• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.365-368
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• 2000

The antibacterial effect amino acid-copper(II) surfactant on fish pathogens was studied. Fish pathogens of Edwardsiella tarda Vibrio anguillarum Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus sp. were selected cultured in nutrient agar and adjusted at $2{\times}10^5~10^6 CFU/$m\ell$$ in phosphate buffer saline before the addtion of amino acid-copper(II) surfactant with different concentrations. All tested pathogens died within 1 hour with 1 ppm of amino acid-copper(II) surfactant. In comparison with formalin and ET. amino acid-copper (II) surfactnat was more effective in antibacterial capacity.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.40-45
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• 1993

A solvent extraction system of copper-thiocyanate complex into various types of alkylamines such as secondary, tertiary and quaternary ammonium salt for the determination of trace copper by atomic absorption spectrometry is presented. The maximum extraction of copper shows at 0.1 M-thiocyanate and single extraction with 10 ml of 1% amine-MIBK from 50 ml of aqueous solution is enough to be quantitative for micro amounts of copper. The effect of amine diluents and of diverse ions are also examined.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2014

This research was performed to examine the effects of mixed espil and copper hydroxide for powdery mildew prevention on cucumber, tomato and pepper. On prevention effect for powdery mildew on cucumber, results revealed that mixed espil and copper hydroxide with a ratio of 4 : 1, disease incidence rate was 18.9% and prevention effect was 69.9%. Another treatment with a ratio of 8 : 1 showed an disease incidence rate of 18.1% and prevention effect of 71.1%, thus, showed great effectiveness. For powdery mildew on tomato, espil and copper hydroxide were mixed using the ratio 4 : 1, results showed an disease incidence rate of 12.4% and prevention effect of 85.3%. Treatment using the ratio of 8 : 1, results showed an disease incidence rate of 14.3% and prevention effect of 83.0%, thus, showed great effectiveness. For powdery mildew on redpepper, espil and copper hydroxide were mixed using the ratio of 4 : 1 with results showed disease incidence rate of 17.7% and prevention effect of 83.0%. From the results, this treatment is the most effective with the lowest attack rate and highest prevention effect. Deducing from the study, it was found out that using mixed espil and copper hydroxide using the ratios 4 : 1 or 8 : 1 are the most effective method for powdery mildew prevention. Mixed ratio of 4 : 1 or 8 : 1 was most effective for preventing powdery mildew on cucumber and tomato, while the espil and copper hydroxide ratio of 4 : 1 was the most effective method for powdery mildew prevention on pepper.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2012

An annular flow type of copper electrolysis reactor was setup in order to generate the copper ions to remove algae in water. The operating characteristics of the reactor and the effect of copper ion on algae have been considered. By controling the applied current, the copper ion concentration could be obtained as desired level and the faradaic efficiency was above 90%. When the flow rate was increased, the copper ion concentration was linearly decreased due to the dilution effect and the effect of concentration overpotential was insignificant. With the increase of pH in water, the copper ion concentration was linearly decreased and not affected by the conductivity of the water. The concentration of chlorophyll-a was sharply decreased with the increase of copper ion concentration. The algae was effectively removed as the copper ion concentration was above 0.2 ppm. There was no difference between the copper ions obtained by dissolving copper sulfate and those produced by copper electrolysis. The algae removal efficiency was above 90% after 5 days as the copper ion concentration was above 0.4 ppm.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.387-396
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of increase in the ratio of zinc to copper and alcohol consumption on serum lipid content in Sprague-Dawley male rats during five weeks. Sixty rats were divided into six groups, CZ < zinc 30ppm diet >, CZA < zinc 30 ppm diet plus alcohol 5% solution >, HZ < zinc 300ppm diet >, HZA < zinc 300ppm diet plus alcohol 5% solution >, SHZ < zinc 600ppm diet >, SHZA < zinc 600 ppm diet plus alcohol 5% solution >. High ratio of zinc to copper groups < HZ, SHZ > were significantly decreased in high-density lipoprotein (p<0.01) and increased in total cholesterol, triglyceride, total lipid in serum(p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.01). Triglyceride levels of serum in alcohol groups < CZA, HZA, SHZA > were significantly higher (p<0.001) than non-alcohol group < CCZ, HZ, SHZ >. Copper levels of serum were reduced in group high ratio of zinc to copper. These results present that high ratio of zinc to copper increase cholesterol(p<0.001) and alcohol consumption increase triglyceride(p<0.001) in serum. This close association to lipid metabolism in rats draw attention to the potential significance of zinc and alcohol nutriture in relation to cardiovascular disease.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.143-150
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• 2011

Copper electroplating has been applied to various fields such as decorative plating and through-hole plating. Technical realization of high strength copper preplating for wear-resistant tools and molds in addition to these applications is the aim of this work. Brighters and levelers, such as MPSA, Gelatin, Thiourea, PEG and JGB, were added in copper sulfate electrolyte, and the effects of these organic additives on the hardness were evaluated. All additives in this work were effective in increasing the hardness of copper electrodeposits. Thiourea increased the hardness up to 350 VHN, and was the most effective accelarator in sulfate electrolyte. It was shown from the X-ray diffraction analysis that preferred orientation changed from (200) to (111) with increasing concentration of organic additives. Crystallite size decreased with increasing concentration of additive. Hardness was increased with decreasing crystallite size, and this result is consistent with Hall-Petch relationship, and it was apparent that the hardening of copper electrodeposits results from the grain refining effect.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2008

The morphology of three-dimensional (3D) cross-linked electrodeposits of copper and tin was investigated as a function of the content of metal sulfate and acetic acid in a deposition bath. The composition of copper sulfate had little effect on the overall copper network structure, whereas that of tin sulfate produced significant differences in the tin network structure. The effect of the metal sulfate content on the copper and tin network is discussed in terms of whether or not hydrogen evolution occurs on electrodeposits. In addition, the hydrophobic additive, i.e., acetic acid, which suppresses the coalescence of evolved hydrogen bubbles and thereby makes the pore size controllable, proved to be detrimental to the formation of a well-defined network structure. This led to a non-uniform or discontinuous copper network. This implies that acetic acid critically retards the electrodeposition of copper.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.77-85
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• 1972

A method of preparation of synthetic ignorgaic coating on copper (patina) has been presented . An Eh--pH diagram was constructed for the present Cu-H2O-SO$_4$ system using the most recently available thermodynamic data. In the path of the patination at room temperature the general behaviour of copper in acidic copper sulfate solutions with potassium chlorate as an oxidizing agent appeared to follow those predictable in this Eh-pH diagram. In the presence 0.05 molar cupric sulfate at a temperature of about 28$^{\circ}C$ a green brochantite (CuSO$_4$$.$3Cu(OH)$_2$) layer was formed on copper sheet in 20 days. In a solution having an initial pH of 3.5 the development of a brochantite coating has been observed to take place in two stages. In the first, a layer of cuprous oxide formed on the copper at a relatively rapid rate. In the ensuing step the outer layer of cuptrite was oxidized at much slower rate to form brochantite. The syntetic coatings appeared to consist of crystal-lites of brochanitite growing perpendicular to the cuprose oxide surface. The outer tips of the -crystallites were reasily broken off and gave to the layer a rather chalky character. Underneath, at the brochantite Cu$_2$O interface, however, the green layers were firmely attached. The effect of reagent concentration , solution agitation , and moderate temperature increase were investigated to improve the quality of coating. So also in a qualitative way were the effect of light.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.799-804
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• 2000

Coulometric titration experiments have been done for copper doped cobaltous oxide (Co1-xCux)1-$\delta$ O with various dopant concentrations. We present the obtained experimental data and compare our results to those of previous thermogravimetric investigation. The experimental data are fitted by theoretical calculations based on various defect models. For this modeling, we considered different types fo major defects like copper in substitutional and interstitial lattice sites as well as copper vacancy. We also introduced the copper evaporation effect during titration experiment into our consideration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.28-34
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• 2000

Copper clad aluminum composite materials are being used for economic and structural purposes, The development of an efficient production method of copper clad aluminum composite material rods by extrusion is very important. This paper describes experimental investigations in the direct extrusion of copper clad aluminum rods through conical dies. There are several parameters that have an influence on determining a sound clad extrusion. These variables are extrusion temperature, extrusion ratio, semi-cone angle of die, extrusion force, extrusion velocity, friction of between the container and billet, percentage of copper used and ratio of flow stress of copper to aluminum. In order to investigate the influence of extrusion temperature, extrusion ratio, semi-cone angle of die on the hot direct extrudability of the copper clad aluminum composite material rods, the experimental study have been performed with these variation.