• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.289-300
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• 2018

Coreanomecon is a monotypic and endemic genus in Korea, distributed mainly in the southern regions. Coreanomecon is morphologically similar to Hylomecon by producing red latex, easily distinguished from Chelidonium, which produces yellow latex. Coreanomecon were merged into Hylomecon or Chelidonium depending on the authors. To understand the phylogenetic relationship of Coreanomecon, DNA sequences of chloroplast rbcL and matK and nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions were determined from the species of Papaveroideae (Papaveraceae) in Korea and analyzed with the Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian methods. Phylogenetic analyses of Papaveroideae suggest that Coreanomecon is sister to the clade of Chelidonium and Stylophorum in the ITS data and that it is sister to Hylomecon in the chloroplast (cpDNA) data. A constraining analysis using the Shimodaira-Hasegawa test (S-H test) suggested that the ITS data do not reject the sister relationship of Coreanomecon and Hylomecon. The S-H test also suggested that the cpDNA data is compatible with the placement of Coreanomecon as a sister to the clade of Chelidonium and Stylophorum. Although the conflicting phylogenetic results may stem from insufficient phylogenetic signals, they may also be associated with hybridization between Hylomecon and an ancestor of Stylophorum and Chelidonium. The results of this study suggest that Coreanomecon is a distinct lineage as an endemic genus, supporting the morphological data.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.310-319
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• 2013

The genetic diversity and structure of eight populations of Coreanomecon hylomeconoides Nakai, an endemic Korean plant, were investigated using 50 ISSR loci from eight primers. The average percentage of polymorphic loci was 47.3%. The Shannon's index (SI=0.218) and gene diversity (h=0.142) were relatively lower than those of other long-lived perennials. The Sancheong (SI=0.233, h=0153), Gwangyang (SI=0.263, h=0.171), and Suncheon (SI=0.241, h=0.159) populations showed greater genetic diversity than the Namhae and Gwangju populations, which are on the edge of the distribution. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 18% of the total variation could be attributed to differences among populations, and 82% to differences within populations, indicating moderate gene flow among adjacent populations. These results were supported by value of Nm (2.184). The UPGMA conducted using the genetic distance and Bayesian cluster analysis showed a remarkable geographic trend structured into east and west regions. Overall, the results indicate that the Sancheong and Gwangyang populations, which had a large population size and higher degree of genetic diversity, should be the focus of in situ conservation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.18-29
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• 2010

The vascular plants in ecological forest site on the Gujaebong (Mt.), Hadong were listed 338 taxa; 85 families, 219 genera, 290 species, 1 subspecies, 40 varieties and 7 forms. Divided into 338 taxa; woody plants were 121 taxa (35.8%) and herbaceous plants were 217 taxa (64.2%). Based on the legal protection species, endangered wild plants II were recorded; Aconitum austro-koreense, Corylopsis gotoana var. coreana and rare plants (IUCN) by the Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum 5 taxa were recorded; Botrychium virginianum, Aconitum austro-koreense, Coreanomecon hylomecoides, Corylopsis gotoana var. coreana, Viola albida. Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 13 taxa were recorded; Cephalotaxus koreana, Thalictrum actaefolium, Vicia nipponica, Indigofera koreana, Stewartia koreana, Weigela subsessilis, etc. Based on the list of approved for delivering overseas of plants, 5 taxa were recorded; Coreanomecon hylomecoides, Vaccinium oldhami, Paulownia coreana, Asperula lasiantha, Carex okamotoi. Specific plant species by floral region were total 21 taxa (6.2% of all 338 taxa of vascular plants); Aconitum austro-koreense, Corylopsis gotoana var. coreana in class V, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Coreanomecon hylomecoides in class IV, 4 taxa (Stewartia koreana, Phacellanthus tubiflorus, Lonicera subhispida, etc.) in class III, Potentilla dickinsii, Viola orientalis in class II, 11 taxa (Aconitum jaluense, Angelica anomala, Erythronium japonicum, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in the surveyed sites were 8 families, 15 genera, 15 taxa (Phytolacca americana, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Lolium perenne, etc.) and naturalization rate was 4.4% of all 338 taxa of vascular plants.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.121.1-121
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• 2003

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.102-109
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• 2023

The basic information of ovule and seed characteristics was investigated for five monotypic and endemic genera in the Korean peninsula as categorized by the Flora of Korea category. The carpels and seeds were sectioned with a rotary microtome. Mature seeds were coated with platinum using an ion sputter and observed using a scanning electron microscope. As a result, Abeliophyllum was found to be anatropous and a unitegmic ovule, with a slightly colliculate seed surface and exotestal seed coat type. The ovule of Coreanomecon was anatropous and bitegmic, having a distinct echinate seed surface, and exo-endotestal seed coat type with a prismatic crystal in the mesotesta. The ovule of Hanabusaya was anatropous and a unitegmic, with a long reticulate seed surface sculpture, and distinct exotestal seed coat type. In addition, a wing developed at the opposite side of the raphe bundle. Megaleranthis was an anatropous and bitegmic ovule, having a small pentagonal disk shape, a concave seed surface and exotestal seed coat type. Finally, Pentactina was also anatropous and a unitegmic ovule, reticulate seed sculpture, and endotestal seed coat type. These data will be proving to be a source of good information for securing bio-sovereignty in the near future.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.116-125
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• 2012

The distribution, vegetation characteristics and an assessment of the conservation status of the Korea endemic species Coreanomecon hylomeconoides Nakai were investigated to collect biological basic data to formulate a conservation strategy. According to the distribution map of C. hylomeconoides based on the literature, specimen information, and local field surveys, natural populations of C. hylomeconoides are intensively distributed in the Southern regions of the peninsula, around Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeollanan-do. C. hylomeconoides was distributed in the middle and low slope adjacent to a valley. The altitude ranged from 227 m to 744 m, with inclinations of $5-10^{\circ}$. As a result of a vegetation survey within natural populations, a total of 238 taxa were identified from 29 quadrates in 8 natural populations. The importance value of C. hylomeconoides is 25.34% based on the coverage and frequency of the herbaceous layer with in the populations. The species diversity of the occurrence of the species in 8 natural populations was 1.52, while the averages of species evenness and the dominance values were calculated to be 0.83 and 0.17, respectively. As a result of assessing the conservation status through IUCN Red List criteria, C. hylomeconoides was evaluated as Near Threatened (NT). Conservation strategies are also discussed for the sustainable conservation of C. hylomeconoides.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.331-356
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• 2018

We investigated the flora of Jogyesan Mt. and discussed important vascular plants found on this mountain. In total, 16 separate field trips (20 days overall) were completed from 2013 to 2017. There are 577 taxa on Mt. Jogyesan, consisting of 115 families, 333 genera, 520 species, 8 subspecies, 45 varieties, and 4 forms. Eighteen endemic plants of Korea were found on Jogyesan Mt., including Carex okamotoi Ohwi, Coreanomecon hylomeconoides Nakai, and Stewartia koreana Nakai ex Rehder. There are 80 taxa of floristic regional indicator plants in total, including level V such as Adenophora palustris Kom. and level IV such as Dryopteris championii (Benth.) C. Chr. ex Ching, Gastrodia elata Blume, Lindera sericea (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume and Corylopsis glabrescens var. gotoana (Makino) T. Yamanaka. There also are 24 taxa of naturalized plants, including Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.481-504
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Mt. Biseul. The vascular plants collected 10 times(from May 2006 to October 2007) were identified as 468 taxa in total, including 89 families, 302 genera, 397 species, 1 subspecies, 59 varieties and 11 forms. Korean endemic plants of this area were identified as 17 taxa including Thalictrum uchiyamai, Coreanomecon hylomeconoides, Lonicera subsessilis, etc.; the Ministry of Environment-designated plants, which should be protected by the wildlife protection law, were identified as one taxon including Aconitum austrokoreense; the Office of Forestry-designated rare & endangered plants were identified as 6 taxa including Viola albida, Lloydia triflora, Streptopus ovalis, etc.; the naturalized plants were identified as 34 taxa, and their naturalization ratio and urban index were found to be 7.3%, and 12.2% respectively. This study newly identified about 160 taxa of the plants, among which 17 taxa were newly added to the list of naturalized plants, such as Phytolacca americana, Dicentra spectabilis, Lepidium apetalum, Medicago lupulina, Euphorbia supina, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Cosmos bipinnatus, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Galinsoga ciliata, Rudbeckia bicolor, Sonchus oleraceus, Tagetes minuta, Taraxacum officinale, Chloris virgata, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Tradescantia reflexa, etc. There existed many kinds of plants resources having conservational value like Aconitum austrokoreense etc. in this area, but there remains a fear of nature destruction's acceleration due to indiscriminate human development and access of a lot of visitors, so it is judged that there should be a management plan, such as a limit on the number of visitors or rest-year-system for restoration of nature.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.819-841
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• 2015

To investigate the distribution of vascular plants growing at Halmibong(1,026m) and Gusibong(1,014m) in Baekdutrail, we surveyed from March in 2013 to March in 2014. The flora of Haimibong and Gusibong in Baekdu trail were found to be; 528 taxa; 95 families, 287 genus, 454 species, 4 subspecies, 59 varieties, 11 forma. Rare plants were found to be; 15 taxa, 10 families, 14 genus, 13 species, 2 varieties. Among them EN degree was found to be 1 species(Rhododendron tschonoskii Maxim.), VU degree; 2 species(Scorzonera albicaulis Bunge, Lilium cernuum Kom.), LC degree; 12 species(Abies koreana Wilson, Coreanomecon hylomeconoides Nakai, Viola albida Palib. etc.) respectively. In all surveyed areas, a total of 15 taxa(Heloniopsis koreana Fuse, N.S.Lee & M.N. Tamura etc.) were found to be endemic to Korea. Distribution of floristic special plants in the surveyed areas were found to be divided into five classes (class I~V). The floristic special plants found in surveyed areas were 2 taxa of grade V, 6 taxa of grade IV, 12 taxa of grade III, respectively. The naturalized plants were investigated as 23 taxa; Rumex crispus L., Amorpha fruticosa L., Veronica arvensis L. etc..

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.27-55
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• 2020

We investigated the flora of Ibamsan Mt. and Baekamsan Mt., and discuss here important vascular plants found on these mountains. We created a plant list using voucher specimens collected from Ibamsan Mt. and Baekamsan deposited at CNU. There are 769 taxa in Ibamsan Mt. and Baekamsan Mt., consisting of 116 families, 403 genera, 687 species, 16 subspecies, 58 varieties, and 8 forms. Twenty-four endemic plants of Korea were found, including Coreanomecon hylomeconoides Nakai and Eranthis byunsanensis B. Y. Sun. There are 15 rare plants on Ibamsan Mt. and Baekamsan as designated by the Korea Forest Service, including Iris koreana Nakai and Chamaegastrodia shikokiana Makino & F. Maek., as well as 14 red-list plants as designated by the Ministry of the Environment, including Lycoris chinensis var. sinuolata K. Tae & S. C. Ko ex K. Tae & S. C. Ko and Cymbidium macrorhizon Lindl. In total, there are 133 taxa of floristic regional indicator plants, including four level V taxa, such as Iris koreana Nakai; ten level IV taxa, such as Lindera sericea (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume; 28 level III taxa, such as Botrychium japonicum (Prantl) Underw.; 22 level II taxa, including Hylomecon vernalis Maxim.; and 69 level I taxa, including Dryopteris erythrosora (D. C. Eaton) Kuntze. There are 37 invasive plants, including Rumex acetosella L. and Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G. L. Nesom.