• Advances in environmental research
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.225-237
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• 2018

The sorption of metal ions with low-cost adsorbents plays an important role in sustainable development. In the present study, the efficacy of sugarcane bagasse, rain tree fruits (samaneasaman), banana stem and their mixtures, used as bio-sorbents, in the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution is evaluated. Batch studies are conducted, and residual ions were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP)-atomic spectrometer. Effect of pH, initial metal ion concentration, reaction time and adsorbent dosage are studied. The Pb(II) removal efficiency was observed to be 97.88%, 98.60% and 91.74% for rain tree fruits, banana stem and a mixture of adsorbents respectively. The highest Cu(II) ion removal was observed for sugarcane bagasse sorbent with an efficiency of 82.10% with a pH of 4.5 and a reaction time of 90 min. Finally, desorption studies were carried out to study the leaching potential of adsorbent, and it was found that the adsorbent is stable in water than the other leaching agents such as HCl, ammonium acetate, Sodium EDTA. Hence, these adsorbents can be effectively used for the removal of these heavy metals.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.79-96
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• 1973

붕어(Carassius carassius)에 미치는 동의 영향을 밝히기 위하여 다음과 같은 연구를 하였다. 1) 셀루로오스 아세테이트 전기영동법에 의한 젖산수소이탈효소 아이소자임 상, 2) 분광비색법에 의한 LDH활성과 LDH효소계에 대한 동의 영향, 3) 한천 박층 전기영동법에 의한 에스테라아제 아이소자임 상, 4) 전분 겔 전기영동법에 의한 혈색소 상, 및 5) 조직 학적 연구. 1. LDH 아이소자임 영동대는 정상 붕어의 아가미에 2개 (LDH-3 및 LDH-5), 간에 3개(LDH-2, LDH-4, 및 LDH-5), 그리고 근육에서 2개 (LDH-3 및 LDH-4) 나타났다. LDH-1은 이상의 세가지 조직에서 나타나지 않았다. 동을 처리한 붕어의 간에서는 LDH-3이 나타났고 근육에서는 LDH-5가 나타났다. 그러나 아가미에서는 새로운 영동대가 나타나지 않았다. 2. LDH활성은 정상 붕어의 아가미, 간, 및 근육 중 아가미에서 가장 낯았고 근육에서 가장 높았으며, 아가미를 제외한 간과 근육에서는 1일부터 10일간의 동처리에 따라 점차적으로 감소되었다. 3. 동을 처리한 붕어의 간과 근육의 LDH활성 감소는 주로 체내 M-LDH에 대한 동의 억제에 기인된다. 4. 정상 붕어의 아가미, 간, 근육, 혈액, 뇌, 및 신장의 에스테라아제 아이소자임 영동대 수는 각각 3,6,2,2,2 및 2개 였고 이들은 동을 처리한 경우에서도 같았다. 동처리군의 아가미, 간, 혈액 그리고 신장의 에스테라아제 영동대의 상대이동도는 대조군의 그것들과 상이하였다. 5. 정상 붕어의 혈색소 영동대는 양극에 1개 있었다. 동을 처리한 붕어의 혈색소 영동대의 이동도는 정상 붕어의 그 것보다 약간 빠른 것으로 보였다. 6. 동(20ppm)에 5일간 처리한 붕어의 조직학적 연구는 다음과 같았다. 1) 아가미에서는 처음에 표피층이 분리되었다가 분해된 후 완전히 파괴되었다. 2) 간에서는 많은 지방립이 나타났다. 3) 정상 붕어와 동에 처리된 붕어의 근육 사이에서는 조직학적 차이가 없었다. 4) 신장족직은 기부요세관에 손상을 받았다. 요세관세포의 높이가 작아진 후 요세관의 내강이 확대되었다. 많은 기부요세관이 분홍빛의 과립성 형태와 여러 단계의 변성을 나타내었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.709-718
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to clarify the effect of lead poisoning on the lead and essential trace elements homeostasis of tissues in rats. Fifty female Wistar rats, 7 weeks old, were divided into four experimental groups(B, C, D, and E) and a control(A). The four experimental groups received diets contaminated artificially with 10 (B group), 100 (C group), 1,000 (D group) and 5,000 (E group) ${\mu}g/g$ of lead as lead acetate, respectively. The control group received normal diet. Rats were necropsied on the 4th or 8th week of experimental periods and heart, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, lung and hair were taken. The tissues were analysed for lead, copper, zinc, iron and calcium content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. From these experiments following results ware obtained ; In C group, lead content of the heart, liver, kidney and hair were significantly increased both on the 4th and 8th week of experiment. In D and E group, lead content of all tissues including heart, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, hair and lung were significantly increased in accordance with the lead contamination both on the 4th and 8th week of experiment. In C group, copper content of tissues were significantly increased in the heart, liver, kidney and lung on the 4th week and all tissues on the 8th week of experimental periods. In D and E group, copper content of the liver were significantly increased both on the 4th and 8th week of experiment. But the copper content of tissues were gradually decreased compared with C group in accordance with the lead contamination. Especially the content in spleen, heart or kidney were significantly decreased compared with the control group. The zinc content of kidney, heart, or spleen were decreased in D and E groups whereas the iron and calcium content showed no significant change.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.743-752
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• 2013

과실을 이용한 증류주 개발에 있어서 국내에서 생산량이 많고 과잉생산으로 인한 잉여과실 발생빈도가 높은 사과와 감귤을 선정하였으며, 외국에서 증류주 제조에 많이 사용하고 국내에 많이 자생하는 마가목 열매를 원료로 선정하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 각 원료의 발효특성에 따라 맞춤형 효모를 선정하였고, 선정된 효모를 이용하여 발효한 술덧을 동재질의 상압다단식 증류기와 스테인리스 재질의 상압단식 증류기 및 감압단식증류기 등으로 각각 증류한 증류주의 주요 향기성분과 증류효율 등을 비교 평가하였다. 또한 상기 증류주의 품질평가를 위해 4개월 숙성 후 관능평가를 실시하였다. 연구결과 사과와 감귤의 경우 원료 사용비율에 관계없이 발효가 원활히 진행되었으나 마가목 열매의 경우 원료사용비율이 10 w/v% 이상일 경우 발효가 되지 않거나 미미하였으며, 사용비율이 8 w/v% 이하일 때에는 원활한 발효가 진행되었다. 원료별, 증류방식별로 초류, 본류, 후류로 나누어 증류한 증류주의 증류효율을 검토한 결과 과실 원료 차이에 따른 증류주의 수율 차이는 적었지만, 증류효율 면에서는 상압다단식 증류기, 상압단식, 감압단식 순으로 높게 나타났다. 과실증류주의 주요 향기성분 분석결과 증류방식별 다소의 차이를 나타내었으나 모든 원료에서 동재질의 상압다단식증류 방식에 의해 제조된 시제품이 스테인리스 재질의 상압단식 및 감압단식방식에 의해 제조된 증류주에 비해 아로마가 풍부한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 사용된 원료에 관계없이 증류수율, 작업능률 및 품질측면에서 동재질의 상압다단식증류방식이 스테인리스 재질의 단식 또는 감압증류방식보다는 증류주제조에 더 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 쌀을 이용한 증류주 제조에만 국한되어 있는 국내 증류주시장을 고려하면 과실을 이용한 유럽스타일의 증류주 제조, 특히 마가목 열매를 이용한 과실증류주 상품화 기술은 향후 FTA 시대를 맞아 시장 다변화 및 우리술 경쟁력 강화에 기여할 것으로 보인다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1991

A. niger H-18 and A. fumigatus E-29 wrer selected for their strong abilities to produce cellulase. The λd numerical values of the cotton fabrics inoculated with A. niger H-18 and A. fumigatus E-29 were 580 nm for the both strains of molds. By the growth of molds, lightness, original color scale, and grey scale of the fabrics gradually decreased while chroma increased. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of mold-proofing agents, such as Leperon WL, 8-hydroxyquinoline copper acetate, trimethylol melamine and dimethyl ethylene urea was 50 ppm. Glycoxale was not effective at the above mentioned concentration. Since Leperon WL, trimethylol melamine and dimethyl ethylene urea effectively inhibited the growth of A. niger H-18 and A. fumigatus E-29, tensile strength and elongation of the fabrics were not changed. however, cotton fabrics treated with glycoxale of the fabrics were not changed. However, cotton fabrics treated with glycoxale and inoculated with A. niger H-18 and A. fumigatus E-29 showed decreased in tensile strength by 31.1% and 33.9%, respectively.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2000

Silk fabrics were dyed by Cochineal extracts after mordanted with various mordants and their properties of dyeing, fastness and change of surface color were investigated. Silk fabrics were mordanted with aluminum potassium sulfate, copper acetate, tin chloride, iron sulfate or chromium potassium sulfate at $60^\circ{C}$ for 30 minutes and subsequently dyed at $60^\circ{C}$ for 60 minutes unless mentioned otherwise. The dye-uptake of silk fabrics increased with the concentration of Cochineal extracts and mordants used. Maximum dye-uptake was obtained at pH 3.5-4, regardless of the type of mordants used. Surface color of silk fabrics changed from red purple to purple when mordanted with Al or Cu mordant, from purple to purple blue with Fe mordant and showed red purple with Sn or Cr mordant, respectively. It also changed according to pH of dyeing bath. Dyed silk fabrics showed poor light fastness but good dry-cleaning, perspiration and rubbing fastness.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2010

This study explores the solution of a variety of conditions of the natural dyeing with the Mulberry. To obtain this, the Cu complex compound was added into the extracts. The Mulberry extract was added the Copper acetate to obtain the Black sediment the metal complex compound of anthocyanidin. According to the result of using the complex compound of the solid material, the dyeing properties were excellent. The metal complex compound acted as a mordant, thus it reduced the process of mordanting in the natural dying.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2014

Phosphoric acid was used as etching agent instead of conventional peroxide - based chemicals for forming pattern of ultra definition display. Etchant was synthesized by mixing etching agent, oxidation agent, buffer solution, and additive into solvent, deionized water. Thicknesses of copper, main metal of ultra definition display, for etching, were 10,000 and $30,000{{\AA}}$. Etch stop of good low skew for proper pattern formation has been occurred at the content ratio of phosphoric acid 60 - 64%, nitric acid 4 - 5%, additive(potassium acetate) 1 - 3%. Buffer solution(acetic acid) decreased the metal contact angle $63.07^{\circ}$ to $42.49^{\circ}$ for benefiting pattern formation. Content variations on four components (phosphoric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, potassium acetic acid) of the etchant with storage time were within 3 wt% after 24 hrs of etching work.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 1971

In this study , fluoborte solution consisting of lead fluoborate, tin fluoborate and cupric acetate was used. By addition of small amount of Cu+= ion to the solution, the Cu content of deposition layer was almost controlled less than 5%. The amount of Cu in deposition layer was almost constant without any influence of Pb++ & Sn++ in the solution, and the amount of Pb was increased by the increase of total concentration of Pb++ +Sn++ in the solution, and the amount of Pb was increased by the increase of total concentration of Pb++ +Sn++ in the solution . Agitation of plating solution & low current density result in the increase of Cu content. Analyzing of microscopic structures and etching tests of the deposited alloy, it was believed that the alloy had a lamellar structure consisting of copper rich lamellar and lead rich layer.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1493-1499
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• 2001

This paper investigated the dyeabiltiy and surface color of Han Jee dyed with Gardenia extract after mordanted with mordants under the various dyeing conditions. The results obtained were as follows 1) λmax of the dyeing Han Jee dyed with Gardenia appeared at 660 and 710nm. 2)K/s value of dyeing Han Jee was increased when dyeing condition, temperature, time was higher. 3) Surface color of Han Jee with mordants changed differently according to the mordants used : 3.2Y by Aluminum acetate, 2.0GY by Copper sulfate, 9.5YR by Iron sulfate. 3.4Y by Tin chloride, and 4.5Y by non-mordanting.