• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.171-178
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• 1999

느타리버섯 균사 배양에 배지의 최적 혼합비를 구하기 위해 주재료인 면실피, 톱밥, 볏짚과 부재료인 제올라이트, 옥수수강, 탈지강, 백솜, 이분, 왕겨, 피이트를 사용하였다. 주재료인 면실피 톱밥 : 볏짚의 최적 혼합비는 6: 3: 1 (V/V, %)이었으며 각각 부재료의 최적 혼합비는 제올라이트 1%, 옥수수강 3%, 탈지강 5%, 백솜 1%, 이분 1%, 왕겨 7%의 순으로 균사생장과 밀도가 양호하였다. 주재료에 부재료 두 종류씩 혼합하였을때 최적 혼합비는 제올라이트:옥수수강의 경우 2:2(V/V, %), 탈지강과 백솜의 경우 3:2(V/V, %), 이분과 왕겨의 경우 1:3(V/V, %)이었다. 이를 다시 주재료와 부재료 모두를 함께 혼합할 경우 면실피 :톱밥 : 볏짚 : 제올라이트 : 옥수수강 : 탈지강 : 백솜 : 이분 : 왕겨 : 피이트를 43.0 : 17.2 : 25.8 : 2.0 : 2.0 : 3.0 : 2.0 : 1.0 : 3.0 1.0(V/V, %)로 혼합하였을 때 균사생장과 밀도가 모두 양호하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1133-1137
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted to study the performance and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers fed whole crop corn silage ensiled with poultry manure (PM) for 18 months. The experiment was designed as a randomized block design with three phases. Steers were allotted in one of three dietary treatments, which were ammonia-treated rice straw (AS), whole crop corn silage (CS) and whole crop corn+30% PM silage (based on DM; MS). All diets were supplemented with concentrate. Total body weight gain and average daily gain (ADG) in MS group were increased (p<0.05) by 6% over AS group. The MS treatment enhanced (p<0.05) total and daily intakes of forage compared with the AS and CS treatments while there was compensatory effect on concentrate intake by AS group. Carcass characteristics were improved by feeding MS. MS increased (p<0.05) carcass weight and marbling score (7.5 and 22.5% of AS, respectively), and reduced (p<0.05) backfat thickness (13.2 of AS and 16.6% CS). Carcass grade and meat quality grade were also improved by MS compared with AS and CS. Under the conditions of this study, MS was an efficacious replacement for corn silage for steers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1548-1553
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• 2000

An experiment was conducted to study the nutritional quality of whole crop corn silage ensiled with cage layer manure in sheep. Treatments were designed as a $3{\times}3$ Latin square with 16-day periods. Sheep were allotted in one of three diet-treatments, which were whole crop corn silage (CS), whole crop corn+30% cage layer manure (CLM) silage (based on DM; MS) and rice straw+concentrate (SC) mixed at 8:2 ratio (on DM basis). Silage ensiled with CLM significantly increased (p<0.05) digestibilities of crude protein, NDF and ADF, TDN over the other treatments. Ruminal pH in sheep fed SC was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the other diets at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h after feeding. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration of the MS treatment was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the other treatments at 0, 1, 2 h after feeding. The MS treatment highly increased (p<0.05) feed intake, digestibility of organic matter and crude protein, nitrogen intake and retained nitrogen. The MS treatment highly increased (p<0.05) purine derivative (PD) excretion leading to higher microbial protein synthesis.

• Mycobiology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2016

Lenzites betulinus, known as gilled polypore belongs to Basidiomycota was isolated from fruiting body on broadleaf dead trees. It was found that the mycelia of white rot fungus Lenzites betulinus IUM 5468 produced ethanol from various sugars, including glucose, mannose, galactose, and cellobiose with a yield of 0.38, 0.26, 0.07, and 0.26 g of ethanol per gram of sugar consumed, respectively. This fungus relatively exhibited a good ethanol production from xylose at 0.26 g of ethanol per gram of sugar consumed. However, the ethanol conversion rate of arabinose was relatively low (at 0.07 g of ethanol per gram sugar). L. betulinus was capable of producing ethanol directly from rice straw and corn stalks at 0.22 g and 0.16 g of ethanol per gram of substrates, respectively, when this fungus was cultured in a basal medium containing 20 g/L rice straw or corn stalks. These results indicate that L. betulinus can produce ethanol efficiently from glucose, mannose, and cellobiose and produce ethanol very poorly from galactose and arabinose. Therefore, it is suggested that this fungus can ferment ethanol from various sugars and hydrolyze cellulosic materials to sugars and convert them to ethanol simultaneously.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2021

섬유소계 바이오매스는 전분질계 바이오매스에 비해 리그닌이 많아 전처리가 필수적으로 요구된다. 섬유소계 바이오매스를 전처리하기 위한 용매인 에탄올은 효소당화(enzymatic hydrolysis)에 저해가 되는 물질을 분별하기 쉬우며, 증류를 과정을 통해 쉽게 재사용이 가능하다. 침출식 전처리 공정은 반응기 내에서 연속적으로 성분을 분별하여 고-액 분리가 용이하며 향후 스케일업에서도 유리하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 장점들을 활용하여 대표 섬유소계 바이오매스인 옥수수대(corn stover)로 전처리를 진행하였으며 해당 공정을 밀대(wheat straw)와 거대억새(miscanthus)에 적용하여 추가적인 바이오매스의 적용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.1770-1778
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to reveal potential metabolic differences of dairy cows fed corn stover (CS) and rice straw (RS) instead of alfalfa hay (AH) as main forage source. Methods: Thirty multiparous mid-late lactation Holstein dairy cows were selected and randomly assigned to three diets, AH, CS, or RS (n = 10). After 13 weeks of the feeding trial, coccygeal arterial and superficial epigastric venous plasma samples were collected before morning feeding for gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry analyses. Results: In the artery, 8 and 13 metabolites were detected as differential metabolites between AH and CS, and between AH and RS, respectively. The relative abundance of phenylpropanoate (log₂fold change [FC]) = 1.30, 1.09), panthenol (log₂FC = 2.36, 2.20), threitol (log₂FC = 1.00, 1.07), and 3,7,12-trihydroxycoprostane (log₂FC = 0.79, 0.78) were greater in both CS and RS than in AH, and tyrosine (log₂FC = -0.32), phenylalanine (log₂FC = -0.30), and pyruvic acid (log₂FC = -0.30) were lower in RS than in AH. In the vein, 1 and 7 metabolites were detected as differential metabolites between AH and CS, and between AH and RS, respectively. By comparing AH and RS, we found that metabolic pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were enriched by integrative artery and vein analysis. Furthermore, AH and RS, arterial phenylpropanoate and 4-hydroxyproline were positively, and phenylalanine was negatively correlated with milk urea nitrogen. Finally, in AH and CS, arterial panthenol was negatively correlated with feed efficiency. Conclusion: Arterial metabolic profiles changed more than those in the veins from animals on three forage diets, differing in amino acids. We found that phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were restricted when cows were fed low-quality cereal straw diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1400-1410
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• 2004

Eight crossbred (75% Holstein Friesian) cows in mid-lactation were randomly assigned to a switchback design with a 2x2 factorial arrangement to evaluate two nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) sources (corn meal and cassava chips) with different rumen degradability and used at two levels of NSC (55 vs. 75%) with protein source (supplied by urea in the concentrate mix). The treatments were 1) Low degradable low level of corn (55%) 2) Low degradable high level of corn (75%) 3) High degradable low level of cassava (55%) and 4) High degradable high level of cassava (75%). The cows were offered the treatment concentrate at a ratio to milk yield at 1:2. Urea-treated rice straw was offered ad libitum as the roughage and supplement with 1 kg/hd/d cassava hay. The results revealed that total DM intake, BW and digestion coefficients of DM were not affected by either level or source of energy. Rumen fermentation parameters; NH3-N, blood urea nitrogen and milk urea nitrogen were unaffected by source of energy, but were dramatically increased by level of NSC. Rumen microorganism populations were not affected (p>0.05) by source of energy, but fungal zoospores were greater for cassava-based concentrate than corn-based concentrate. Milk production and milk composition were not affected significantly by diets containing either source or level of NSC, however concentrate than corn-based concentrate averaging (4.4 and 4.2, respectively). Likewise, income over feed, as estimated from 3.5% FCM, was higher on cassava-based concentrate than corn-based concentrate averaging (54.0 and 51.4 US$/mo, respectively). These results indicate that feeding diets containing either cassava-based diets and/or a higher of oncentrates up to 75% of DM with NPN (supplied by urea up to 4.5% of DM) can be used in dairy rations without altering rumen ecology or animal performance compared with corn-based concentrate.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.639-646
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• 2007

본 연구는 섬유소공급원 7종, alfalfa hay cube (AHC), corn cob(CC), corn silage(CS), cotton seed hull(CSH), peanut hull(PHL), rice straw (RS), sugar cane bagasse(SCB)이 면양에서의 저작행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 평균체중 37.1 kg인 Corridale종 수컷 면양 5두를 공시하여 실험기간동안 각각의 섬유소공급원 45%와 corn-based 사료 55%의 비율로 하여 1일 2회(09:00, 21:00) 총 800g(dry matter basis)을 급여하였다. 저작횟수는 CC구에서 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타내었으며 CSH구에서 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었고(p<0.001), 그 외의 구에서는 중간정도였다. 반추소비시간은 RS구와 CC구가 각각 352분과 367분으로 높게 나타났다. kg NDF 섭취당 저작횟수는 CC구에서 가장 높았으나 kg NDF 섭취당 반추소비시간은 CSH구(p<0.001)를 제외하고 다른 구에서는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 입자도의 분포는 RS구에서 더 길었으며 PHL구에서는 더 짧게 나타났다.이상의 결과로부터 섬유소 공급원에 따라 저작행동이 크게 영향을 받는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 섬유소 공급원에 따른 저작행동을 반추가축의 사료설계에 지표로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2005

본 연구는 섬유소공급원 7종, alfalfa hay cube (AHC), corn cob (CC), corn silage (CS), cotton seed hull (CSH), peanut hull (PHL), rice straw(RS), sugar cane bagasse(SCB)의 반추위에서의 반추활동, pH, 완충능력과 전소화기관 내 소화율을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 공시 동물은 평균체중 37.1kg인 Corridale종 수 면양 5두 (3두는 반추위 fistula 부착)를 사용하였으며, 실험기간동안 공시동물에게 급여한 사료는 각각의 조사료원 $45\%$와 corn-based 사료 $55\%$의 비율로 하여 1일 2회 (09:00, 21:00) 총 800g(dry matter basis)을 급여하였다. Ruminal pH는 급여 후 4시간까지는 처리구 간에 차이가 없었지만 8시간 후 타 조사료원$(6.24\~6.61)$과 RS(5.78)간에는 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 반추위 내 완충능력은 SCB구, CC구와 비교하여 CS구에서 사료급여 후 0시간(p<0.05), 2시간(p<0.05)에 유의한 차이를 나타내었고, 사료급여 후 12시간 경과 시 AHC구를 제외한 CC구, CS구, SCB구와 RS구 보다 PHL구(p<0.01)에서 높게 나타났다. DM 소화율은 CS구에서 $78.19\%$로 타처리보다 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.05), DNF 소화율은 CC구, CS구, CSH구와 RS구가 다른 조사료원 급여구보다 높게 나타났다. (p<0.001).

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.368-370
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• 1998

In order to determine the optimal radiation dose for the sterilization of biowastes, the bioburden, frequencies and radiosensitivities of bacteria, mold and fungi in rice straw, chaff, corn stover and sawdust was observed before and after ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiation. Radiation sterilization dose of rice straw, chaff, com stover and sawdust was calculated as 17.7, 17.6, 15.6 and 20.0kGy, respectively, from the mutual compensation of screening dose and derived dose on the basis of $10^{-3}$ SAL. This method could be acceptable for the sterilization of various biowastes including food, pharmaceuticals, etc.