• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.126-138
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• 1995

For investigating a disease specific psychological mechanism in various dermatological disorders, we tried to explore the difference in correlation among stress perception, locus of control as a coping strategy, depressive symptoms and pruritic symptoms in the patients with psychological pruritis and chronic urticaria. The subjects were composed of 32 patients with psychol-ogical pruritis and 67 patients with chronic urticaria(subject group), and 25 patients with organic pruritis and 59 patient with major depression(control group). Global assesment of recent stress scale(GARS), I-E locus of control scale, Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and medical college of wisconsin center pain follow up questionnaire were used for assesement. The results were as follows: 1) There were a significant positive correlation between stress perception and depressive symptom in patients with psychological pruritis, chronic urticaria, and major depression but not hi organic pruritis. 2) In relationship between locus of control and depressive symptom, patients with psychological pruritis, organic pruritis, and major depression except chronic ruticaria showed a significant negative correlation. 3) For intensity and pattern of pruritis, there were positive relations with depressive symptom and stress perception only in patients with chronic urticaria. Above results indicate that stress perception and locus of contorl may play a significant role in the formation of psychological and dermatological symptoms in psychological pruitis and chronic urticaria. But the mechanisms of these processes are different in either disorder.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.501-511
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• 2020

This qualitative research examined the experiences and patterns of military life of service maladaptive soldiers. The research site was the place where the soldiers of the A-adaptive soldiers' healing program were conducted, and the study period was conducted from September 2016 to December 2017. Maladaptive soldiers' military life experience pattern was analyzed, and their experience consisted of three domains (early domain after joining the army, middle domain after joining the army, and last domain where they failed to adapt themselves), five cultural themes, 12 categories, and 29 attributes. The cultural themes of maladaptive soldiers in their military life experiences were as follows: facing unfamiliar military culture, hardship, being left alone in a group, pain becoming unbearable, and the last choice of leaving a painful military life. Maladaptive soldiers attempted suicide after they failed to overcome the psychological pain, but they needed help during their early period of adaptation. Moreover, during their middle period of adaptation, they needed guidance for their immature coping strategies, and ultimately they had misperceptions about their death together with a pessimistic view about their life. These results are expected to be used as basic data for the development of mental nursing arbitration programs and suicide prevention projects to help service maladaptive soldiers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.341-351
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• 2010

The administrative employees of government were analyzed on their levels of psychosocial stress and job satisfaction to reveal the various factors related to them. The self-administered questionnaires were performed, during the period between May 25th, 2007 and June 5th, to 550 individuals in the service of general administration located in Daejeon City. The Survey items included subjects' socio-denographic and job-related characteristics, health-related behavior pattern, locus of control, sense of self-esteem, psychosocial stresses and degree of job satisfaction. The study results indicate that the level of stress or job satisfaction is so complicatedly influenced by variable factors such as socio-demographic characteristics, job-related characteristics, health-related behaviors, or social psycologic factors like type A behavior pattern, internal locus of control, self-esteem or stress coping. Thus, the effective strategy for stress reduction and increase of job satisfaction among governmental employees requires additional programs.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.29 no.1_2
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• pp.42-52
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• 2002

Information extraction(IE) is a process of recognizing and fetching particular information fragments from a document. In previous work, most IE systems generate the extraction rules called the wrappers manually, and although this manual wrapper generation may achieve more correct extraction, it reveals some problems in flexibility, extensibility, and efficiency. Some other researches that employ automatic ways of generating wrappers are also experiencing difficulties in acquiring and representing useful domain knowledge and in coping with the structural heterogeneity among different information sources, and as a result, the real-world information sources with complex document structures could not be correctly analyzed. In order to resolve these problems, this paper presents an agent-based information extraction system named XTROS that exploits the domain knowledge to learn from documents in a semi-structured information source. This system generates a wrapper for each information source automatically and performs information extraction and information integration by applying this wrapper to the corresponding source. In XTROS, both the domain knowledge and the wrapper are represented as XML-type documents. The wrapper generation algorithm first recognizes the meaning of each logical line of a sample document by using the domain knowledge, and then finds the most frequent pattern from the sequence of semantic representations of the logical lines. Eventually, the location and the structure of this pattern represented by an XML document becomes the wrapper. By testing XTROS on several real-estate information sites, we claim that it creates the correct wrappers for most Web sources and consequently facilitates effective information extraction and integration for heterogeneous and complex information sources.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.224-233
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• 2024

The patient was a 69-year-old male who had decreased VDO and overbite of the anterior teeth due to severe teeth wear. Complete mouth rehabilitation was planned to restore esthetics and function. Due to the presence of a subgingival finish line, poor fit of the margin of the temporary crown, and insufficient oral hygiene management, gingival overgrowth and bleeding occurred in many teeth, and inaccurate impressions were taken. After dividing each arch and taking partial impressions, a transfer coping was made using pattern resin on each working model die, and after being placed on the abutment teeth, a master cast was made through pick-up impression taking to produce prosthesis. In this case, the final prosthesis produced on the second master cast were fitted in terms of proximal contact, marginal fit, vertical occlusal dimension, facial appearance, esthetics, and occlusion. After complete mouth rehabilitation, the patient was satisfied with function and esthetic appearance.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.122-136
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• 2000

Chronic illness requiring attention and management during a long period of time puts great burden onto patients, their family and society. For patients with chronic illnesses, providing social support is the most important, and the fundamental support comes from their spouses. Amount and quality of support from spouses seems to differentiated according to the sex of patients. Female patients tend to believe that their spouses are not very supportive. Therefore, the researchers assessed the burden of husbands of female arthritis patients to discover the factors that result in greater burden. Also, they developed a theoretical model of husbands′ care for their wives through a qualitative research into husbands′ experience. Method 1: The study material was 650 female arthritis patients registered in an arthritis clinic. The questionnaire about the disease experience of female arthritis patients and the burden of husbands were sent. Returned questionnaires numbered 210(32.3%) and 27 were excluded because of inadequate answers. The remaining 183 questionnaires were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 51 years and the mean age of spouses was 55 years. The mean marital period was 28 years. The average duration since diagnosis was 9.1 years. Education level was varied from primary school to graduate school, and average income/month was 1,517,300 won. Method 2: Initial questionnaire studies on the burden of husbands were performed. Among 183 responding husbands, 23 consented to participate for a qualitative research. Data was obtained by direct and telephone interviews. The mean age of participants was 58 years, and the educational level and socioeconomic status also varied. Result: 1. Husbands′ burden: The average burden was 57.68 with a range of 6-96. 2. Burden and general characteristics: The husband′s burden correlated with the age of the patients, numbers in the family, therapy methods, patient′s level of discomfort, patient′s disease severity, patient′s level of dependence and the husband′s understanding of the level of severity. 3. Linear correlation analysis on burden: The husbands′ burden is explained in 22.5% by husband′s recognition of level of severity and husbands′ age. 4. There were four patterns of the burden on husbands: both objectve burden and subjective burden were high(pattern I), both of objectve burden and subjective burden were low(pattern II), objective burden was high but subjective burden was low(pattern III), objective burden was low but subjective burden was high(pattern IV). The pattern was correlated with the family income, educational level of the patients and their husbands, therapy methods, patient′s level of discomfort, patient′s disease severity, patient′s level of dependence and husband′s understanding of level of severity. 5. The core category of the caring experience of the husbands with arthritis patients was "companionship". The causal factor was the patients′ experience due to symptoms : physical disfigurement, pain, immobility, limitation of house chores, and limitation of social activities. Contextural factors are husbands′ identification of housework and husbands′ concern about the disease. The mediating factors are economic problems, fear of aging, feeling of limitation and family support. The strategy for interaction is mind control and how to solve emotional stress. The "companionship" resulted from caring activities, participation of household activities, helping patients′ to coping with emotional experience. 6. Companionship is established through the process of entering intervention, and caring state of mind. Entering intervention is the phase of participation of therapy and involvement of houseworks. The caring phase consists of decision on therapy, providing therapy, providing direct care, and taking over the household role of wife. Through caring phase, the changing phase set a stage in which husbands consolidate the relationship with their wives, and are reminded of the meaning of marriage. As a result, in changing phase, husbands′ companionship is enhanced. In conclusion, nursing care of chronic illnesses should include a family member especially the spouse. All information on disease shoud be provided to patients and whole family member. Strong support should also be provided to overcome difficulties in taking over role of other sex. Then the quality of life of patients and families will be much improved.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2016

Objectives: Nowadays, the multicultural families make up significant portion of Korean population and communities. Successful re-settling in a new country can be difficult, particularly when there are disparities in dietary behavior compared to home country. The objective of the study was to investigate the dietary behavior of marriage migrant women according to their nationality in multicultural families. Methods: The primary research was conducted targeting 94 marriage migrant women who came from China (40.4%), Vietnam (26.6%), and other countries except for Japan (33.0%). We investigated their dietary behavior, such as eating attitude and food choice behavior for Korea acculturation. We also studied dietary behavior among 14 selected subjects who had high level of integration and assimilation acculturation patterns by administering the Focus Group Interview (FGI). Results: The multicultural families had more integration acculturation patterns, which could have been influenced by their nationality. Vietnamese origin has the highest cultural adaptation as marginalization pattern. The common types of Korea acculturation were integration ($3.03{\pm}1.08$), separation ($3.10{\pm}0.59$), marginalization ($3.10{\pm}0.58$), followed by assimilation ($2.84{\pm}0.51$). There were significant differences in the four types of acculturation by marriage immigrant women's country of origin (p<0.05). According to dietary behavior, 'eliminating hunger' was the most important value in a meal. Chinese marriage migrant women, who had higher level of food intake attitude significantly, also considered 'being healthy' an important value. Regarding food choice behavior, Vietnamese had lowest frequency of homeland food intake. Most of marriage immigrant women were satisfied with the Korean food, and need for education was very high with interest for cooking, good nutrition, and managing their children's dietary life. Conclusions: Coping with a change in dietary behavior is one of the biggest transitional difficulties, and family members may need support to find their familiar food items and to continue their cultural food choice behavior in the local areas. Further researches with quantitative and qualitative analysis are needed to understand the effect of dietary behavior for acculturation in multicultural families.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2006

Statement of problem. Porcelain repair mainly involves replacement with composite resin, but the bond strength between composite resin and all-ceramic coping materials has not been studies extensively. Purpose. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of composite resin and ceramic etching pattern on shear bond strength of Empress2 ceramic and observe the change of microstructure of ceramic according to etching methods. Material and methods. Eighty-five cylinder shape ceramic specimens (diameter 5mm, IPS Empress 2 core materials) embeded by acrylic resin were used for this study. The ceramic were specimens divided into sixteen experimental groups with 5 specimens in each group and were etched with phosphoric acid(37%, 65%) & hydrofluoric acid (4%, 9%) according to different etching times(30s, 60s, 120s 180s). All etched ceramic surfaces were examined morphologically using SEM(scanning electron microscopy). Etched surfaces of ceramic specimens were coated with silane (Monobond-S) & adhesive(Heliobond) and built up composite resin using Teflon mold. Accomplished specimens were tested under shear loading until fracture on universal testing machine at a crosshead speed 1mm/min; the maximum load at fracture(kg) was recorded. Shear bond strength data were analyzed with one way ANOVA and Duncan tests.(P<.05) Results. Maximum shear bond strength was $30.07{\pm}2.41(kg)$ when the ceramic was etched with 4% hydrofluoric acid at 120s. No significant difference was found between phosphoric etchant group and control group with respect to shear bond strength. Conclusion. Empress 2 ceramic surface was not etched by phosphoric acid, but etched by hydrofluoric acid.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.599-610
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• 2005

Purpose: The success of the bonding between electroformed gold and ceramic is dependent on the surface treatment of the pure gold coping. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bonding strength between the electroformed gold and ceramic with varying surface treatment. Materials and methods: A total of 32 disks,8 were using conventional ceramometal alloy, 24 were using electroforming technique as recommended by manufacturer, were prepared. 24 electroformed disks were divided 3 groups according to surface treatment, i.e. 50 microns aluminium oxide sandblasting(GES-Sand), gold bonder treatment(GES-Bond) and $Rocatec^{TM}$ system(GES-Rocatec). For control group of conventional alloy 50 microns aluminium oxide treatment was done(V-Supragold). Energy dispersive x-ray analysis and scanning electron microscope image were observed. Using universal testing machine, shear bond strength and bonding failure mode at metal-porcelain interface were measured. Results and Conclusion: The following conclusions were drawn: 1. In the energy dispersive x-ray analysis, the Au was main component in electroformed gold(99.9wt%). After surface treatment, a little amount of $Al_2O_3(2.4wt%)$ were found in GES-Sand, and $SiO_2(4wt%)$ in GES-Bond. In GES-Rocatec, however, a large amount of $SiO_2(17.4wt%)$ were found. 2. In the scanning electron microscopy, similar pattern of surface irregu larities were observed in V-Supragold and GES-Sand. In GES-Bond, surface irregularities were increased and globular ceramic particles were observed. In GES-Rocatec, a large amount of silica particles attached to metal surface with increased surface irregularities were observed. 3. The mean shear bond strength values(MPa) in order were $22.9{\pm}3.7(V-Supragold),\;22.1{\pm}3.8(GES-Bond),\;20.1{\pm}2.8(GES-Rocatec)\;and\;13.0{\pm}1.4(GES-Sand)$. There was no significant difference between V-Supragold, GES-Bond, and GES-Rocatec. (P>0.05) 4. Most bonding failures modes were adhesive type in GES-Sand. However, in V-Supragold, GES-Bond and GES-Rocatec, cohesive and combination failures were commonly observed. From the result, with proper surface treatment method electroformed gold may have enough strength compare to conventional ceramometal alloy.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.271-283
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• 2001

The childbearing process is a sociocultural phenomenon of a woman who gives birth to a child as well as a biological phenomenon. The purpose of this ethnographic research study was to explore the experience of childbearing process of mothers with children from pregnancy to the 3 months postpartum in Korea and to understand deeply the perspectives of childbearing women reflected on Korean sociocultural values. A convenient sample of 10 childbearing women were observed from January to October 2000 through field work in Seoul, Korea. Data analysis was accomplished under ongoing process. The results of this study were as follows : The mothers with children experienced self-reflection, family relation, and physical adaptation during pregnancy. In self-reflection, all mothers experienced universality and diversity in their self-discovering process. The universal experiences were maturation, life with family and priority on maternal value between being a mother and a woman. The diverse experiences were taking a dual role of working mother, emotional drift of a resigned mother, and disheartened life of a mother who has two daughters. In family relation, the foundation of the new marital relationship were attained during childbearing process and sexual life were changed for the benefit of a healthy mother and a healthy baby. All mothers established friendly relations with their mothers, but established friendly or conflicting or constraining relations with their mother-in-laws due to husband based family culture. In physical adaptation, the informants endured well the physical discomfort and recognized general appearance change. Also maternal-fetal interaction occurred and mothers realistically felt motherhood and accepted themselves as mother-to-be. The mothers prepared for the best delivery, look for a safe childbirth center, newborn goods, endorsed family coping during hospitalization and responded labor pain to make it more endurable, less painful, fast passed owing to labor recognition of the natural process to be a mother. After childbirth, they felt emancipation, satisfaction, accomplishment, more easiness, actually feeling as mother-to-be, emptiness, and showed response to the sex of newborn. Their Sanhujori practice was different according to the Sanhujori environment including provider, place, time in postpartum and reflected on Sanhubyung. The mothers felt actually mother-to-be and happiness during lactation regardless of feeding pattern. These mothers had a different maternal image about rearing subjecthood through their child-rearing experience. But all mothers felt need for family support and social support. The universal rearing response were actual feeling of mother-to-be, a strenuous experience, a pride on child-rearing, confusion, reflecting marital relationship, and wondering rivalry among children. In conclusion, mother of all with children went through self-discovery, self-reflection and made connections with the family as a mother and as a woman simultaneously during the childbearing process. Therefore it is suggested when harmony and balance between a mother and a woman is accomplished, the woman will lead a healthy and high quality of life. Also, this study sought to confirm the sociocultural factors affecting the childbearing process from the perspectives of the women with children. Therefore health care providers must understand deeply the childbearing women with children based on this finding of and try a integrative approach with new ideology of maternity with biocultural perspectives in a clinical setting.