• 펄프종이기술
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2008

Agar-agar extracted from red algae was used as a surface sizing material for paper after filtering, bleaching, and viscosity adjustment by oxidative depolymerization. Oxidized starches from corn and tapioca were compared to agar-based surface size in the respects of paper surface modification, strength improvement, and printability. Agar-based surface size showed high strength improvement and good printability as much as starch-based ones except film forming ability, which may be improved by adding additives, and demonstrated its great potential to be used as inexpensive and high quality surface size in future.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2012

본 연구는 울산 지역에서 성장 잠재력이 높은 농작물을 선정하고자 농작물의 재배면적 및 농업생산액에 대한 2000, 2005 및 2007년의 공식통계자료와 행정자료를 사용하여 특화계수분석과 지역성장률시차 분석을 하였다. 재배면적과 농업생산액에 의한 특화계수분석에 따르면, 쌀, 배, 감 등은 모든 분석시점에서 특화작목으로 분류되고 있다. 이들 작목들은 지역 내에서 차지하는 비중이 상대적으로 높아서 중요하기 때문에 지역농업인들의 영농활동지원 차원에서 단기적인 정책에 반영하는 것이 유용할 것이다. 2000~2007년의 농업생산액을 기준으로 한 지역성장률시차분석결과에 의하면, 딸기, 감, 감자, 옥수수, 고구마 등이 성장작목으로, 배가 경쟁우위작목으로 분류되고 있다. 재배면적 기준에서는, 딸기, 감자, 옥수수 등이 성장작목으로, 고구마가 경쟁우위작목으로 분류되었다. 이들 작목은 시장의 선호도와 생산자의 의지를 반영한 전국적인 추세와 지역의 생산 활동을 고려한 시계열 분석이라는 차원에서 지방자치단체는 중장기 농업정책 수립에 활용하는 것이 유익할 것이다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.513-528
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of locally produced organic agricultural by-products to substitute imported organic feeds for organic ruminant farming. Imported organic feeds (corn grain, soybean meal, soybean seed, oat grain, barley grain, wheat grain, buckwheat, sunflower seed meal) and byproducts (rice bran, grape seed meal, rice straw, soybean hull, soybean curd, rice hull, green kernel rice, and crushed rice grain) were analyzed for chemical composition and NDF, ADF, mineral, and amino acid contents and anti-nutritional factors. Dry matter, NDF and ADF contents in organic feeds were higher than those in conventional feeds. Especially, the 9.65% fat content of organic soybean meal was 6 times higher than the 1.95% fat content of conventional soybean meal. Fat contents of rice bran, grape seed meal, green kernel rice, and crushed rice grain were 25.66, 6.09, 3.57 and 1.59%, respectively. Protein contents of soybean hull and soybean curd were 14.68 and 19.87%, respectively, which are highest among organic by-products. Levels of aflatoxin in all feeds were below the safety level. Therefore, organic rice bran, green kernel rice and crushed rice as energy source, and soybean hull and soybean curd as protein source could partial replace imported feeds for organic ruminant farming.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.261-265
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• 1999

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of feeding Angelica gigas Nakai by-products on performance and meat quality of Korean native chicks(KNC). Five hundred forty KNC were placed into 0, 0.2, and 0.4% Angelica gigas supplements with four replications between males and females. Weight gain, feed conversion ratio(FCR), breast meat lipid, fatty acid and protein contents were measured from 17 to 20 weeks old. Egg production, feed intake and FCR were examined from 22 to 29 weeks at four weeks at four weeks intervals. Basal diets based on corn and soybean meal contained 15% crude protein and 2,850㎉/kg ME for the growing period, 16.5% and 2,800㎉/kg for the laying period. Experiments were designed in a one way analysis. Weight gain of female chicks fed 0.2% Angelica gigas by-products increased significantly compared to that of other treatments for the growing period, but was not consistency in male groups. Moisture, protein, fat content were not statistically different among all treatments. Fatty acid composition(C16:0, C18:0) of chicks fed 0.2% Angelica gigas by-products was higher than other treatments. In laying period, hens fed 0.2 or 0.4% Angelica gigas Nakai by-products seemed to increase the egg production and significantly improved FCR compared to that of control(P〈0.05). Birds fed 0.4% treatment showed significantly the lowest feed intake and FCR of all treatments(P〈0.05). The results of these studies indicated that dietary supplemental Angelica gigas by-products may have a role to improve the performance of KNC.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.484-488
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 식품부산물을 원료로 사용하여 회분식 발효를 통한 Propionibacterium acidipropionici의 유기산 생산성을 검토하고 세포재순환식 연속발효를 통해 유기산의 대량생산을 위한 기초자료를 마련하고자 하였다. CSL의 함유량에 따른 회분식 발효를 실시하여 균주의 생산성이 최대가 되는 발효조건을 구하여 연속 발효공정에 적용하였다. 희석률을 $0.1{\sim}0.2\;hr^{-1}$로 변화시키며 세포재순환식 연속발효를 실시한 결과 $0.2\;hr^{-1}$에서 최대 세포량은 150 g drycell/L으로 회분식 발효에 비해 21배 증가하였으며, 유기산의 최대 생산성은 3.32 g total acids/L/h로서 13배가 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이 발효공정을 scale-up한다면 유기산뿐만 아니라 바이오매스 자원으로서 세포량의 대량생산도 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1481-1490
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• 2018

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to determine the net energy (NE) content of full-fat rice bran (FFRB), corn germ meal (CGM), corn gluten feed (CGF), solvent-extracted peanut meal (PNM), and dehulled sunflower meal (SFM) fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry or published prediction equations. Methods: Twelve growing barrows with an average initial body weight (BW) of $32.4{\pm}3.3kg$ were allotted to a replicated $3{\times}6$ Youden square design with 3 successive periods and 6 diets. During each period, pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 16 d, which included 7 days for adaptation. On d 8, the pigs were transferred to the respiration chambers and fed one of the 6 diets at 2.0 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/$kg\;BW^{0.6}/d$. Total feces and urine were collected and daily heat production was measured from d 9 to d 13. On d 14 and d15, pigs were fed at their maintenance energy requirement level. On the last day pigs were fasted and fasting heat production was measured. Results: The NE of FFRB, CGM, CGF, PNM, and SFM measured by indirect calorimetry method was 12.33, 8.75, 7.51, 10.79, and 6.49 MJ/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. The NE/ME ratios ranged from 67.2% (SFM) to 78.5% (CGF). The NE values for the 5 ingredients calculated according to the prediction equations were 12.22, 8.55, 6.79, 10.51, and 6.17 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Conclusion: The NE values were the highest for FFRB and PNM and the lowest in the corn co-products and SFM. The average NE of the 5 ingredients measured by indirect calorimetry method in the current study was greater than values predicted from NE prediction equations (0.32 MJ/kg DM).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2019

Objective: This study was to investigate the nutrient ileal digestibility of dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae and compare with those of three animal protein by-products in growing pigs. Methods: A total of 12 crossbred ($[Landrace{\times}Yorkshire]{\times}Duroc$) growing pigs with average body weights of $24.12{\pm}0.68kg$ were surgically equipped with simple T-cannulas after being deprived of feed for 24 h according to published surgical procedures. These pigs had a recovery period of two weeks. A total of 12 pigs were assigned to individual metabolic crates and allotted to one of four treatments with 3 replicates in a fully randomized design. Dietary treatments included the following: i) Fish meal, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% fish meal; ii) Meat meal, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% meat meal; iii) Poultry meal, cornvegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% poultry meal; iv) Tenebrio molitor, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% dried Tenebrio molitor larvae. Results: Results showed that the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Lys was higher (p<0.05) in pigs fed Tenebrio molitor diet than that in pigs fed fish meal diet. Pigs fed Tenebrio molitor diet showed increased (p<0.05) AID of His and Arg compared to pigs fed Fish meal or Meat meal diet. The AID of Cys was increased (p<0.05) in pigs fed poultry meal and Tenebrio molitor diets compared to that in pigs fish meal diet. Pigs fed meat meal, poultry meal, and Tenebrio molitor diets showed higher (p<0.05) standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of total energy compared to pigs fed fish meal diet. The SID of Arg was higher (p<0.05) in pigs fed Tenebrio molitor diet than that in pigs fed fish meal or meat meal diet. Furthermore, pigs fed poultry meal or Tenebrio molitor diets showed increased (p<0.05) SID of Cys compared to pigs fed fish meal diet. Conclusion: In conclusion, providing pigs with diets that contained Tenebrio molitor larvae meal improved AID and SID of nutrients as well as essential and non-essential amino acids. The digestibility of dried mealworm larvae protein and its utilization in vivo are also good. Therefore, dried mealworm larvae protein can be used as protein source at 10% level in growing pigs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.177-187
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• 2014

Microbial phytases are enzymes with biotechnological interest for the feed industry. In this article, the effect of spray-drying conditions on the stability and activity of extracellular phytase produced by R. microsporus var. microsporus biofilm is described. The phytase was spray-dried in the presence of starch, corn meal (> $150{\mu}m$), soy bean meal (SB), corn meal (< $150{\mu}m$) (CM), and maltodextrin as drying adjuvants. The residual enzyme activity after drying ranged from 10.7% to 60.4%, with SB and CM standing out as stabilizing agents. Water concentration and residual enzyme activity were determined in obtained powders as a function of the drying condition. When exposed to different pH values, the SB and CM products were stable, with residual activity above 50% in the pH range from 4.5 to 8.5 for 60 min. The use of CM as drying adjuvant promoted the best retention of enzymatic activity compared with SB. Spray drying of the R. microsporus var. microsporus phytase using different drying adjuvants showed interesting results, being quite feasible with regards their biotechnological applications, especially for poultry diets.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2014

It is very important to investigate air pollutants emissions emitted from open burning in order to control nonpoint sources effectively. In this study, we utilized incineration simulator proposed by U.S EPA and investigated emissions of CO, OC/EC, from household waste and biomass burning to estimate pollutant emissions by illegal incineration of biomass wastes. Emission factor of OC was estimated as 17.1 g/kg for rice strew, 23.5 g/kg for barley, 10.3 g/kg for corn stover, 4.3 g/kg for unseasoned wood, respectively. In case of EC, it was calculated as 1.6 g/kg for rice strew, 4.3 g/kg for barley, 1.4 g/kg for corn stover, 0.6 g/kg for unseasoned wood, respectively. Most of the pollutants emissions were emitted at the stage 1 and 2. In the stage 3, the pollutants concentration decreased gradually. To estimate emissions and build inventory for biomass burning, we need to know accurate activity data. We, therefore, used activity data of both survey results of previous study and statistical data of National Statistical Office. However, we need to perform additional experiments in the future to obtain more accurate activity data for various cases.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.398-402
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• 1984

Rhizopus oryzae 가 생산(生産)하는 glucoamylase 의 각종기질(各種基質)에 대(對)한 분해반응(分解反應)을 검토(檢討)하였다. Glucoamylase I 과 II 는 amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, 가용성 전분, pullulan, maltose, maltotriose, maltotetriose, maltopentaose, maltohexaose, maltoheptaose, maltooctaose를 가수분해(加水分解)하였으나, ${\alpha}-cyclodextrin$, ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$, sucrose, raffinose, 젖당은 가수분해(加水分解)하지 못하였다. $37^{\circ}C$, 32시간(時間)의 반응(反應)에서 glucoamylase I 은 amylopectin, 가용성 전분, amylose를 거의 100% 분해하였고 glycogen 만을 88%정도 분해 하였으나, glucoamylase II 는 공시기질(供試基質) 4 종(種)을 거의 100% 분해하였다. Glucoamylase I 과 II 의 반응생성물질(反應生成物質)은 glucose 만이었고 ${\alpha}-glucosyltransferase$ activity는 없었다. Glucoamylase I 과 II 는 생찹쌀 전분을 가장 잘 분해(分解)시키나 생감자 전분, 생미숙 바나나 전분, 생칡 전분, 생참마 전분, raw high amylose corn starch의 분해능(分解能)은 glucoamyase I 에 비(比)하여 생전분(生澱粉)의 분해력(分解力)이 강(强)하였다.