• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2002

Objectives : The object of this study was to investigate the relationship between coping strategies and perceived stress or pain discomfort in patients with chronic low back pain. 80 patients with chronic low back pain and 100 normal controls participated in this study. Methods: Global assessment of recent stress (GARS) scale and Stress Response Inventory (SRI) were used to measure perception for stressors and stress responses. Coping scale and pain discomfort scale were used to measure coping strategies and pain perception. Results : Scores of perceived stress related to work or job, interpersonal relationship, changes in relationship, sickness or illness and the total scores on the GARS scale were significantly higher in those with chronic low back pain than normal controls. Scores of the SRI fatigue subscale scored significantly higher in those with chronic low back pain than normal controls. No significant difference was found on total scores of the pain discomfort scale between those with chronic low back pain and normal controls. The patients with chronic low back pain scored significantly higher on planful problem solving and positive reappraisal than normal controls. In the patient group, pain perception had significant positive correlations with total scores of the SRI and scores of stress perception related to illness or injury. The extent of escape-avoidance showed significant negative correlations with age, whereas the extent of distancing or escape-avoidance had significant negative correlations with the level of education. Significant difference was also found in accepting responsibilities between male subjects and females. However, no significant correlations were found between coping strategies and perceived stressors, stress responses or pain perception. Conclusion : The results suggest that patients with chronic low back pain were more likely to use more active coping strategies than normal controls, though the former had more perception for stressors than the latter. It was also found that coping strategies used by the patients were associated with sociodemographic factors, but that they were not associated with perceived stressors, stress responses or pain perception.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.169-178
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine stress, coping, and immune response effects of a psychosocial intervention program based on the PNI model and Stress-Appraisal-Coping for Korean patients with breast cancer. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants who had survived breast cancer and lived in Wonju city and the surrounding area were assigned to an intervention group (N=21) or a control group(N=18).We conducted a 12-week intervention, 2 hours a day weekly, and measured the variables at baseline, six and twelve weeks later. Dependent variables are: stress, anxiety-depression and anger, and immune response. Results: Patients in the psychosocial intervention program reported significantly less stress perception (U=31.500, p=.023), more problem solving ability and less problem avoidance in coping (U=20.500, p= .013; U=29.500, p=.040), and less anxiety-depression (U=22.000, p=.023). No difference, however, was found in anger and. immune responses between the two groups. Intervention effects were evident at week 6 and 12 for anxiety-depression, and at week 6 for problem avoidance in coping, the same time that NK cell counts and the T8 decreased. Conclusions: These results suggested positive effects of a psychosocial intervention program. However, the results are inconclusive due to the small sample.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.615-624
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out the role conflict and ways of copying of nurses as underwriters worked at life insurance companies in Korea. Method: The subjects were 141 underwriters who were working at 4 major life insurance companies in Korea. For finding the role conflicts, Role conflict and Ambiguity scale developed by Rizzo, House & Lirtzman(1970) was used, For the ways of coping, Ways of coping scale developed by Lazarus et al. (1984) was used. The statistical method used were mean, percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Turkey test by SAS program. Result: The mean of role conflict was 2.76, and its subcategories were intersender conflict 2.95, sequential order interrole conflict 3.13, interarole conflict 2.69, organizational conflict 2.69, ambiguity from the outcome or responses to one's behavior 2.60, ambiguity from clarity of behavior requirements 2.61. The mean of ways of coping was 2.42 and its subcategories were problem focused 2.42, wishful thinking 2.26, detachment 2.09, seeking social support 2.49, focusing positive 2.72, tension reduction 2.08. There is statistically significant difference between single and married person i.e, single was high than married about role conflict. And also there is statistically significant difference among religion groups i.e., christian was high than none about ways of copying. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that nurses as underwriters' role conflicts and ways of coping were different that of clinical nurses' and examining medical insurance nurses', Therefore it need more detail repeat studies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.791-798
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• 2000

The hemodialysis patients with chronic renal disease have experienced negative emotions, especially depression among with physical, social, and psychological changes. Based upon a stress-coping theory, group imago psychotherapy which can induce effective coping through self awareness and positive emotional responses is implemented to the hemodialysis patients. The effects of the imago psychotherapy in regards to comfort and depression are studied here. Group imago psychotherapy was performed on forty-three subjects(twenty subjects in the experimental group and twenty-three subjects in the control group). The results of the study were as follows. After being given group imago psychotherapy, the comfort scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (F=15.33, p= .003). Moreover, after being given treatment, the depression scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (F=9.14. p=.0044). Specifically, the scores on comfort in the experimental group under emotion-focused coping style were significantly higher than those of the control group (F=18.59, p= .0002). The mean difference on comfort scores in the experimental group under problem - focused coping style was higher than that of the control group. But their scores were not significant (F=0.19, p= .6729). The scores on depression in the experimental group under emotion-focused coping style were significantly lower than those of the control group (F=14.62, p= .0006). The mean difference on depression scores in the experimental group under problem - focused coping style was much lower than that of the control group. But their scores were not significant (F=0.31, p=.5947). There was a significant positive correlation between comfort and depression variables. After group imago psychotherapy the hemodialysis patients recognized positive changes in emotional reponses, self awareness, self control, ease of mind, and felt overall more relaxed. Imago psychotherapy is a nursing intervention which as this study has shown can improve to comfort. The results of this study can be applied to general nursing practices. In the view of holistic nursing, the development of the nursing practice combined with imago psychotherapy will contribute to the enlargement of the nursing field with conventional nursing practices.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.377-385
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• 2020

Background and objective: In the Republic of Korea, military service is mandatory. Some of new recruits have the stress from the special environment, which could cause psychological maladjustment. The military forces have operated education programs such as green camp and healing camp. The study was conducted to investigate changes in psychological and physiological stress by conducting forest healing activities along with plant scent treatment for soldiers participating in a green camp. Methods: A total of 52 soldiers were participated including maladjustment soldiers and those recommended by their military units to protect the unfit soldiers who participated in forest healing activities in the green camp. The programs that were certified by the Korea Forest Service between 2014 and 2019, and were applied for stress reduction and relaxation training were classified into stress-coping programs and forest experience programs. Post-hoc surveys and cortisol measurements were carried out. Results: Green camp soldiers experience and differences in the level of stress responses were found to be very statistically significant between the treatment and control groups. The techniques for coping with stress were not significantly different in the control group, and the treatment group showed statistically significant results. In addition, the results of analyzing changes in the concentration of cortisol and measuring physiological stress were very statistically significant in forest healing activities at 4 p.m. Conclusion: Once green camp soldiers face stressful situations, forest healing programs using forest plant scents for green camp soldiers can have positive responses and forest healing activities can reduce psychological and physiological stress responses, improving maladjustment behaviors caused by stress and positively affecting the reduction of cortisol.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.231-239
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• 2022

This study aimed to examine the influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on areas of Korean medical students' lives, assess concerns, and investigate the strategies they used to cope with stress due to the pandemic. An online survey with a total of 53 items on the impact of COVID-19, concerns, and coping strategies was sent to medical students, and responses were collected from April 27, 2021 to May 30, 2021. In total, 1,329 students were included in the study. Analysis was performed using the chi-square test, independent-sample t-test, and one-way analysis of variance, and the post-hoc Scheffé test or Games-Howell test was performed for multiple comparisons. The main negative impacts of the pandemic were on hobbies/leisure activities and mental health, and medical students expressed the highest levels of concern regarding restriction of movement, returning to everyday life, and risk of infection for family and friends. Female students more strongly agreed that COVID-19 had increased their depressed mood and anxiety (p<0.001 and p=0.003, respectively). Furthermore, the negative impacts of the pandemic on different areas of life significantly affected current levels of depressed mood and anxiety. To cope with pandemic-related stress, students used several strategies such as talking with family or friends (91.5%), sleeping (83.1%), exercising (72.8%), using social networking services (60.8%), drinking alcohol (37.8%), and practicing meditation/mindfulness (24.4%); the effectiveness of these strategies ranged from 3.45 to 4.19 on a 5-point Likert-type scale (1-5). The study findings suggest that COVID-19 has influenced the mental health of medical students and raised concerns in many areas of their lives. Students used various strategies to cope with the pandemic-related stress; since the effectiveness of frequently used approaches varied, it is essential to guide medical students to develop effective coping strategies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.652-662
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate nursing students' experiences with violence, as well as their responses and behaviors subsequent to being subjected to violence. A descriptive survey was conducted and data were collected from April 30 to July 6, 2012. Responses were obtained from the 290 nursing students studying at six universities in four cities using self-administered questionnaires. About 91% of the students were subjected to violence. Verbal violence (85.2%) was the most frequently encountered type of violence, followed by physical threats (74.8%), sexual violence (41.0%), and physical violence (26.2%). Participants were abused by patients or patients' family members, as well as clinical staff, such as nurses and doctors. After the nursing students were exposed to violence, they responded more negatively to psychological aspects than to biophysical or social aspects. Most students did "not react to the person inflicting violence and continued clinical practice" (51.7%), and this response was cited by students as their most frequently used method of coping (79.5%) after violent confrontations. Strategies should be taken to prevent the violence inflicted upon nursing students in clinical settings, and nursing students should be provided with information related to communication and methods to cope with violence during their education.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2023

The purpose of the study is to verify the mediating effect of positive automatic thinking in the relationship between stress coping and psychological well-being in middle age. For this study, a survey was conducted on middle-aged people under the age of 40 to 65 living in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Incheon. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed from March 9 to March 27, 2023, and 187 questionnaires were used for the final analysis, except for 13 copies whose responses were judged to be poor or unreliable. Correlation, factor analysis, and structural equation models were conducted, and bootstrapping was analyzed to verify the mediating effect. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that coping with stress in middle age affects psychological well-being. As a result of analyzing the influence of problem-solving-oriented, social support-oriented, and avoidance-oriented as sub-factors of coping with stress, it was found to have a significant effect on psychological well-being. Stress coping has been shown to have a direct effect on psychological well-being and increase psychological well-being through the parameters of positive automatic thinking. consequently within the individual of coping with stress in middle age.It is expected that the buffering effect of external factors and positive automatic thinking will improve psychological well-being in middle age and achieve positive results.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.147-163
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• 2004

The present research investigated and compared stress coping strategies of North Korean refugees with those of South Koreans in the purpose to predict and prepare psychological conflicts expected to occur during the Korean reunification. Adapted from Han, Hur, Chae, and Kim(2001), North Korean refugees recorded their coping strategies that they would employ in stressful situations varying in term of three aspects of stress causes - 2(locus: internal/external) × 2(stability: temporal/enduring) × 2(context: individual/interpersonal) - and the responses were classified in terms of three dimensions(active/passive, approach/avoidance, cognitive/affective/behavioral). In the temporal stress situations, adaptive North Korean refugees preferred active over passive, approaching over avoiding, and behavioral over cognitive/affective stress coping strategies more than maladaptive North Korean refugees did. Also, in the stressful situations caused by external causes, they were more likely to take active rather than passive, approaching rather than avoiding copying. Although active copying strategies were preferred to passive ones by adaptive North Korean refugees in individual stressful situations, approaching copying strategies were preferred to avoiding ones by them in interpersonal stressful situations. These findings were found to be different from the pattern of South Korean's stress coping strategies in the same situations. In conclusion, the differences were discussed in the view of psychological integration during Korean reunification.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2004

As number of new housing construction has been growing, the increasing number of people experiencing from Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) is distinct. The purpose of this study is to examine the symptoms reported by residents responses to cope with the syndrome and to investigate their environmental characteristics considered relevant to the syndrome. Respondents were housewives living in apartments and were more likely to stay at home. 170 data were collected by both web-based internet survey and conventional questionnaire survey. The findings revealed that the symptom appeared very diverse and composite. The most common symptom was eye irritation. Among diverse coping behaviors, ventilation was most popular.