제(T8) 처리구에서 96.4%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 건물수량, 잡초방제 및 사료가치 등을 고려하여 볼 때 프로피소크로르유제＋니코설푸론액상수화제 처리구가 고랭지에서 사일리지용 옥수수 재배시 최적의 제초제 조합으로 생각된다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.144-147
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• 2011

The main nutritional problem of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor${\times}$Sorghum sudanese) silage is low quality and palatability. This experiment was conducted to evaluate whether organic com grain and crushed rice addition of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage increases forage quality of the silage. The sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silages with added com grain and crushed rice were similar to conventional com silage in moisture content. However organic sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage had low pH values. Silage added with gain and byproduct had higher crude ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents than control com silages, while its non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) showed the opposite results. Lactic acid, butyric acid and lactic percentage of total organic acid (L/T) of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silages were higher than those of com silage, but acetic acid was higher than control. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of com silage was higher than other sorghum silages. Feed intake of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage added with crushed rice was highest among silages. Therefore, these data indicate that crushed rice and com grain added sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage could be recommended as the most effective treatment for increasing silage quality and palatability.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2012

This study was performed out to investigate the influence of the mixed application of chemical fertilizer (CF) and liquid swine manure (LSM) on the growth characteristics, dry matter yield, amino acids, minerals, and free sugars in cultivating silage corn on paddy soils. The field experiment was designed in a randomized block design of 3 repetitions with CF 100% treatment (C), CF 70% + LSM 30% treatment (T1), CF 50% + LSM 50% treatment (T2), CF 30% + LSM 70% treatment (T3), and LSM 100% treatment (T4). At this time, the application of LSM was based solely on the nitrogen. Ear length, ear circle, stem diameter, and stem hardness of the silage corn did not show significant differences between treatments. Fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield were highest in T3, whereas the lowest in C treatment (p<0.05). Crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash content were significantly higher in T1, C, and T4 treatment, respectively (p<0.05). However, NDF, ADF and crude fiber content did not show significant difference between treatments. The total mineral content decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. Total composition amino acid content was higher in the order of T1 > T2 > C > T4 > T3 treatment (p<0.05). Free sugar content was higher in the order of T1 > T3 > T4 > T2 > C treatment (p<0.05). Based on the above results, suggests that the mixed application of chemical fertilizer 30~50% and LSM 50~70% (T2 and T3) is the most effective, considering the yield performance and the content of sugar degree and free sugar affecting silage.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.156-161
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• 1986

옥수수 흑조위축병이 심한 남부지방에서 6개 국내육성품종과 6개 미국도입 품종의 흑조위축병 발생상황과 Silage 생산성에 관한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 흑조위축병에 의하여 간장의 위축이 심한 품종일수록 간장의 변이계수가 컸다. 2. 간장의 도수분포는 흑조위축병 이병율과 분포의 유형에 따라 3품종군으로 나눌 수 있었다. 3. 수확기의 흑조위축병 이병율과 간장 자수주비율, Silage 수량, 자수수량과는 부의 상관이 있었으나 Silage 중 자수비율과 간엽수량과는 상관이 없었다. 4. Silage 수량은 P. XCF38이 가장 높았고 수원 89호와 NC6131 이 가장 낮았으며 타 품종은 육성모지와 관계없이 비슷하였다. 5. 흑조위축병 이병율은 P. XCF38, 수원 89호, 진주옥이 가장 낮았으며 수원 19호, 광옥, 횡성옥, P. 3424는 이병률이 비교적 높았고 NC 6131은 생육초기부터 이병률이 가장 높았다. 6. 진주옥과 수원 89호는 흑조위축병에는 저항성이나 출사후 잎의 조기노화로 수량이 낮았다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.221-232
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• 1999

일반적으로 건물수량과 암이삭비율을 사일리지용 옥수수(Zea mays L.)의 생산성 비교에서 중요한 요인으로 생각하고 있다. 그러나 사일리지용 옥수수의 품종 비교에는 사초생산성 뿐만아니라 경엽의 품질도 중요하다. 그래서 본 시험은 정부장려 8품종을 한달 간격으로 파종하였을 때 사일리지용 옥수수의 부위별 사료가치를 비교하기 위하여 수행하였다. ADF, NDF, ADL, hemicellulose 및 cellulose 함량은 경엽, 암이삭 및 전식물체 모두에서 적기파종시가 만기파종시보다 낮았다(P<0.01). 공시 품종간에는 경엽과 전식물체에서 섬유소 함량의 차이가 있었다(P<0.01). 파종기간 TDN 및 $NE_1$는 경엽 및 전식물체에서 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 공시품종간 TDN 및 $NE_1$ 는 경엽, 암이삭 및 전 식물체 모두에서 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 전 식물체에서는 공시품종중 'G4624', 'P3352' 및 'P3394'의 TDN 및 $NE_1$가 다른 품종보다 높았다(P<0.05). In vitro 건물 소화율은 적기파종이 만기파종보다 높았으며(P<0.05), 또한 공시품종간에도 유의적인 차이가 있었다. ln vitro 건물소화율과 NDF, ADF, hemicellulose 및 cellulose의 상관계수는 각각 $-0.82^{**}$, $-0.7^{**}$, $-0.63^{**}$ 및 $-0.69^{**}$이었다. 이상의 연구결과를 볼 때 사일리지용 옥수수의 사료가치를 높이기 위해서는 적기파종이 옥수수의 사료가치를 증가시킬 수 있었다. 그리고 품종간 비교에서는, 특히, 경엽과 전식물체의 사료가치가 차이가 있었다. 그러므로 사일리지용 옥수수의 품종 선발에는 경엽과 전식물체의 사료가치도 중요한 요인이라고 생각된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 1999

This research was carried out in a farm situated in Malkara District of Tekirdag Province (Turkey) in 1994-95, and the effect of genotype and environmental conditions on some characters and variations of these characters in terms of silage yield in 8 dent corn varieties were determined. The results of this research showed that leaf weight, stem diameter, and silage yield had a low broad sense heritability while the number of leaves per plant had a high heritability. Yield performance of varieties varied to a significant degree because of variations in rainfall rate during the growing periods. Leaf number, silage yield, leaf weight, stem diameter, plant height and ear weight varied between 13.33-17.33 number, 8,443-11,114 ton/hec, 152.8-244.2 g, 2,615-2,965 cm, 216.5-252.5 g and 176.2-285.8 g, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.1528-1539
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• 2019

Objective: To evaluate the effects on microbial diversity and biochemical parameters of gradually increasing temperatures, from $5^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ on corn silage which was previously fermented at ambient or low temperature. Methods: Whole-plant corn silage was fermented in vacuum bag mini-silos at either $10^{\circ}C$ or $20^{\circ}C$ for two months and stored at $5^{\circ}C$ for two months. The mini-silos were then subjected to additional incubation from $5^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ in $5^{\circ}C$ increments. Bacterial and fungal diversity was assessed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) profiling and biochemical analysis from mini-silos collected at each temperature. Results: A temperature of $10^{\circ}C$ during fermentation restricted silage fermentation compared to fermentation temperature of $20^{\circ}C$. As storage temperature increased from $5^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$, little changes occurred in silages fermented at $20^{\circ}C$, in terms of most biochemical parameters as well as bacterial and fungal populations. However, a high number of enterobacteria and yeasts (4 to $5\;log_{10}$ colony forming unit/g fresh materials) were detected at $15^{\circ}C$ and above. PCR-DGGE profile showed that Candida humilis predominated the fungi flora. For silage fermented at $10^{\circ}C$, no significant changes were observed in most silage characteristics when temperature was increased from $5^{\circ}C$ to $20^{\circ}C$. However, above $20^{\circ}C$, silage fermentation resumed as observed from the significantly increased number of lactic acid bacteria colonies, acetic acid content, and the rapid decline in pH and water-soluble carbohydrates concentration. DGGE results showed that Lactobacillus buchneri started to dominate the bacterial flora as temperature increased from $20^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$. Conclusion: Temperature during fermentation as well as temperature during storage modulates microorganism population development and fermentation patterns. Silage fermented at $20^{\circ}C$ indicated that these silages should have lower aerobic stability at opening because of better survival of yeasts and enterobacteria.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2021

To improve the fermentation quality of silage and reduce the nutrients loss of raw materials during the ensiling process, silage additives are widely used. The effect of additives on silage is also affected by the species of crop. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the effects of formic acid (FA) and lactic acid bacterial inoculant on the quality of main summer crop silage. The experiment was consisted on split-plot design with three replications. The experiment used the main summer forage crops of proso millet ("Geumsilchal"), silage corn ("Gwangpyeongok"), and a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid ("Turbo-gold"). Treatments included silage with Lactic acid bacterial Inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum [LP], 1.0 × 106 CFU/g fresh matter), with FA (98%, 5 mL/kg), and a control (C, without additive). All silages were stored for 60 days after preparation. All additives significantly increased the crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the silages and also reduced the content of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and pH. Corn had the highest content of IVDMD, total digestible nutrients and relative feed value among silages. Compared with the control, irrespective of whether FA or LP was added, the water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) of three crops was largely preserved and the WSC content in the proso millet treated with FA was the highest. The treatment of LP significantly increased the lactic acid content of the all silage, while the use of FA significantly increased the content of acetic acid (p < 0.05). The highest count of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was detected in the LP treatment of corn. In all FA treatment groups, the total microorganism and mold numbers were significantly lower than those of the control and LP groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, both additives improved the fermentation quality and nutritional composition of the main summer forage crops. The application of FA effectively inhibited the fermentation of the three crops, whereas LAB promoted fermentation. So, both FA and LP can improve the quality of various species of silage.